References
- Acquaye, A. (2010). A stochastic hybrid embodied energy and CO2_eq intensity analysis of building and construction processes in Ireland (Ph.D. Thesis). Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, 2010.
- Adalberth, K. (1997). Energy use during the life cycle of single-unit dwellings: Examples. Building and Environment, 32(4), 321–329. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(96)00069-8
- Alcorn, J. A. (2003). Embodied energy and CO2 coefficients for NZ building materials. Wellington, New Zealand: Center for building performance and research, Victoria University of Wellington.
- Almeida, M. G. D., Bragança, L., & Mendonça, P. (2005). Potentialities of lightweight construction solutions for sustainability. Guimarães: Civil Engineering Department, University of Minho.
- Bassett, T., Waldron, D., Iorwerth, H., Lannon, S. C., & Jones, P. J. (2013). Embodied energy at an urban scale: A paradigm shift in calculations. In PLEA2013 – 29th Conference, Sustainable Architecture for a Renewable Future, Munich, Germany, 10–12 September 2013.
- Blanchard, S., & Reppe, P. (1998). Life cycle analysis of a residential home in Michigan. M.S. Project, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Bullard, C. W., & Herendeen, R. A. (1975). The energy cost of goods and services. Energy Policy, 3(4), 268–278. doi: 10.1016/0301-4215(75)90035-X
- Carter, A. J., Peet, N. J., & Baines, J. T. (1981). Direct and indirect energy requirements of the New Zealand economy. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Energy Research and Development Committee.
- Cellura, M., Guarino, F., Longo, S., & Mistretta, M. (2014). Energy life-cycle approach in Net zero energy buildings balance: Operation and embodied energy of an Italian case study. Energy and Buildings, 72, 371–381. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.046
- Chan, Y. H. (2003). Biostatistics 104: Correlational analysis. Singapore Medical Journal, 44(12), 614–619.
- Chen, T. Y., Burnett, J., & Chau, C. K. (2001). Analysis of embodied energy use in the residential building of Hong Kong. Energy, 26(4), 323–340. doi: 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00006-8
- Cleveland, C. J., & Costanza, R. (2007). Net energy analysis. Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Net_energy_analysis
- Cleveland, C. J., Costanza, R., Hall, C. A., & Kaufman, R. (1984). Energy and the US economy: A biophysical perspective. Science, 225, 890–897. doi: 10.1126/science.225.4665.890
- Copiello, S. (2016). Economic implications of the energy issue: Evidence for a positive non-linear relation between embodied energy and construction cost. Energy and Buildings, 123, 59–70. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.054
- Costanza, R. (1980). Embodied energy and economic valuation. Science, 210(4475), 1219–1224. doi: 10.1126/science.210.4475.1219
- Crawford, R. H. (2004). Using input–output data in life cycle inventory analysis (Ph.D. Thesis). Deakin University, Victoria, Australia, 2004.
- Crawford, R. H. (2008). Validation of a hybrid life-cycle inventory analysis method. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(3), 496–506. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.024
- Crawford, R. H., Fuller, R. J., Treloar, G. J., & Ilozor, B. D. (2002). Embodied energy analysis of the refurbishment of a small detached building. In Luther et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of 36th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA): The Modern Practice of Architectural Science from Pedagogy to Andragogy? 1–4 November 2002, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, 93–100.
- Ding, G. (2004). The development of a multi-criteria approach for the measurement of sustainable performance for built projects and facilities (PhD Thesis). University of technology, Sydney.
- Dixit, M. K. (2015). An input–output-based hybrid method for embodied energy calculation. In Proceedings of ASC 51st Annual International Conference held in conjunction with CIB Workgroup 89, April 22–25, 2015, College Station, TX.
- Dixit, M. K., Culp, C. H., & Fernández-Solís, J. L. (2013). System boundary for embodied energy in buildings: A conceptual model for definition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, 153–164. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.037
- Dixit, M. K., Culp, C. H., & Fernández-Solís, J. L. (2014a). Calculating primary energy and carbon emission factors for the United States’ energy sectors. RSC Advances, 4(97), 54200–54216. doi: 10.1039/C4RA08989H
- Dixit, M. K., Culp, C. H., Fernández-Solís, J. L., & Lavy, S. (2014b). A facility management approach to reducing energy and carbon footprint of built facilities. In Proceedings of Joint CIB W070, W111 and W118 International Conference, Copenhagen, May 21–23, 2014.
- Dixit, M. K., Culp, C. H., Lavy, S., & Fernández-Solís, J. L. (2014c). Recurrent embodied energy and its relationship with service life and life cycle energy. Facilities, 32(3/4), 160–181. doi: 10.1108/F-06-2012-0041
- Dixit, M. K., Culp, C. H., & Fernández-Solís, J. L. (2015). Embodied energy of construction materials: Integrating human and capital energy into an IO-based hybrid model. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(3), 1936–1945. doi: 10.1021/es503896v
- Dixit, M. K., Fernández-Solís, J., Lavy, S., & Culp, C. H. (2010). Identification of parameters for embodied energy measurement: A literature review. Energy and Buildings, 42(8), 1238–1247. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.02.016
- Dixit, M. K., Fernández-Solís, J. L., Lavy, S., & Culp, C. H. (2012). Need for an embodied energy measurement protocol for buildings: A review paper. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3730–3743. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.021
- Eaton, K. J., Gorgolewski, M., Amato, A., & Birtles, T. (1998). Using life cycle assessment as a tool for quantifying green buildings. In Proceedings of the international conference on steel in green building construction, 1998, Orlando, Florida, United States.
- FAO. (2001). Human energy requirements. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation, 17–24 October, 2001, Rome.
- Frey, P. (2008). Building reuse: Finding a place on American climate policy agendas. Washington, D.C.: National Trust for Historic Preservation.
- Gavotsis, E., & Moncaster, A. (2014). Practical limitations in embodied energy and carbon measurement, and how to address them: A UK case study. In World Sustainable Building Conference, 28–30 October, 2014, Barcelona.
- Hammond, G., & Jones, C. (2008). Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials. Energy, 161(2), 87–98.
- Hammond, G. P., & Jones, C. I. (2010). Embodied carbon: The concealed impact of residential construction. Global Warming-Green Energy & Technology, 367–384.
- Henry, A. F., Elambo, N. G., Tah, J. H. M., Fabrice, O. E., & Blanche, M. M. (2014). Embodied energy and CO 2 analyses of mud-brick and cement-block houses. Aims Energy, 2(1), 18–40. doi: 10.3934/energy.2014.1.18
- Honey, B. G., & Buchanan, A. H. (1992). Environmental impacts of the New Zealand building industry. Christchurch, New Zealand: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury.
- Horowitz, K. J., & Planting, M. A. (2009). Concepts and methods of the input–output accounts. Washington, D.C.: United States Bureau of Economic Analysis.
- Huberman, N., & Pearlmutter, D. (2008). A life-cycle energy analysis of building materials in Negev desert. Energy and Buildings, 40(5), 837–848. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.06.002
- ICE. (2011). Inventory of carbon and energy (ICE), Version 2.0. Bath, UK: Sustainable Energy Research Team (SERT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath.
- Jiao, Y., Lloyd, C. R., & Wakes, S. J. (2012). The relationship between total embodied energy and cost of commercial buildings. Energy and Buildings, 52, 20–27. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.05.028
- Karimpour, M., Belusko, M., Xing, K., & Bruno, F. (2014). Minimising the life cycle energy of buildings: Review and analysis. Building and Environment, 73, 106–114. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.11.019
- Kernan, P. C. (1996). Life cycle energy analysis of an office building (M.S. Thesis). School of Architecture, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Khasreen, M. M., Banfill, P. F. G., & Menzies, G. F. (2009). Life cycle assessment and the environment impact of buildings: A review. Sustainability, 1(3), 674–701. doi: 10.3390/su1030674
- Kolokotsa, D., Rovas, D., Kosmatopoulos, E., & Kalaitzakis, K. (2011). A roadmap towards intelligent net zero-and positive-energy buildings. Solar Energy, 85(12), 3067–3084. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2010.09.001
- Langston, C. (2015). Green roof evaluation: A holistic ‘long life, loose fit, low energy’ approach. Construction Economics and Building, 15(4), 76–94. doi: 10.5130/AJCEB.v15i4.4617
- Langston, Y. L. (2006). Embodied energy modeling of individual buildings in Melbourne, the inherent energy-cost relationship (Ph.D. Thesis). Deakin University, Victoria, Australia, 2006.
- Li, D. H., Yang, L., & Lam, J. C. (2013). Zero energy buildings and sustainable development implications–a review. Energy, 54, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.070
- Lützkendorf, T., Foliente, G., Balouktsi, M., & Wiberg, A. H. (2015). Net-zero buildings: Incorporating embodied impacts. Building Research & Information, 43(1), 62–81. doi: 10.1080/09613218.2014.935575
- Menzies, G. F. (2011). Embodied energy considerations for existing buildings. Historic Scotland Technical Paper, 13.
- Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input–output analysis, foundations and extensions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Noerwasito, V. T. (2011). Evaluation of embodied energy and construction costs for the design of low-rise apartments for low-income residents in Surabaya, Indonesia. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 5(12), 1142–1146.
- Ogershok, D. (2002). 2002 National construction cost estimator (50th ed.). Carlsbad, CA: Craftsman Book Company.
- Omar, W. W., Doh, J. H., & Panuwatwanich, K. (2014). Variations in embodied energy and carbon emission intensities of construction materials. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 49, 31–48. doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2014.06.003
- Pears, A. (1996). Practical and policy issues in analysis of embodied energy and its application. In Proceedings of the Embodied Energy the Current State of Play: Seminar, Geelong, Australia, 28–29 November, 1996.
- Praseeda, K. I., Reddy, B. V., & Mani, M. (2016). Embodied and operational energy of urban residential buildings in India. Energy and Buildings, 110, 211–219. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.072
- Pullen, S. (2007). A tool for depicting the embodied energy of the Adelaide urban environment. In Proceedings of Australian Institute of Building Surveyors International Transitions Conference, March 2007, Adelaide.
- Ramesh, T., Prakash, R., & Shukla, K. K. (2013). Life cycle energy analysis of a multifamily residential house: A case study in Indian context. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, 2, 34–41. doi: 10.4236/ojee.2013.21006
- Rauf, A., & Crawford, R. H. (2015). Building service life and its effect on the life cycle embodied energy of buildings. Energy, 79, 140–148. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.093
- Raynolds, M., Fraser, R., & Checkel, D. (2000). The relative mass-energy-economic (RMEE) method for system boundary selection. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 5(2), 96–104. doi: 10.1007/BF02979731
- Reddy, V. B. (2004). Sustainable building technologies. Current Science, 87(7), 899–907.
- Ristimäki, M., Säynäjoki, A., Heinonen, J., & Junnila, S. (2013). Combining life cycle costing and life cycle assessment for an analysis of a new residential district energy system design. Energy, 63, 168–179. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.030
- Robertson, A. B., Lam, F. C., & Cole, R. J. (2012). A comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of mid-rise office building construction alternatives: Laminated timber or reinforced concrete. Buildings, 2(3), 245–270. doi: 10.3390/buildings2030245
- Scheuer, C., Keoleian, G. A., & Reppe, P. (2003). Life cycle energy and environmental performance of a new university building: Modeling changes and design implications. Energy and Buildings, 35(10), 1049–1064. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(03)00066-5
- Stein, R. G., Stein, C., Buckley, M., & Green, M. (1981). Handbook of energy use for building construction (No. DOE/CS/20220-1). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Energy.
- Stephan, A., Crawford, R. H., & De Myttenaere, K. (2013). A comprehensive assessment of the life cycle energy demand of passive houses. Applied Energy, 112, 23–34. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.076
- Stephan, A., & Stephan, L. (2016). Life cycle energy and cost analysis of embodied, operational and user-transport energy reduction measures for residential buildings. Applied Energy, 161, 445–464. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.023
- Stern, D. I., & Cleveland, C. J. (2004). Energy and economic growth. Encyclopedia of Energy, 2, 35–51. doi: 10.1016/B0-12-176480-X/00147-9
- Taylor, R. (1990). Interpretation of the correlation coefficient: A basic review. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, 6(1), 35–39. doi: 10.1177/875647939000600106
- Treloar, G. J. (1998). A comprehensive embodied energy analysis framework (Ph.D. Thesis). Deakin University, Victoria. Australia.
- USEPA. (2009). Buildings and their impact on the environment: A statistical summary. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2013, from http://www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/pubs/gbstats.pdf
- Yohanis, Y. G., & Norton, B. (2006). Including embodied energy considerations at the conceptual stage of building design. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 220(3), 271–288.