References
- Azevedo PAA, Furlan JPR, Oliveira-Silva M, Nakamura-Silva R, Gomes CN, Costa KRC, Stehling EG, Pitondo-Silva A. 2018. Detection of virulence and β-lactamase encoding genes in Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 49 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):224–228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.009.
- Bengtsson-Palme J, Kristiansson E, Larsson DGJ. 2018. Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 42(1):fux053. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fux053.
- Berendonk TU, Manaia CM, Merlin C, Fatta-Kassinos D, Cytryn E, Walsh F, Bürgmann H, Sørum H, Norström M, Pons MN, et al. 2015. Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework. Nat Rev Microbiol. 13:310–317. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3439.
- Bevan ER, Jones AM, Hawkey PM. 2017. Global epidemiology of CTX-M β-lactamases: temporal and geographical shifts in genotype. J Antimicrob Chemother. 72(8):2145–2155. PMID: 28541467. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx146.
- Bush K, Jacoby GA. 2010. Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 54(3):969–976. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01009-09.
- Cabello FC, Tomova A, Ivanova L, Godfrey HP. 2017. Aquaculture and mcr colistin resistance determinants. mBio. 8:e01229–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01229-17.
- Carattoli A. 2013. Plasmids and the spread of resistance. Int J Med Microbiol. 303(6–7):298–304. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.02.001.
- Carroll LM, Gaballa A, Guldimann C, Sullivan G, Henderson LO, Wiedmann M. 2019. Identification of novel mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-9 in a multidrug-resistant, colistin-susceptible Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium isolate. mBio. 10:e00853–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00853-19.
- Conceição-Neto OC, Aires CAM, Pereira NF, LHJ DS, Picão RC, Siqueira BN, Albano RM, Asensi MD, Carvalho-Assef APD. 2017. Detection of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene in clinical KPC-2-producing Escherichia coli isolates in Brazil. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 50:282–284. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.003.
- D’Costa VM, King CE, Kalan L, Morar M, Sung WW, Schwarz C, Froese D, Zazula G, Calmels F, Debruyne R, et al. 2011. Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature. 477(7365):457–461. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10388.
- Dalmolin TV, de Lima-morales D, Barth AL. 2018. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance: what do we know? J Infect. 1:16–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1109.
- Fernandes MR, Moura Q, Sartori L, Silva KC, Cunha MP, Esposito F, Lopes R, Otutumi LK, Gonçalves DD, Dropa M, et al. 2016. Silent dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in South America could contribute to the global spread of the mcr-1 gene. Euro Surveill. 21(17):30214. doi:https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.17.30214.
- Fernandes MR, Sellera FP, Esposito F, Sabino CP, Cerdeira L, Lincopan N. 2017. Colistin-resistant mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli on public beaches, an infectious threat emerging in recreational waters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 61(7):e00234–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00234-17.
- Furlan JPR, de Almeida OGG, De Martinis ECP, Stehling EG. 2019. Characterization of an environmental multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter seifertii and comparative genomic analysis reveals co-occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and metal tolerance determinants. Front Microbiol. 10:2151. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02151.
- Furlan JPR, Stehling EG. 2017. Detection of β-lactamase encoding genes in feces, soil and water from a Brazilian pig farm. Environ Monit Assess. 190(2):76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6453-x.
- Furlan JPR, Stehling EG. 2019. Draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST189 carrying several acquired antimicrobial resistance genes obtained from Brazilian soil. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 17:321–322. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2019.05.018.
- Gillings MR, Gaze WH, Pruden A, Smalla K, Tiedje JM, Zhu YG. 2015. Using the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution. Isme J. 9:1269–1279. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.226.
- Heß S, Berendonk TU, Kneis D. 2018. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the bottom sediment of a small stream and the potential impact of remobilization. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 94:9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy128.
- Hille K, Fischer J, Falgenhauer L, Sharp H, Brenner GM, Kadlec K, Friese A, Schwarz S, Imirzalioglu C, Kietzmann M, et al. 2014. [On the occurence of extended-spectrum- and AmpC-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in livestock: results of selected European studies]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 127(9–10):403–411.
- Hölzel C, Bauer J, Stegherr EM, Schwaiger K. 2014. Presence of the vancomycin resistance gene cluster vanC1, vanXYc, and vanT in Enterococcus casseliflavus. Microb Drug Resist. 20(2):177–180. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2013.0108.
- Jacoby GA, Strahilevitz J, Hooper DC. 2014. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Microbiol Spectr. 2. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.PLAS-0006-2013.
- Jin L, Wang R, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Wang H. 2018. Emergence of mcr-1 and carbapenemase genes in hospital sewage water in Beijing, China. J Antimicrob Chemother. 73(1):84–87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx355.
- Kieffer N, Nordmann P, Moreno AM, Zanolli Moreno L, Chaby R, Breton A, Tissières P, Poirel L. 2018. Genetic and functional characterization of an MCR-3-like enzyme-producing Escherichia coli isolate recovered from Swine in Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 62(7):e00278–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00278-18.
- Krause KM, Serio AW, Kane TR, Connolly LE. 2016. Aminoglycosides: an Overview. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 6:a027029. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a027029.
- Li J, Shi X, Yin W, Wang Y, Shen Z, Ding S, Wang. 2017. A multiplex SYBR green real-time PCR assay for the detection of three colistin resistance genes from cultured bacteria, feces, and environment samples. Front Microbiol. 8:2078. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02078.
- Ling Z, Yin W, Li H, Zhang Q, Wang X, Wang Z, Ke Y, Wang Y, Shen J. 2017. Chromosome-mediated mcr-3 variants in Aeromonas veronii from chicken meat. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 61:e01272–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01272-17.
- Liu YY, Wang Y, Walsh TR, Yi LX, Zhang R, Spencer J, Doi Y, Tian G, Dong B, Huang X, et al. 2016. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 16:161–168. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7.
- Nordmann P, Poirel L. 2016. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance: an additional antibiotic resistance menace. Clin Microbiol Infect. 22(5):398–400. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.009.
- Ortega-Paredes D, Barba P, Zurita J. 2016. Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate harbouring the mcr-1 gene in Ecuador. Epidemiol Infec. 144(14):2967–2970. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816001369.
- Pallecchi L, Riccobono E, Sennati S, Mantella A, Bartalesi F, Trigoso C, Gotuzzo E, Bartoloni A, Rossolini GM. 2010. Characterization of small ColE-like plasmids mediating widespread dissemination of the qnrB19 gene in commensal enterobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 54(2):678–682. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01160-09.
- Poirel L, Jayol A, Nordmann P. 2017. Polymyxins: antibacterial activity, susceptibility testing, and resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes. Clin Microbiol Rev. 30(2):557–596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00064-16.
- Rafaï C, Frank T, Manirakiza A, Gaudeuille A, Mbecko JR, Nghario L, Serdouma E, Tekpa B, Garin B, Breurec S. 2015. Dissemination of IncF-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from surgical-site infections in Bangui, Central African Republic. BMC Microbiol. 15(1):15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0348-1.
- Rau RB, de Lima-Morales D, Wink PL, Ribeiro AR, Martins AF, Barth AL. 2018. Emergence of mcr- 1 producing Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from retail meat: first detection in Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 15:58–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2017.2346 1
- Riedel S, Boire N, Carson KA, Vadlamudi A, Khuvis J, Vadlamudi V, Atukorale V, Riedel VAA, Parrish NM. 2019. A survey of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the Chesapeake Bay and adjacent upper tributaries. MicrobiologyOpen. 8(9):e00839. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.839.
- Roberts MC, Schwarz S. 2016. Tetracycline and phenicol resistance genes and mechanisms: importance for agriculture, the environment, and humans. J Environ Qual. 45(2):576–592. doi:https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.04.0207.
- Rossi F, Girardello R, Morais C, Cury AP, Martins LF, da Silva AM, Abdala E, Setubal JC, da Silva Duarte AJ. 2017. Plasmid-mediated mcr-1 in carbapenem-susceptible Escherichia coli ST156 causing a blood infection: an unnoticeable spread of colistin resistance in Brazil? Clinics (Sao Paulo). 72(10):642–644. doi:https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(10)09.
- Sanchez DG, de Melo FM, Savazzi EA, Stehling EG. 2018. Detection of different β-lactamases encoding genes, including blaNDM, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in different water sources from Brazil. Environ Monit Assess. 190(7):407. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6801-5.
- Suay-García B, Pérez-Gracia MT. 2019. Present and future of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. Antibiotics (Basel). 8(3):E122. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030122.
- Sun J, Li XP, Fang LX, Sun RY, He YZ, Lin J, Liao XP, Feng Y, Liu YH. 2018. Co-occurrence of mcr-1 in the chromosome and on an IncHI2 plasmid: persistence of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 51(6):842–847. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.01.007.
- Tiedje JM, Wang F, Manaia CM, Virta M, Sheng HJ, Ma LP, Zhang T, Topp E. 2019. Antibiotic resistance genes in the human-impacted environment: A one health perspective. Pedosphere. 29(3):273–282. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60062-1.
- Wang R, van Dorp L, Shaw LP, Bradley P, Wang Q, Wang X, Jin L, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Rieux A, et al. 2018a. The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Nat Commun. 9(1):1179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03205-z.
- Wang X, Zhai W, Li J, Liu D, Zhang Q, Shen Z, Wang S, Wang Y. 2018b. Presence of an mcr-3 variant in Aeromonas caviae, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli from one domestic duck. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 62:e02106–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02106-17.
- WHO. 2015. Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. Accessed 2020 May 22. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/193736/9789241509763_eng.pdf?sequence=1
- Wise MG, Estabrook MA, Sahm DF, Stone GG, Kazmierczak KM. 2018. Prevalence of mcr-type genes among colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae collected in 2014-2016 as part of the INFORM global surveillance program. PLoS One. 13:e0195281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195281.
- Yang YQ, Li YX, Lei CW, Zhang AY, Wang HN. 2018. Novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-7.1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 73:1791–1795. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky111.
- Yin W, Li H, Shen Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Shen Z, Zhang R, Walsh TR, Shen J, Wang Y. 2017. Novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in Escherichia coli. MBio. 8:e00543–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00543-17.
- Zhang Y, Gu AZ, Cen T, Li X, He M, Li D, Chen J. 2018. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of heavy metals facilitate the horizontal transfer of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance genes in water environment. Environ Pollut. 237:74–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.032.
- Zheng B, Huang C, Xu H, Guo L, Zhang J, Wang X, Jiang X, Yu X, Jin L, Li X, et al. 2017. Occurrence and genomic characterization of ESBL-producing, MCR-1-harboring Escherichia coli in farming soil. Front Microbiol. 8:2510. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02510.
- Zurfluh K, Power KA, Klumpp J, Wang J, Fanning S, Stephan R. 2015. A novel Tn3-like composite transposon harboring blaVIM-1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae isolated from river water. Microb Drug Resist. 21(1):43–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2014.0055.