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Original Articles

Racing bodies: dress and pioneer women aviators and racing drivers

Pages 299-326 | Published online: 19 Dec 2006

Notes

  • A few women drivers had raced and taken part in hill climbing trials before this date, notably Camille du Gast, who took part in the notorious 1903 Paris-Madrid road race when high casualties spelled the end of long-distance races on public roads
  • The Illustrated London News 11 July 1908 47 The programme with details of this race is in the Brooklands Museum Library
  • This is contested on the part of a French woman so the record of first woman in an aeroplane is uncertain. This point and an attempt to identify the first English woman aloft was made by the magazine Popular Flying August 1933 252 253
  • Greer Louise Harold Anthony Flying Clothing: the story of its development Airlife Publications Shrewsbury 1979 10
  • See: Lomax Judy Women of the Air Dodd, Mead New York 1987 Moolman Valerie Women Aloft Timelife Chicago 1981 Davis S. C.H. Atalanta: women as racing drivers Foulis London 1955
  • For example Gernsheim Alison Victorian and Edwardian Fashion: a photographic survey Dover New York 1963 89 90 Hall Lee Common Threads: a parade of American clothing Bulfinch Press Boston 1992 146 147 The only book exclusively on motoring dress covers the years 1897 to the 1920s and includes a small section on motor racing costume from 1900 to the present day: Lane Andrew Motoring Costume Shire Publications Princes Risborough 1987
  • In the only book dedicated to flying clothing, the women pioneers are given relatively few pages, in contrast to the predominance of male military clothing and the exploration of its integral relationship with the development of military aircraft. See: Greer Harold Flying Clothing
  • Samuel Raphael Theatres of Memory Vol. 1: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture Verso London 1994 330
  • Daily Sketch photograph reprinted 22 June 1928 (seen in copy of untitled periodical kept at Brooklands Library)
  • Statistics vary somewhat from source to source. Here I have relied on Plowden William The Motor Car and Politics: 1896–1970 Bodley Head London 1971 14 107
  • Laux James M. In First Gear: the French automobile industry to 1914 McGill-Queens University Press Montreal 1976 69
  • Plowden The Motor Car and Politics 71
  • Jarrott Charles Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing Grant Richards London 1912 284 first edition 1906
  • Bacon Gertrude Memories of Land and Sky Methuen London 1928 147 See also Wohl Robert A Passion for Wings: aviation and the Western imagination 1908-1918 Yale London 1994 69
  • Holden Henry M. Ladybirds: the untold story of women pilots in America Black Hawk Publishing Mt Freedom , NJ 1991 19
  • Goodall M. H. Flying Start: flying schools and clubs at Brooklands 1910-1939 Brooklands Museum Trust Weybridge 1995 16
  • Davis Atalanta: women as racing drivers 31 44
  • Lady's Pictorial 1 May 1920 591
  • Jarrott Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing 144
  • Ibid., p. 72
  • Ibid., p. 144
  • Vertinsky Patricia The Social Construction of the Gendered Body: exercise and the exercise of power International Journal of the History of Sport 1994 11 149
  • Sparke Penny As Long as it's Pink: the sexual politics of taste Pandora London 1995 74
  • Moolman Women Aloft 57
  • Goodall Flying Start 81
  • Gower Pauline Women with Wings John Long London 1938 97
  • The Hon Mrs Bruce Victor Nine Lives Plus: record-breaking on land, sea and in the air Pelham Books London 1977 88
  • MERL accesssion number 96/24/1
  • Aeronautics October 1912 320
  • ‘Somewhere between 1912 and 1918 the first full-chrome sheepskin which could be used for clothing with any degree of satisfaction was produced in this country’. Waterer John W. Leather in Life, Art and Industry Faber & Faber London 1946 201
  • Car 4 October 1911 235
  • Aeronautics October 1912 321
  • Jeune Lady Dress for Motoring Motors and Motor Driving Harmsworth Alfred C. Longmans, Green & Co. London 1902 71
  • Davis Atalanta: women as racing drivers 16
  • Cochrane Jacqueline Brinley Maryann Bucknam Jackie Cochran: the story of the greatest woman pilot in aviation history Bantam New York 1987 19
  • Ibid., p. 20
  • Shepherd Dolly Hearn Peter Sedgewick Molly When the 'Chute went up: adventures of a pioneer lady parachutist Skyline Stroud 1996
  • Quimby fans can visit a dedicated website www.aircruise.com/aca/quimby for details of her life and work
  • Holden Ladybirds 26
  • The Car 4 October 1911 231
  • Moolman Women Aloft 24
  • Goodall Flying Start 78 83
  • The Car 28 November 1911
  • Brooklands Museum F461/13, undated photograph
  • Brooklands Museum L526, on loan from Dr and Mrs A. M. Hewlett
  • Unpublished autobiography, chapter XIII, ‘Brooklands’ p. 11, courtesy of Dr Anthony Hewlett
  • Flight 14 January 1911 30
  • Greer Harold Flying Clothing 60
  • Davis Atalanta: women as racing drivers 143
  • Gower Women with Wings 107 My thanks to Professor Penny Summerfield for drawing this reference to my attention
  • Fabrications: costume and the female body Gaines Jane Herzog Charlotte Routledge London 1990 3 4
  • Hollander Anne Sex and Suits: the evolution of modern dress Alfred A. Knopf New York 1994 137
  • Ibid., p. 136
  • Ibid., p. 136
  • Ibid., p. 134
  • Ibid., p. 150
  • Bacon Memories of Land and Sky 137
  • Ibid., p. 162
  • Women Flyers of France, The London Magazine (offprint kept in Royal Aeronautical Society library), 1909, p. 20
  • Unpublished autobiography, chapter XIII, ‘Brooklands’, p. 35
  • For a discussion of the cultural implications of changes in women's swimwear in the twentieth century see Craik Jennifer The Face of Fashion: cultural studies in fashion Routledge London 1994 136 152

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