The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in honey: Global systematic review and meta-analysis and risk assessment

References

• Abbas MM, Almasri M, Abu-Zant A, Sharef S, Mahajne S, Kananbi K. 2023. Prevalence of anterior nares colonization of Palestinian diabetic patients with Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(4):32–41. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i4.1380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghamirlou HM, Khadem M, Rahmani A, Sadeghian M, Mahvi AH, Akbarzadeh A, Nazmara S. 2015. Heavy metals determination in honey samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 13(1):1–8. doi: 10.1186/s40201-015-0189-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ajtony Z, Bencs L, Haraszi R, Szigeti J, Szoboszlai N. 2007. Study on the simultaneous determination of some essential and toxic trace elements in honey by multi-element graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta. 71(2):683–690. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alqarni AS, Owayss AA, Mahmoud AA, Hannan MA. 2014. Mineral content and physical properties of local and imported honeys in Saudi Arabia. J Saudi Chem Soc. 18(5):618–625. doi: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atamaleki A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Fakhri Y, Mahdipour F, Khodakarim S, Khaneghah AM. 2019. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the onion and tomato irrigated by wastewater: a systematic review; meta-analysis and health risk assessment. Food Res Int. 125:108518. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai S, Wang S, Qin D, Gao L, Hao Q, Du N, Wang P. 2023. Elemental analysis of wild Eriocheir sinensis: Determining the geographic origin and human health risk assessment. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(4):133–142. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i4.1328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bambina P, Malvano F, Cinquanta C, Albanese D, Cirrito A, Mazza F, Corona O. 2023. Qualitative characteristics of four Sicilian monofloral honeys from Apis mellifera ssp. sicula. Ital J Food Saf. 35(1):41–48. doi: 10.15586/ijfs.v35i1.2219.
   Google Scholar
• Basso ABG, Ali S, Corassin CH, Rosim RE, de Oliveria CAF. 2023. Individual and combined decontamination effect of fermentation and ultrasound on aflatoxin B1 in wheat-based doughs: A preliminary study. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(3):96–103. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i3.1244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belluco S, Bertola M, Montarsi F, Di Martino G, Granato A, Stella R, Martinello M, Bordin F, Mutinelli F. 2023. Insects and Public Health: an Overview. Insects. 14(3):240. doi: 10.3390/insects14030240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilandžić N, Sedak M, Đokić M, Kolanović BS, Varenina I, Božić Đ, Šimić B, Končurat A, Brstilo M. 2012. Lead content in multifloral honey from central Croatia over a three-year period. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 88(6):985–989. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0585-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogdanov S, Haldimann M, Luginbühl W, Gallmann P. 2007. Minerals in honey: environmental, geographical and botanical aspects. J Apic Res. 46(4):269–275. doi: 10.1080/00218839.2007.11101407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai S, Zeng B, Li C. 2023. Potential health risk assessment of metals in the muscle of seven wild fish species from the Wujiangdu reservoir, China. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(1):73–83. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i1.1121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Li C, Liu X, Su Y, Sun Z, Yuan L, Wang S. 2023. Near-infrared spectroscopy of Chinese soy sauce for quality evaluation. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(1):139–151. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i1.1177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua LS, Abdul-Rahaman N-L, Sarmidi MR, Aziz R. 2012. Multi-elemental composition and physical properties of honey samples from Malaysia. Food Chem. 135(3):880–887. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham MM, Tran L, CG M, Polo RO, Newman T, Lansing L, Griffiths JS, Bilodeau GJ, Rott M, Guarna MM. 2022. Honey bees as biomonitors of environmental contaminants, pathogens, and climate change. Ecol Indic. 134:108457. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhahir SA, Hemed AH. 2015. Determination of heavy metals and trace element levels in honey samples from different regions of Iraq and compared with other kind. American J Appl Chem. 3(3):83–92. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20150303.11.
   Google Scholar
• Diaz-Basantes MF, Conesa JA, Fullana A. 2020. Microplastics in honey, beer, milk and refreshments in Ecuador as emerging contaminants. Sustainability. 12(14):5514. doi: 10.3390/su12145514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Fiore C, De Cristofaro A, Nuzzo A, Notardonato I, Ganassi S, Iafigliola L, Sardella G, Ciccone M, Nugnes D, Passarella S. 2023. Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and plasticizers residues: Role of bees and honey as bioindicators of environmental contamination. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 30(15):44234–44250. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25339-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. 2017. Toxicity of metal compounds: knowledge and myths. Organometallics. 36(21):4071–4090. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einolghozati M, Talebi-Ghane E, Khazaei M, Mehri F. 2023. The level of heavy metal in fresh and processed fruits: a study meta-analysis, systematic review, and health risk assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res. 201(5):2582–2596. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03332-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elafify M, Marwa E-T, Sallam KI, Sadoma NM, Abd-Elghany SM, Abdelkhalek A, El-Baz AH. 2023. Heavy metal residues in milk and some dairy products with insight into their health risk assessment and the role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in reducing the lead and cadmium load in cheese. Food Chem Adv. 2:100261. doi: 10.1016/j.focha.2023.100261.
   Google Scholar
• Emami MH, Saberi F, Mohammadzadeh S, Fahim A, Abdolvand M, Dehkordi SAE, Mohammadzadeh S, Maghool F. 2023. A review of heavy metals accumulation in red meat and meat products in the Middle East. J Food Protection. 86(3):100048. doi: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakhri Y, Abtahi M, Atamaleki A, Raoofi A, Atabati H, Asadi A, Miri A, Shamloo E, Alinejad A, Keramati H. 2019. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in honey: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and risk assessment. Trends Food Sci Technol. 91:498–506. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farisi P, Mogaddam MRA, Farajzadeh MA, Nemati M. 2023. Development of salt-induced homogenous liquid-liquid extraction based on ternary deep eutectic solvent coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of heavy metals in honey. J Food Compos Anal. 117:105107. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feás X, Pires J, Iglesias A, Estevinho ML. 2010. Characterization of artisanal honey produced on the Northwest of Portugal by melissopalynological and physico-chemical data. Food Chem Toxicol. 48(12):3462–3470. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan Y, Li L, Zhang L, Yan S, Gao C, Hu S, Qiao Y, Tang S, Wang C, Lu Z. 2018. Association between shift work and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Carcinogenesis. 39(2):87–97. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgx129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao L, Huang X, Wang P, Chen Z, Hao Q, Bai S, Tang S, Li C, Qin D. 2022. Concentrations and health risk assessment of 24 residual heavy metals in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(1):82–91. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i1.1034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geyik ÖG, Tekin-Cakmak ZH, Shamanin VP, Karasu S, Pototskaya IV, Shepelev SS, Chursin AS, Morgounov AI, Yaman M, Sagdic O. 2023. Effects of phenolic compounds of colored wheats on colorectal cancer cell lines. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(4):21–31. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i4.1354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghane ET, Khanverdiluo S, Mehri F. 2022. The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the breast milk of mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 73:126998. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghane ET, Poormohammadi A, Khazaei S, Mehri F. 2022. Concentration of potentially toxic elements in vegetable oils and health risk assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 200(1):437–446. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02645-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulcin İ, Alwasel SH. 2022. Metal ions, metal chelators and metal chelating assay as antioxidant method. Processes. 10(1):132. doi: 10.3390/pr10010132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gul N, Muzaffar K, Shah SZA, Assad A, Makroo HA, Dar B. 2024. Deep learning hyperspectral imaging: a rapid and reliable alternative to conventional techniques in the testing of food quality and safety. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 16(1):78–97. doi: 10.15586/qas.v16i1.1392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamad GM, Hafez EE, Abdelmotilib NM, KM A, Ali SH, Darwish AM. 2020. Quality Assessment, Functional Potentials, and Safety Evaluation of Stored Egyptian Honey as an Environmental Pollution Bioindicator. Environ Toxicol Chem. 39(10):1894–1907. doi: 10.1002/etc.4811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hungerford NL, Fletcher MT, Tsai HH, Hnatko D, Swann LJ, Kelly CL, Anuj SR, Tinggi U, Webber DC, Were ST. 2021. Occurrence of environmental contaminants (pesticides, herbicides, PAHs) in Australian/Queensland Apis mellifera honey. Food Addit Contam. 14(3):193–205. doi: 10.1080/19393210.2021.1914743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu L, Wang X, Zou Y, Wu D, Gao G, Zhong Z, Liu Y, Hu S, Fan H, Zhang B. 2022. Effects of inorganic and organic selenium intervention on resistance of radish to arsenic stress. Ital J Food Saf. 34(1):44–58. doi: 10.15586/ijfs.v34i1.2105.
   Google Scholar
• Islam MN, Khalil MI, Islam MA, Gan SH. 2014. Toxic compounds in honey. J Appl Toxicol. 34(7):733–742. doi: 10.1002/jat.2952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang M, Zheng S. 2022. Geniposide inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell migration and angiogenesis by regulating PPARγ/VEGF-A pathway. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(1):46–54. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i1.1016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khazaei S, Talebi Ghane E, Bashirian S, Mehri F. 2023. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fruit juices: a global systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 103(6):1259–1271. doi: 10.1080/03067319.2021.1873309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieliszek M, Piwowarek K, Kot AM, Wojtczuk M, Roszko M, Bryła M, Trajkovska Petkoska A. 2023. Recent advances and opportunities related to the use of bee products in food processing. New Jersey, USA: Food Science & Nutrition.
   Google Scholar
• Lambert O, Veyrand B, Durand S, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Piroux M, Puyo S, Thorin C, Delbac F, Pouliquen H. 2012. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: bees, honey and pollen as sentinels for environmental chemical contaminants. Chemosphere. 86(1):98–104. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang Y, Cheng Y, Yang H, Chen Q, Liu Q, Wang X, Bian P, Yang X. 2022. Study on identification of red jujube origin by multi-element analysis. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(4):178–187. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i4.1139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan T, Hu Y, Cheng L, Chen L, Guan X, Yang Y, Guo Y, Pan J. 2022. Floods and diarrheal morbidity: evidence on the relationship, effect modifiers, and attributable risk from Sichuan Province, China. J Glob Health. 12:12. doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.11007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Chen Y, Xiang Q, Xiang J, Tang Y, Tang L. 2020. 5HTTLPR polymorphism and postpartum depression risk: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(39):e22319. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Jing R, Wang L, Wu N, Guo Z. 2023. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cadmium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L): a meta-analysis. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(2):59–70. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Luo J, Liu L, Fu H, Tang L. 2018. The genetic association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and Parkinson disease: A meta-Analysis of 47 studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(43):e12884. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo C, Sun J, Tan Y, Xiong L, Peng B, Peng G, Bai X. 2022. Comparison of the health risks associated with exposure to toxic metals and metalloids following consumption of freshwater catches in China. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(4):1–12. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i4.1117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado De-Melo AA, Almeida-Muradian L, Sancho MT, Pascual-Maté A. 2018. Composition and properties of Apis mellifera honey: A review. Journal Of Apicultural Research. 57(1):5–37. doi: 10.1080/00218839.2017.1338444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackin C, Dahiya D, Nigam PS. 2023. Honey as a natural nutraceutical: Its combinational therapeutic strategies applicable to blood infections—Septicemia, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, Malaria. Pharmaceuticals. 16(8):1154. doi: 10.3390/ph16081154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• mEPA. 2009. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 2009. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS), Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment). https://www.epa.gov/risk/risk-assessment-guidance-superfund-rags-part-f.
   Google Scholar
• mEPA. 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook. file:///C:/Users/Markazi__PC/Desktop/EFH-CHAPTER08.PDF. p. 15.
   Google Scholar
• mEPA. 2016. USEPA, 2016. Integrated risk information system. https://www.epa.gov/iris/.
   Google Scholar
• Michalski R. 2016. Application of IC-MS and IC-ICP-MS in environmental research. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA. 2015. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 4(1):1–9. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• mUSEPA. 2005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Human Health Risk Assessment. USA. 15–19. https://www.epa.gov/risk/human-health-risk-assessment.
   Google Scholar
• Nie G, Tu T, Hu L, Wu L, Zhou Y. 2023. Accumulation characteristics and evaluation of heavy metals in soils and vegetables of plastic-covered sheds in typical red soil areas of China. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(3):22–35. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i3.1222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowak L, Dziezyc H, Piotrowski M. 2011. Content of bioelements and toxic metals in honey of various botanical orgin from Lower Silesia. J Elem. 16(3). doi: 10.5601/jelem.2011.16.3.08.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orisakwe OE, Ozoani HA, Nwaogazie IL, Ezejiofor AN. 2019. Probabilistic health risk assessment of heavy metals in honey, Manihot esculenta, and Vernonia amygdalina consumed in Enugu State, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess. 191(7):1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7549-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oroian M, Prisacaru A, Hretcanu EC, Stroe S-G, Leahu A, Buculei A. 2016. Heavy metals profile in honey as a potential indicator of botanical and geographical origin. Int J Food Prop. 19(8):1825–1836. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1107578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özlü H. 2024. Occurrence, dietary exposure and risk assessment to aflatoxins in red pepper flakes from Southeast of Türkiye. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 16(1):69–77. doi: 10.15586/qas.v16i1.1416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieralisi S, Canonico C, Di Lullo S, Angelico G, Cardinali G, Rocchegiani E, Maiolatesi D, Ottaviani D. 2023. Effectiveness of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus to contain Escherichia coli on milk and temperature impact on predation dynamics. Ital J Food Saf. 35(2):80–87. doi: 10.15586/ijfs.v35i2.2324.
   Google Scholar
• Pipoyan D, Stepanyan S, Beglaryan M, Stepanyan S, Asmaryan S, Hovsepyan A, Merendino N. 2020. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of trace elements and POPs in honey from Shirak and Syunik regions of Armenia. Chemosphere. 239:124809. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pires RC, Portinari MR, Moraes GZ, Khaneghah AM, Gonçalves BL, Rosim RE, Oliveira CA, Corassin CH. 2022. Evaluation of Anti-Aflatoxin M1 effects of heat-killed cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Brazilian commercial yogurts. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(1):75–81. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i1.1006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin Y, Huang C, Huang G, Li H, Shohag M, Gu M, Shen F, Lu D, Zhang M, Wei Y. 2023. Relative bioavailability of selenium in rice using a rat model and its application to human health risk assessment. Environ Pollut. 338:122675. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi A, Talebi-Ghane E, Heshmati A, Ranjbar A, Mehri F. 2023. Content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in coffee and coffee-based products: a meta-analysis study. Syst Review, And Health Risk Assessment Drug And Chem. Toxicology.1–9. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2193354.
   Google Scholar
• Scivicco M, Squillante J, Velotto S, Esposito F, Cirillo T, Severino L. 2022. Dietary exposure to heavy metals through polyfloral honey from Campania region (Italy). J Food Compos Anal. 114:104748. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamanin VP, Tekin-Cakmak ZH, Karasu S, Pototskaya IV, Gordeeva EI, Verner AO, Morgounov AI, Yaman M, Sagdic O, Koksel H. 2024. Antioxidant activity, anthocyanin profile, and mineral compositions of colored wheats. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 16(1):98–107. doi: 10.15586/qas.v16i1.1414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoaei F, Talebi-Ghane E, Ranjbar A, Mehri F. 2023. Evaluation of antibiotic residues in honey: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Health Res. 34(2):1–12. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2197285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song W, Lv W, Bi N, Wang G. 2023. Tectorigenin suppresses the viability of gastric cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(3):117–125. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i3.1357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stankovska E, Stafilov T, R Š. 2008. Monitoring of trace elements in honey from the Republic of Macedonia by atomic absorption spectrometry. Environ Monit Assess. 142(1–3):117–126. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9913-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ. 2012. Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Mol, clinical and environ toxicol. 3:133–164.
   Google Scholar
• Tenge BN, Muiru WM, Kimenju JW, Schwake-Anduschus C, Kimaru SL, Nkonge C. 2022. Verification of the Accuscan gold reader and RIDA smart phone application rapid test kits in detection and quantification of aflatoxin levels in maize from selected regions in Kenya. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(4):125–135. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i4.1118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tette PAS, Guidi LR, de Abreu Glória MB, Fernandes C. 2016. Pesticides in honey: a review on chromatographic analytical methods. Talanta. 149:124–141. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakaew R, Chaiklangmuang S. 2023. Aflatoxin B1 elimination in low-grade maize by co-influence of heat and chemical treatment. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(3):55–67. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i3.1233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toplu MS, Tuncer BÖ. 2023. Evaluation of the functional properties and safety of enterocin-producing Enterococcus faecium BT29. 11 Isolated from Turkish Beyaz Cheese and Its Inhibitory Activity against Listeria monocytogenes in UHT Whole Milk: English. Ital J Food Saf. 35(2):54–70. doi: 10.15586/ijfs.v35i2.2316.
   Google Scholar
• Ullah R, Jan FA, Gulab H, Saleem S, Ullah N, Wajidullah. 2022. Metals contents in honey, beeswax and bees and human health risk assessment due to consumption of honey: a case study from selected districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 82(3):341–354. doi: 10.1007/s00244-021-00910-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincevica-Gaile Z, Klavins M, Rudovica V, Viksna A. 2012. Geographical dissemination of trace and major elements in honey. Sustainability. 3:211–220.
   Google Scholar
• Wang M, Dai L, Yan W, Chen Y, Wang Y. 2022. Brusatol inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells and reduces HIF-1α/VEGF expression and glycolysis under hypoxia. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(4):13–22. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i4.1141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Yu M, Fu Y, Li L, Meng X, Yang J, He M, Sun M. 2024. Quality assessment of black ginseng materials utilizing chemometrics and modeling inflammation in Zebrafish. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 16(1):23–37. doi: 10.15586/qas.v16i1.1389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang J, Mlambo R, Shaw I, Seid Y, Shah H, He Y, Kpegah JK, Tan S, Zhou W, He B. 2023. Cryopreservation of bioflavonoid-rich plant sources and bioflavonoid-microcapsules: emerging technologies for preserving bioactivity and enhancing nutraceutical applications. Front Nutr. 10. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1232129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong J, Chen F, Zhang J, Ao W, Zhou X, Yang H, Wu Z, Wu L, Wang C, Qiu Y. 2022. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in three types of milk from Xinjiang, China, and the risk of exposure for milk consumers in different age-sex groups. Foods. 11(23):3922. doi: 10.3390/foods11233922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousefi M, Shemshadi G, Khorshidian N, Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi V, Fakhri Y, Hosseini H, Khaneghah AM. 2018. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of edible vegetable oils in Iran: a risk assessment study. Food Chem Toxicol. 118:480–489. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamanpour S, Noori SMA, Yancheshmeh BS, Afshari A, Hashemi M. 2023. A systematic review to introduce the most effective postbiotics derived from probiotics for aflatoxin detoxification in vitro. Ital J Food Saf. 35(4):31–49. doi: 10.15586/ijfs.v35i4.2369.
   Google Scholar
• Zaynab M, Al-Yahyai R, Ameen A, Sharif Y, Ali L, Fatima M, Khan KA, Li S. 2022. Health and environmental effects of heavy metals. J King Saud Univ-Sci. 34(1):101653. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zergui A, Boudalia S, Joseph ML. 2023. Heavy metals in honey and poultry eggs as indicators of environmental pollution and potential risks to human health. J Food Compos Anal. 119:105255. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Jiang Z, Han L, Wu X. 2024. Dissipation kinetics, residue level, and risk assessment of chlorantraniliprole in Rosa roxburghii and its residue removal using household decontamination technique. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 16(1):108–120. doi: 10.15586/qas.v16i1.1427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Costa M. 2020. Metals and molecular carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 41(9):1161–1172. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu BJ, Nai GY, Pan TX, Ma ZF, Zhou WJ. 2023. Combining network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of action of Sedum aizoon L in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 15(3):104–116. doi: 10.15586/qas.v15i3.1333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Živkov BM, Mihaljev Ž, Popov N, Jakšić S, Ljubojević PD, Pelić M, Polaček V. 2021. Toxic elements in Serbian sunflower honey originating from various regions. Bio Anim Husb. 37(2):149–160. doi: 10.2298/BAH2102149Z.
   Google Scholar
• Zoghi A, Salimi M, Mirmahdi RS, Massoud R, Khosravi-Darani K, Mohammadi R, Rouhi M, Tripathy AD. 2022. Effect of pretreatments on bioremoval of metals and subsequent exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods. 14(3):145–155. doi: 10.15586/qas.v14i3.1012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar