Possible influence of the environmental pollutant bisphenol A on the cardiometabolic risk factors

References

• Amato MC, Giordano C. 2014. Visceral adiposity index: an indicator of adipose tissue dysfunction. Int J Endocrinol. 2014:7 pages. Article ID 730827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwell M, Gunn P, Gibson S. 2012. Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 13:275–286.10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwell M, Hsieh SD. 2005. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 56:303–307.10.1080/09637480500195066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bae S, Kim JH, Lim YH, Park HY, Hong YC. 2012. Associations of bisphenol A exposure with heart rate variability and blood pressure. Hypertension. 60:786–793.10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Jonathan N, Hugo ER, Brandebourg TD. 2009. Effects of bisphenol A on adipokine release from human adipose tissue: implications for the metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 304:49–54.10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari R, Xiao J, Shankar A. 2013. Urinary bisphenol A and obesity in US children. Am J Epidemiol. 177:1263–1270.10.1093/aje/kws391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biedermann-Brem S, Grob K. 2009. Release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles: water hardness as the most relevant factor. Eur Food Res Technol. 228:679–684.10.1007/s00217-008-0978-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brucker-Davis F, Ferrari P, Boda-Buccino M, Wagner-Mahler K, Pacini P, Gal J, Azuar P, Fenichel P. 2011. Cord blood thyroid tests in boys born with and without cryptorchidism: correlations with birth parameters and in utero xenobiotics exposure. Thyroid. 21:1133–1141.10.1089/thy.2010.0459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushnik T, Haines D, Levallois P, Levesque J, Van Oostdam J, Viau C. 2010. Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population. Health Rep. 21:7–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong LY, Reidy JA, Needham LL. 2008. Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003–2004. Environ Health Perspect. 116:39–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantonwine D, Meeker JD, Hu H, Sanchez BN, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Mercado-Garcia A, Fortenberry GZ, Calafat AM, Téllez-Rojo MM. 2010. Bisphenol a exposure in Mexico City and risk of prematurity: a pilot nested case control study. Environ Health. 9:62.10.1186/1476-069X-9-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao XL, Perez-Locas C, Dufresne G, Clement G, Popovica S, Beraldin F, Dabeke RW, Feeley M. 2011. Concentrations of bisphenol A in the composite food samples from the 2008 Canadian total diet study in Quebec City and dietary intake estimates. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 28:791–798.10.1080/19440049.2010.513015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Careghini A, Mastorgio AF, Saponaro S, Sezenna E. 2015. Bisphenol A, nonylphenols, benzophenones, and benzotriazoles in soils, groundwater, surface water, sediments, and food: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 22:5711–5741.10.1007/s11356-014-3974-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carwile JL, Michels KB. 2011. Urinary bisphenol A and obesity: NHANES 2003–2006. Environ Res. 111:825–830.10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng DS, Lee JM, Gebremariam A, Meeker JD, Peterson K, Padmanabhan V. 2013. Bisphenol A and chronic disease risk factors in US children. Pediatrics. 132:e637–e645.10.1542/peds.2013-0106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erler C, Novak J. 2010. Bisphenol A exposure: human risk and health policy. J Pediatr Nurs. 25:400–407.10.1016/j.pedn.2009.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2015. Panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids. Scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J. 13:3978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2016. Bisphenol A immune system safety to be reviewed. [cited 2016 Jun 28]. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/160426a
   Google Scholar
• Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Tarone RE, Olsen J. 2007. Perfluorinated chemicals and fetal growth: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 115:1677–1682.10.1289/ehp.10506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [FDA] Food and Drug Administration. 2008. Draft assessment of bisphenol A for use in food contact applications. [cited 2016 Jun 29]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/08/briefing/2008-0038b1_01_02_FDA%20BPA%20Draft%20Assessment.pdf
   Google Scholar
• [FDA] Food and Drug Administration. 2014. Bisphenol A (BPA): use in food contact application. [cited 2016 Jun 28]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm064437.htm
   Google Scholar
• Fromme H, Küchler T, Otto T, Pilz K, Müller J, Wenzel A. 2002. Occurrence of phthalates and bisphenol A and F in the environment. Water Res. 36:1429–1438.10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00367-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fürhacker M, Scharf S, Weber H. 2000. Bisphenol A: emissions from point sources. Chemosphere. 41:751–756.10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00466-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geens T, Goeyens L, Covaci A. 2011. Are potential sources for human exposure to bisphenol-A overlooked? Int J Hyg Environ Health. 214:339–347.10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Delfosse V, Thouennon E, Bourguet W, Balaguer P. 2015. Reporter cell lines for the characterization of the interactions between human nuclear receptors and endocrine disruptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 6:62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Miao M, Herrinton LJ, Wu C, Yuan W, Zhou Z, Li DK. 2009. Bisphenol A levels in blood and urine in a Chinese population and the personal factors affecting the levels. Environ Res. 109:629–633.10.1016/j.envres.2009.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heindel JJ, Newbold R, Schug TT. 2015. Endocrine disruptors and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 11:653–661.10.1038/nrendo.2015.163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YQ, Wong CK, Zheng JS, Bouwman H, Barra R, Wahlström B, Neretin L, Wong MH. 2012. Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: a review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts. Environ Int. 42:91–99.10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hugo ER, Brandebourg TD, Woo JG, Loftus J, Alexander JW, Ben-Jonathan N. 2008. Bisphenol A at environmentally relevant doses inhibits adiponectin release from human adipose tissue explants and adipocytes. Environ Health Perspect. 116:1642–1647.10.1289/ehp.11537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikezuki Y, Tsutsumi O, Takai Y, Kamei Y, Taketani Y. 2002. Determination of bisphenol A concentrations in human biological fluids reveals significant early prenatal exposure. Hum Reprod. 17:2839–2841.10.1093/humrep/17.11.2839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”. 2014. Rezultati istraživanja zdravlja stanovništva Srbije 2013. godina [Results of the survey of the public health in Serbia, year 2013]. [cited 2016 Jun 28]. Available from: http://www.batut.org.rs/download/publikacije/IstrazivanjeZdravljaStanovnistvaRS2013.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kahn HS. 2005. The “lipid accumulation product” performs better than the body mass index for recognizing cardiovascular risk: a population-based comparison. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 5:26.10.1186/1471-2261-5-26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamimura D, Ishihara K, Hirano T. 2003. IL-6 signal transduction and its physiological roles: the signal orchestration model. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 149:1–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandaraki E, Chatzigeorgiou A, Livadas S, Palioura E, Economou F, Koutsilieris M, Palimeri S, Panidis D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. 2011. Endocrine disruptors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): elevated serum levels of bisphenol A in women with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96:E480–E484.10.1210/jc.2010-1658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang JH, Kondo F, Katayama Y. 2006. Human exposure to bisphenol A. Toxicology. 226:79–89.10.1016/j.tox.2006.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katayama M, Matsuda Y, Shimokawa K-I, Ishikawa H, Kaneko S. 2003. Preliminary monitoring of bisphenol A and nonylphenol in human semen by sensitive high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis after proteinase K digestion. Anal Lett. 36:2659–2667.10.1081/AL-120024640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SH, Park MJ. 2014. Phthalate exposure and childhood obesity. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 19:69–75.10.6065/apem.2014.19.2.69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knouff C, Auwerx J. 2004. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ calls for activation in moderation: lessons from genetics and pharmacology. Endocr Rev. 25:899–918.10.1210/er.2003-0036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuch HM, Ballschmiter K. 2001. Determination of endocrine-disrupting phenolic compounds and estrogens in surface and drinking water by HRGC-(NCI)–MS in the picogram per liter range. Environ Sci Technol. 35:3201–3206.10.1021/es010034m
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang IA, Galloway TS, Scarlett A, Henley WE, Depledge M, Wallace RB, Melzer D. 2008. Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults. JAMA. 300:1303–1310.10.1001/jama.300.11.1303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legler J, Fletcher T, Govarts E, Porta M, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ, Trasande L. 2015. Obesity, diabetes, and associated costs of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the European Union. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 100:1278–1288.10.1210/jc.2014-4326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li DK, Zhou Z, Miao M, He Y, Wang J, Ferber J, Herrinton LJ, Gao E, Yuan W. 2011. Urine bisphenol-A (BPA) level in relation to semen quality. Fertil Steril. 95:625–630. e1–4.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loganathan SN, Kannan K. 2011. Occurrence of bisphenol A in indoor dust from two locations in the Eastern United States and implications for human exposures. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 61:68–73.10.1007/s00244-010-9634-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuno H, Kidani T, Sekiya K, Sakayama K, Shiosaka T, Yamamoto H, Honda K. 2002. Bisphenol A in combination with insulin can accelerate the conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. J Lipid Res. 43:676–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto A, Kunugita N, Kitagawa K, Isse T, Oyama T, Foureman GL, Morita M, Kawamoto T. 2003. Bisphenol A levels in human urine. Environ Health Perspect. 111:101–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medic Stojanoska M, Milankov A, Vukovic B, Vukcevic D, Sudji J, Bajkin I, Curic N, Icin T, Kovacev Zavisic B, Milic N. 2015. Do diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) influence the metabolic syndrome parameters? Pilot study Environ Monit Assess. 187:526.10.1007/s10661-015-4754-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeker JD, Ehrlich S, Toth TL, Wright DL, Calafat AM, Trisini AT, Ye X, Hauser R. 2010. Semen quality and sperm DNA damage in relation to urinary bisphenol A among men from an infertility clinic. Reprod Toxicol. 30:532–539.10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melzer D, Rice NE, Lewis C, Henley WE, Galloway TS. 2010. Association of urinary bisphenol a concentration with heart disease: evidence from NHANES 2003/06. PLoS ONE. 5:e8673.10.1371/journal.pone.0008673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merchant Research & Consulting, Ltd. 2014. Bisphenol A (BPA): 2014 world market outlook and forecast up to 2018. [cited 2016 Jul 1]. Available from: https://mcgroup.co.uk/news/20131108/bpa-production-grew-372000-tonnes.html
   Google Scholar
• Merchant Research & Consulting, Ltd. 2016. Bisphenol A (BPA): 2016 world market outlook and forecast up to 2020. [cited 2016 Jul 1]. Available from: https://marketpublishers.com/report/industry/chemicals_petrochemicals/bisphenol_a_world_market_outlook_n_forecast.html
   Google Scholar
• Milic N, Četojević-Simin D, Milanović M, Sudji J, Milošević N, Ćurić N, Abenavoli L, Medić-Stojanoska M. 2015. Estimation of in vivo and in vitro exposure to bisphenol A as food contaminant. Food Chem Toxicol. 83:268–274.10.1016/j.fct.2015.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milic N, Milanović M, Letić NG, Sekulić MT, Radonić J, Mihajlović I, Miloradov MV. 2013. Occurrence of antibiotics as emerging contaminant substances in aquatic environment. Int J Environ Health Res. 23:296–310.10.1080/09603123.2012.733934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health, Republic of Serbia [Ministarstvo zdravlja Republike Srbije]. 2004. Gojaznost. Nacionalni vodič za lekare u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti [Obesity. National guidelines for practitioners in primary health care]. [cited 2016 Jun 28]. Available from: http://www.zdravlje.gov.rs/downloads/2008/Sa%20Zdravlja/dokumenta/Vodici/GOJAZNOST.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mok-Lin E, Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Petrozza J, Wright DL, Calafat AM, Ye X, Hauser R. 2010. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and ovarian response among women undergoing IVF. Int J Androl. 33:385–393.10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro CA, Moubarac JC, Cannon G, Ng SW, Popkin B. 2013. Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system. Obes Rev. 14:21–28.10.1111/obr.2013.14.issue-s2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORMAN (Network of Reference Laboratories for Monitoring of Emerging Environmental Pollutants). 2009. The Norman database on emerging substances. [cited 2016 Jun 29]. Available from: http://www.norman-network.net
   Google Scholar
• Okada H, Tokunaga T, Liu X, Takayanagi S, Matsushima A, Shimohigashi Y. 2008. Direct evidence revealing structural elements essential for the high binding ability of bisphenol A to human estrogen-related receptor-gamma. Environ Health Perspect. 116:32–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsén L, Lind L, Lind PM. 2012. Associations between circulating levels of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites and coronary risk in the elderly. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 80:179–183.10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penza M, Montani C, Romani A, Vignolini P, Pampaloni B, Tanini A, Brandi ML, Alonso-Magdalena P, Nadal A, Ottobrini L, et al. 2006. Genistein affects adipose tissue deposition in a dose-dependent and gender-specific manner. Endocrinology. 147:5740–5751.10.1210/en.2006-0365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips ML. 2007. Phthalates and metabolism: exposure correlates with obesity and diabetes in men. Environ Health Perspect. 115:A312. PMCID: PMC1892143.10.1289/ehp.115-a312b
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly JJ, Armstrong J, Dorosty AR, Emmett PM, Ness A, Rogers I, Steer C, Sherriff A, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team. 2005. Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study. BMJ. 330:1357.10.1136/bmj.38470.670903.E0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudel RA, Gray JM, Engel CL, Rawsthorne TW, Dodson RE, Ackerman JM, Rizzo J, Nudelman JL, Brody JG. 2011. Food packaging and bisphenol A and bis(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate exposure: findings from a dietary intervention. Environ Health Perspect. 119:914–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rydén M, Arner P. 2007. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in human adipose tissue – from signalling mechanisms to clinical implications. J Intern Med. 262:431–438.10.1111/jim.2007.262.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonfelder G, Wittfoht W, Hopp H, Talsness CE, Paul M, Chahoud I. 2002. Parent bisphenol A accumulation in the human maternal-fetal-placental unit. Environ Health Perspect. 110:A703–A707.10.1289/ehp.021100703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar A, Teppala S. 2011. Relationship between urinary bisphenol A levels and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96:3822–3826.10.1210/jc.2011-1682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar A, Teppala S. 2012. Urinary bisphenol A and hypertension in a multiethnic sample of US adults. J Environ Public Health. 2012. 481641.
   Google Scholar
• Shankar A, Teppala S, Sabanayagam C. 2012a. Bisphenol A and peripheral arterial disease: results from the NHANES. Environ Health Perspect. 120:1297–1300.10.1289/ehp.1104114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar A, Teppala S, Sabanayagam C. 2012. Urinary bisphenol A levels and measures of obesity: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2003–2008. ISRN Endocrinol. 2012. 965243.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stahlhut RW, Welshons WV, Swan SH. 2009. Bisphenol A data in NHANES suggest longer than expected half-life, substantial nonfood exposure, or both. Environ Health Perspect. 117:784–789.10.1289/ehp.0800376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Ozaki Y, Sonta S, Makino T, Suzumori K. 2005. Exposure to bisphenol A is associated with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod. 20:2325–2329.10.1093/humrep/deh888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi T, Tsutsumi O, Ikezuki Y, Takai Y, Taketani Y. 2004. Positive relationship between androgen and the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A, in normal women and women with ovarian dysfunction. Endocr J. 51:165–169.10.1507/endocrj.51.165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teppala S, Madhavan S, Shankar A. 2012. Bisphenol A and metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES. Int J Endocrinol. 2012:1–5.10.1155/2012/598180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas P, Dong J. 2006. Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: a potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 102:175–179.10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.09.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson PD, Crouse SF, Goodpaster B, Kelley D, Moyna N, Pescatello L. 2001. The acute versus the chronic response to exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 33:S438–S445.10.1097/00005768-200106001-00012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trasande L, Attina TM, Blustein J. 2012. Association between urinary bisphenol A concentration and obesity prevalence in children and adolescents. JAMA. 308:1113–1121.10.1001/2012.jama.11461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR, Jr, Lee DH, Shioda T, Soto AM, vom Saal, FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT, et al. 2012. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev. 33:378–455.10.1210/er.2011-1050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vom Saal FS, Nagel SC, Coe BL, Angle BM, Taylor JA. 2012. The estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 354:74–84.10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Lu J, Xu M, Xu Y, Li M, Liu Y, Tian X, Chen Y, Dai M, Wang W, Lai S, et al. 2013. Urinary bisphenol a concentration and thyroid function in Chinese adults. Epidemiology. 24:295–302.10.1097/EDE.0b013e318280e02f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Xu M, Xu Y, Lu J, Li M, Chen Y, Wang W, Lai S, Bi Y, Ning G. 2015. Association of bisphenol A exposure with hypertension and early macrovascular diseases in Chinese adults. Medicine. 94:e1814.10.1097/MD.0000000000001814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Li M, Chen B, Xu M, Xu Y, Huang Y, Lu J, Chen Y, Wang W, Li X, Liu Y, et al. 2012. Urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentration associates with obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97:E223–E227.10.1210/jc.2011-1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS. 2006. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Can Med Assoc J. 174:801–809.10.1503/cmaj.051351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei J, Lin Y, Li Y, Ying C, Chen J, Song L, Zhou Z, Lv Z, Xia W, Chen X, Xu S. 2011. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A at reference dose predisposes offspring to metabolic syndrome in adult rats on a high-fat diet. Endocrinology. 152:3049–3061.10.1210/en.2011-0045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells EM, Jackson LW, Koontz MB. 2014. Association between bisphenol A and waist-to-height ratio among children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2010. Ann Epidemiol. 24:165–167.10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams EP, Mesidor M, Winters K, Dubbert PM, Wyatt SB. 2015. Overweight and obesity: prevalence, consequences, and causes of a growing public health problem. Curr Obes Rep. 4:363–370.10.1007/s13679-015-0169-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff MS, Anderson HA, Britton JA, Rothman N. 2007. Pharmacokinetic variability and modern epidemiology-the example of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, body mass index, and birth cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 16:1925–1930.10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff MS, Teitelbaum SL, Windham G, Pinney SM, Britton JA, Chelimo C, Godbold J, Biro F, Kushi LH, Pfeiffer CM, Calafat AM. 2007. Pilot study of urinary biomarkers of phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols in girls. Environ Health Perspect. 115:116–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2016. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet. [cited 2016 Jun 30]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
   Google Scholar
• Wyatt SB, Winters KP, Dubbert PM. 2006. Overweight and obesity: prevalence, consequences, and causes of a growing public health problem. Am J Med Sci. 331:166–174.10.1097/00000441-200604000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye X, Kuklenyik Z, Needham J, Calafat AM. 2006. Measuring environmental phenols and chlorinated organic chemicals in breast milk using automated on-line column-switching-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 831:110–115.10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye X, Pierik FH, Hauser R, Duty S, Angerer J, Park MM, Burdorf A, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Mackenbach JP, Steegers EAP, et al. 2008. Urinary metabolite concentrations of organophosphorous pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates among pregnant women in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: the generation R study. Environ Res. 108:260–267.10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafra A, del Olmo M, Suárez B, Hontoria E, Navalón A, Vílchez JL. 2003. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of bisphenol A and its chlorinated derivatives in urban wastewater. Water Res. 37:735–742.10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00413-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalko D, Jacques C, Duplan H, Bruel S, Perdu E. 2011. Viable skin efficiently absorbs and metabolizes bisphenol A. Chemosphere. 82:424–430.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar