Surveillance of bacterial load and multi-drug resistant bacteria on bedsheets in a primary health care unit

References

• Akil L, Ahmad HA, Reddy RS. 2014. Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 11(12):974–980. doi:10.1089/fpd.2014.1802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen BM. 2019. Prevention and control of infections in hospitals. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson DJ, Hervé R, Chen LF, Spelman DW, Hung YJ, Huang AT, Sexton DJ, Raoul D. 2008. Seasonal variation in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection on 4 continents. J Infect Dis. 197(5):752–756. doi:10.1086/527486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakterij A. 2014. An overview of the influence of stainless-steel surface properties on bacterial adhesion. Mater Technol. 48:609–617.
   Google Scholar
• Bureau-Chalot F, Piednoir E, Camus J, Bajolet O. 2004. Microbiologic quality of linen and linen rooms in short-term care units. J Hosp Infect. 56(4):329–331. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.01.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cataño JC, Echeverri LM, Szela C. 2012. Bacterial contamination of clothes and environmental items in a third-level hospital in Colombia. Int Pers Infect Dis. 2012:1–5. doi:10.1155/2012/507640.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers HF, DeLeo FR. 2009. Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nature Rev Microbiol. 7(9):629–641. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chia PY, Sengupta S, Kukreja A, Ponnampalavanar SS, Ng OT, Marimuthu K. 2020. The role of hospital environment in transmissions of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms. Antimicrob Res Infect Cont. 9(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s13756-020-0685-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinn RY, Sehulster L. 2003. Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities; recommendations of CDC and Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) 2003. https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/pdf/guidelines/environmental-guidelines-P.pdf. Access data: 23rd May 2021
   Google Scholar
• Chugh TD. 2014. Hospital infection control – are we serious? Med Update. 2:74–77.
   Google Scholar
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2018. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria: informational Suppl. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). [accesssed 2021 May 23]. https://clsi.org/media/2663/m100ed29_sample.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cloutier M, Mantovani D, Rosei F. 2015. Antibacterial coatings: challenges, perspectives, and opportunities. Trends Biotechnol. 33(11):637–652. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creamer E, Humphreys H. 2008. The contribution of beds to healthcare-associated infection: the importance of adequate decontamination. J Hosp Infect. 69(1):8–23. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2008.01.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dailiana ZH, Rigopoulos N, Varitimidis SE, Poultsides L, Petinaki E, Malizos KN. 2008. Clinical and epidemiological features of upper- extremity infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus carrying the PVL gene: a four-year study in Greece. Med Sci Monit. 14(10):11–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eber MR, Shardell M, Schweizer ML, Laxminarayan R, Perencevich EN. 2011. Seasonal and temperature-associated increases in gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections among hospitalized patients. PloS One. 6(9):1–6. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards NWM, Best EL, Connell SD, Goswami P, Carr CM, Wilcox MH, Russell SJ. 2017. Role of surface energy and nano-roughness in the removal efficiency of bacterial contamination by nonwoven wipes from frequently touched surfaces. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 18(1):197–209. doi:10.1080/14686996.2017.1288543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk PS, Winnike J, Woodmansee C, Desai M, Mayhall CG. 2000. Outbreak of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in a burn unit. Infect Cont Hosp Epidemiol. 9(9):575–582. doi:10.1086/501806.
   Google Scholar
• Foster TJ. 2017. Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Current status and future prospects. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 41(3):430–449. doi:10.1093/femsre/fux007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedrich AW. 2019. Control of hospital acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance in Europe: the way to go. Wien Med Wochenschr. 169(1):25–30. doi:10.1007/s10354-018-0676-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gastmeier P, Schwab F, Ba¨rwolff S, Ruden H, Grundmann H. 2006. Correlation between the genetic diversity of nosocomial pathogens and their survival time in intensive care units. J Hosp Infect. 62(2):181–186. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, Wang J, Wang Y. 2020. Prevalence and therapies of antibiotic-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:1–11. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambraeus A. 1973. Transfer of Staphylococcus aureus via nurses’ uniforms. J Hyg (Lond). 71(4):799–814. doi:10.1017/S0022172400023068.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han JH, Sullivan N, Leas BF, Pegues DA, Kaczmarek JL, Umscheid CA. 2015. Cleaning hospital room surfaces to prevent health care-associated infections: a technical brief. Ann Intern Med. 163(8):598–607. doi:10.7326/M15-1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan MZ, Sturm-Ramirez K, Rahman MZ, Hossain K, Aleem MA, Bhuiyan MU, Islam MM, Rahman M, Gurley ES. 2019. Contamination of hospital surfaces with respiratory pathogens in Bangladesh. PloS One. 14(10):1–10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J, Ben Maamar S, Glawe AJ, Gottel N, Gilbert JA, Hartmann EM. 2019. Impacts of indoor surface finishes on bacterial viability. Indoor Air. 4(4):551–562. doi:10.1111/ina.12558.
   Google Scholar
• Huang SS, Datta R, Platt R. 2006. Risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from prior room occupants. Arch Int Med. 166(18):1945–1951. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.18.1945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaimal S, D’Souza M, Kumari R, Parija SC, Sistla S, Badhe BA. 2009. Dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans revisited: our experience with 37 patients in South India. Int J Dermatol. 48(10):1082–1090. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04156.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kembel SW, Jones E, Kline J, Northcutt D, Stenson J, Womack AM, Green JL. 2012. Architectural design influences the diversity and structure of the built environment microbiome. ISME J. 6(8):1469–1479. doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klug TE. 2014. Incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess: the influence of season, age, and gender. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 33(7):1163–1167. doi:10.1007/s10096-014-2052-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kot B, Wierzchowska K, Piechota M, Grużewska A. 2020. Antimicrobial resistance patterns in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from patients hospitalized during 2015–2017 in hospitals in Poland. Med Princ Pract. 29(1):61–68. doi:10.1159/000501788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lax S, Smith D, Sangwan N, Handley K, Larsen P, Richardson M, Gilbert JA. 2017. Colonization and succession of hospital-associated microbiota. Sci Transl Med. 9(391):1–11. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aah6500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leekha S, Diekema DJ, Perencevich EN. 2012. Seasonality of staphylococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 18(10):927–933. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03955.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Cao X, Ge H, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Zheng W. 2018. Targeted surveillance of nosocomial infection in intensive care units of 176 hospitals in Jiangsu province, China. J Hosp Infect. 99(1):36–41. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malnick S, Bardenstein R, Huszar M, Gabbay J, Borkow G. 2008. Pyjamas and sheets as a potential source of nosocomial pathogens. J Hosp Infect. 70(1):89–92. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2008.05.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousavi MS, Hadei M, Majlesi M, Hopke PK, Yarahmadi M, Emam B, Shahsavani A. 2019. Investigating the effect of several factors on concentrations of bioaerosols in a well-ventilated hospital environment. Environ Monit Assess. 191(7):1–11. doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7559-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandi S, Kumar R, Ray P, Vohra H, Ganguly NK. 2001. Group A Streptococcal sore throat in a periurban population of northern India: a one-year prospective study. B World Health Organ. 79:528–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen JL, Schwartz J, Dockery DW. 2014. The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature, apparent temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity. Indoor Air. 24(1):103–112. doi:10.1111/ina.12052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hanlon J, Enright C. 2009. A novel bactericidal fabric coating with potent in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int J Antimicrob Agents. 33(5):427–431. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.10.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onmek N, Kongcharoen J, Singtong A, Penjumrus A, Junnoo S. 2020. Environmental factors and ventilation affect concentrations of microorganisms in hospital wards of Southern Thailand. J Environ Pub Health. 2020:1–8. doi:10.1155/2020/7292198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otter JA, Yezli S, Salkeld JA, French GL. 2013. Evidence that contaminated surfaces contribute to the transmission of hospital pathogens and an overview of strategies to address contaminated surfaces in hospital settings. Am J Infect Cont. 41(5):6–11. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.12.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panagea S, Winstanley C, Walshaw MJ, Ledson MJ, Hart CA. 2005. Environmental contamination with an epidemic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Liverpool cystic fibrosis centre, and study of its survival on dry surfaces. J Hosp Infect. 59(2):102–107. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.09.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendleton JN, Gorman SP, Gilmore BF. 2013. Clinical relevance of the ESKAPE pathogens. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 11(3):297–308. doi:10.1586/eri.13.12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qaday J, Sariko M, Mwakyoma A, Kifaro E, Mosha D, Tarimo R, Nyombi B, Shao E. 2015. Bacterial contamination of medical doctors and students’ white coats at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Int J Bacteriol. 2015:1–5. doi:10.1155/2015/507890.
   Google Scholar
• Rampling A, Wiseman S, Davis L, Hyett AP, Walbridge AN, Payne GC, Cornaby AJ. 2001. Evidence that hospital hygiene is important in the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect. 49(2):109–116. doi:10.1053/jhin.2001.1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieber G, Jiang J, Deter C, Chen N, Mitschang P. 2013. Influence of textile parameters on the in-plane permeability. Compos A Appl Sci Manufact. 52:89–98. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogina-Car B, Kovačević S, Schwarz I, Dimitrovski K. 2020. Microbial barrier properties of cotton fabric—influence of weave architecture. Polymers. 12(7):1570. doi:10.3390/polym12071570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab F, Gastmeier P, Meyer E. 2014. The warmer the weather, the more gram-negative bacteria-impact of temperature on clinical isolates in intensive care units. PloS ONE. 9(9):1–12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091105.
   Google Scholar
• Shams AM, Rose LJ, Edwards JR, Cali S, Harris AD, Jacob JT, Noble-Wang JA. 2016. Assessment of the overall and multidrug-resistant organism bioburden on environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities. Infect Cont Hosp Epidemiol. 37(12):1426–1432. doi:10.1017/ice.2016.198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiomori T, Miyamoto H, Makishima K, Yoshida M, Fujiyoshi T, Udaka T, Inaba T, Hiraki N. 2002. Evaluation of bedmaking-related airborne and surface methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination. J Hosp Infect. 50(1):30–35. doi:10.1053/jhin.2001.1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang JW. 2009. The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents. J R Soc Interface. 6:737–746. doi:10.1098/rsif.2009.0227.focus.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tissera K, Liyanapathirana V, Dissanayake N, Pinto V, Ekanayake A, Tennakoon M, Adasooriya D, Nanayakkara D. 2017. Spread of resistant gram negatives in a Sri Lankan intensive care unit. BMC Infect Dis. 490(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2590-7.
   Google Scholar
• Weather Underground: Weather Forecast & Reports for Delhi, India. [accessed 2020 Jan 5]. https://www.wunderground.com
   Google Scholar
• Wu H, Shen F, Wang J, Wan Y. 2018. Membrane fouling in vacuum membrane distillation for ionic liquid recycling: interaction energy analysis with the XDLVO approach. J Membr Sci. 550:436–447. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanetti G, Blanc DS, Federli I, Raffoul W, Petignat C, Maravic P, Francioli P, Berger MM. 2007. Importation of Acinetobacter baumannii into a burn unit: a recurrent outbreak of infection associated with widespread environmental contamination. Infect Cont Hosp Epidemiol. 28(6):723–725. doi:10.1086/517956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarb P, Coignard B, Griskeviciene J, Muller A, Vankerckhoven V, Weist K, Goossens M. 2012. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) pilot point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use. Euro Surveill. 17(46):1–16. doi:10.2807/ese.17.46.20316-en.
   Google Scholar