Natural ventilation in Brazilian homes: depicting perceptions, usage patterns and motivations in a questionnaire survey

References

• ABNT. (2005). ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 15220: Desempenho térmico de edificações - Parte 3: Zoneamento bioclimático brasileiro e diretrizes construtivas para habitações unifamiliares de interesse social (Thermal performance in buildings Part 3: Braz.
   Google Scholar
• ABNT. (2008). ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 16401: Instalações de ar-condicionado – Sistemas centrais e unitários Parte 2: Parâmetros de conforto térmico (Central and unitary air conditioning systems Part 2: Thermal comfort).
   Google Scholar
• ABNT. (2024). ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. NBR 15575: Edificações habitacionais — Desempenho - Parte 1: Requisitos gerais (Residential buildings — Performance Part 1: General requirements).
   Google Scholar
• American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineering. (2020a). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2020. Climatic Data for Building Design Standards. https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/ashrae/ansiashrae1692020
   Google Scholar
• American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineering. (2020b). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2020. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
   Google Scholar
• Balvedi, B. F., Schaefer, A., Bavaresco, M. V., Eccel, J. V., & Ghisi, E. (2018). Identificação de perfis de comportamento do usuário para edificações residenciais multifamiliares e naturalmente ventiladas em Florianópolis. Ambiente Construído, 18(3), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000300273
   Google Scholar
• BBC. (2011). Japan promotes “Super Cool Biz” energy saving campaign - BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13620900.amp
   Google Scholar
• Bienvenido-Huertas, D., Sánchez-García, D., & Rubio-Bellido, C. (2020). Analysing natural ventilation to reduce the cooling energy consumption and the fuel poverty of social dwellings in coastal zones. Applied Energy, 279, 115845. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2020.115845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienvenido-Huertas, D., Sánchez-García, D., Rubio-Bellido, C., & Solís-Guzmán, J. (2022). Using adaptive strategies of natural ventilation with tolerances applied to the upper limit to improve social dwellings’ thermal comfort in current and future scenarios. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 28(4), 527–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2022.2040884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAZIL. (2022, March 21). Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). NDC. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated-First NDC-FINAL-PDF.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cândido, C. (2010). Aceitabilidade do movimento do ar e conforto térmico em climas quentes e úmidos (Indoor air movement acceptability and thermal confort in hot-humid climates). Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis.
   Google Scholar
• Carpino, C., Mora, D., & De Simone, M. (2019). On the use of questionnaire in residential buildings. A review of collected data, methodologies and objectives. Energy and Buildings, 186, 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2018.12.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., & Tang, H. (2017). Comfortable air speeds for young people lying at rest in the hot-humid area of China in summer. Building and Environment, 124, 402–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.08.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun, C., Kwok, A., Mitamura, T., Miwa, N., & Tamura, A. (2008). Thermal diary: Connecting temperature history to indoor comfort. Building and Environment, 43(5), 877–885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.01.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel, L. (2018). ‘We like to live in the weather’: Cooling practices in naturally ventilated dwellings in Darwin, Australia. Energy and Buildings, 158, 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2017.10.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Dear, R., Leow, K. G., & Foo, S. C. (1991). Thermal comfort in the humid tropics - field experiments in air-conditioned and naturally ventilated buildings in Singapore. International Journal of Biometeorology, 34(4), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01041840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dias, V., Nunes, L., Aparecida, M., Hippert, S., Ribeiro De Carvalho, A., & Rubim, D. F. (2021). A implantação da norma NBR 15575 e seu impacto no setor de construção civil. PARC Pesquisa Em Arquitetura e Construção, 12, e021010. https://doi.org/10.20396/PARC.V12I00.8656159
   Google Scholar
• ELETROBRAS. (n.d.). Análise de Impacto Regulatório (AIR) do Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem de Edificações (PBE Edifica). Retrieved April 29, 2024, from https://eletrobras.com/pt/Paginas/airpbeedifica.aspx
   Google Scholar
• EPE. (2018). NOTA TÉCNICA EPE 030/2018 Uso de Ar Condicionado no Setor Residencial Brasileiro: Perspectivas e contribuições para o avanço em eficiência energética (Air Conditioning Use in the Brazilian Residential Sector: Perspectives and Contributions to Advances in. https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-341/NTEPE030_2018_18Dez2018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fagerland, M. W., & Hosmer, D. W. (2012). A generalized hosmer–lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for multinomial logistic regression models. The Stata Journal, 12(3), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1201200307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Google LLC. (n.d.). Google Forms. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from https://www.google.com/forms/about/
   Google Scholar
• Governo Federal. (n.d.). Sucupira Platform. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/programa/quantitativos/quantitativoAreaAvaliacao.jsf
   Google Scholar
• Haddad, S., Zhang, W., Paolini, R., Gao, K., Altheeb, M., Al Mogirah, A., Bin Moammar, A., Hong, T., Khan, A., Cartalis, C., Polydoros, A., & Santamouris, M. (2024). Quantifying the energy impact of heat mitigation technologies at the urban scale. Nature Cities, 1(1), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-023-00005-5
   Google Scholar
• He, Y., Li, N., Peng, J., Zhang, W., & Li, Y. (2016). Field study on adaptive comfort in air conditioned dormitories of university with hot-humid climate in summer. Energy and Buildings, 119, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.03.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmert, G. A. J., Schons, L. M., Wieseke, J., & Schimmelpfennig, H. (2016). Log-likelihood-based Pseudo-R2 in logistic regression. Sociological Methods & Research, 47(3), 507–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124116638107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IEA. (2018). The Future of Cooling. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-cooling
   Google Scholar
• Indraganti, M. (2010a). Adaptive use of natural ventilation for thermal comfort in Indian apartments. Building and Environment, 45(6), 1490–1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2009.12.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indraganti, M. (2010b). Behavioural adaptation and the use of environmental controls in summer for thermal comfort in apartments in India. Energy and Buildings, 42(7), 1019–1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2010.01.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INMETRO. (2022). Inmetro’s normative instruction for the energy efficiency classification of residential buildings (INI-R). Brazil, 2022. https://pbeedifica.com.br/inir
   Google Scholar
• Islam, R., & Ahmed, K. S. (2021). Indoor thermal environment and occupant’s living pattern of traditional timber houses in tropics. Designs, 5(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/DESIGNS5010010
   Google Scholar
• Jay, M. (2019). Goodness of fit tests for logistic regression models [R package generalhoslem version 1.3.4].
   Google Scholar
• Kalmár, F. (2016). Investigation of thermal perceptions of subjects with diverse thermal histories in warm indoor environment. Building and Environment, 107, 254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.08.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., de Dear, R., Parkinson, T., & Candido, C. (2017). Understanding patterns of adaptive comfort behaviour in the Sydney mixed-mode residential context. Energy and Buildings, 141, 274–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krelling, A. F., Eli, L. G., Olinger, M. S., Machado, R. M. E. S., Melo, A. P., & Lamberts, R. (2023). A thermal performance standard for residential buildings in warm climates: Lessons learned in Brazil. Energy and Buildings, 281, 112770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. S., Yigitcanlar, T., Guaralda, M., Degirmenci, K., Liu, A., & Kane, M. (2022). Leveraging the opportunities of wind for cities through urban planning and design: A PRISMA review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(18), 1–78. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, P. L., & Gardner, R. C. (2000). Type I error rate comparisons of post hoc procedures for I × J chi-square tables. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(5), 735–754. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131640021970871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, J., & Bardhan, R. (2021). Thermal comfort perception in naturally ventilated affordable housing of India. Advances in Building Energy Research, 16(3), 385–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2021.1907224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, J., Bardhan, R., Hong, T., & Piette, M. A. (2020). Contextualising adaptive comfort behaviour within low-income housing of Mumbai, India. Building and Environment, 177, 106877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106877
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, T., Ridley, I., Strengers, Y., Maller, C., & Horne, R. (2016). Dwelling performance and adaptive summer comfort in low-income Australian households. Building Research & Information, 45(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1139906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori, H., Kubota, T., Antaryama, I. G. N., & Ekasiwi, S. N. N. (2020). Analysis of window-opening patterns and air conditioning usage of urban residences in tropical southeast Asia. Sustainability, 12(24), 10650. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU122410650
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacheco, M. (2013). Ventilação natural e climatização artificial: crítica ao modelo superisolado para residência de energia zero em Belém e Curitiba (Natural ventilation and artificial air conditioning: a critique of the super-insulated model for zero-energy homes in Belém a. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Pavanello, F., De Cian, E., Davide, M., Mistry, M., Cruz, T., Bezerra, P., Jagu, D., Renner, S., Schaeffer, R., & Lucena, A. F. P. (2021). Air-conditioning and the adaptation cooling deficit in emerging economies. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26592-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posit. (2023). Posit | The open-source data science company. https://posit.co/
   Google Scholar
• PROCEL. (2019). Electrical appliances possession and usage habits research for the residential sector. https://eletrobras.com/pt/SiteAssets/Paginas/PPH-2019/RESUMO_EXECUTIVO_BRASIL_EN.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ramos, G., Lamberts, R., Abrahão, K., Bandeira, F. B., Barbosa Teixeira, C., de Lima, M., Broday, E. E., Castro, A. P. A. S., de Queiroz Leal, L., De Vecchi, R., De Zorzi, L. D. M., Dornelles, K. A., Silvia Duarte, S., Faisca, R. G., Fontenelle, M., Freitas, T., Atem, C. G., Grigoletti, G., Maciel, L. … Xavier, A. A. (2020). Adaptive behaviour and air conditioning use in Brazilian residential buildings. Building Research & Information, 49(5), 496–511–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2020.1804314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R CRAN. (2022). Download R-4.2.2 for Windows. The R-project for statistical computing. https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/
   Google Scholar
• Rijal, H. B. (2014). Investigation of comfort temperature and occupant behavior in Japanese houses during the hot and humid season. Buildings, 4(3), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.3390/BUILDINGS4030437
   Google Scholar
• Rinaldi, A., Schweiker, M., & Iannone, F. (2018). On uses of energy in buildings: Extracting influencing factors of occupant behaviour by means of a questionnaire survey. Energy and Buildings, 168, 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2018.03.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ripley, B. (2022, September 28). Feed-Forward Neural Networks and Multinomial Log-Linear Models [R package nnet version 7.3-18]. Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). https://cran.r-project.org/package = nnet
   Google Scholar
• Ryu, J., Kim, J., Hong, W., & De Dear, R. (2019). On the temporal dimension of adaptive thermal comfort mechanisms in residential buildings. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 609(4), 042071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/609/4/042071
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-García, D., Rubio-Bellido, C., Pulido-Arcas, J. A., Guevara-García, F. J., & Canivell, J. (2018). Adaptive comfort models applied to existing dwellings in Mediterranean climate considering global warming. Sustainability, 10(10), 3507. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU10103507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvero, F., Rodrigues, F., Montelpare, S., Spacone, E., & Varum, H. (2019). The path towards buildings energy efficiency in South American countries. Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 646–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simões, G. M. F., Leder, S. M., & Labaki, L. C. (2021). How uncomfortable and unhealthy can social (low-cost) housing in Brazil become with use? Building and Environment, 205, 108218. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2021.108218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soebarto, V., & Bennetts, H. (2014). Thermal comfort and occupant responses during summer in a low to middle income housing development in South Australia. Building and Environment, 75, 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2014.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Y., Sun, Y., Luo, S., Tian, Z., Hou, J., Kim, J., Parkinson, T., & de Dear, R. (2018). Residential adaptive comfort in a humid continental climate – Tianjin China. Energy and Buildings, 170, 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2018.03.083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toe, D. H. C., & Kubota, T. (2015). Comparative assessment of vernacular passive cooling techniques for improving indoor thermal comfort of modern terraced houses in hot–humid climate of Malaysia. Solar Energy, 114, 229–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOLENER.2015.01.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tubelo, R., Rodrigues, L., Gillott, M., & Gonçalves Soares, J. C. (2018). Cost-effective envelope optimisation for social housing in Brazil’s moderate climates zones. Building and Environment, 133, 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2018.01.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN. (2022). 2022 Global status report for buildings and construction: Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector.
   Google Scholar
• Villa, S. B., & Cunha, E. G. (2021). Zero carbon buildings: A Brazilian perspective. https://www.buildingsandcities.org/insights/commentaries/zero-carbon-brazil.html
   Google Scholar
• Yan, H., Liu, Q., Zhao, W., Pang, C., Dong, M., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Wang, H., Hu, B., Yang, L., & Wang, L. (2020). The coupled effect of temperature, humidity, and air movement on human thermal response in hot-humid and hot-arid climates in summer in China. Building and Environment, 177, 106898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Pasut, W., Arens, E., & Meng, Q. (2013). Comfort under personally controlled air movement in warm and humid environments. Building and Environment, 65, 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.03.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Wang, J., & Meng, Q. (2016). Thermal comfort of people in the hot and humid area of China – Impacts of season, climate, and thermal history. Indoor Air, 26(5), 820–830. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, C., Kazanci, O. B., Levinson, R., Heiselberg, P., Olesen, B. W., Chiesa, G., Sodagar, B., Ai, Z., Selkowitz, S., Zinzi, M., Mahdavi, A., Teufl, H., Kolokotroni, M., Salvati, A., Bozonnet, E., Chtioui, F., Salagnac, P., Rahif, R., Attia, S., … Zhang, G. (2021). Resilient cooling strategies – A critical review and qualitative assessment. Energy and Buildings, 251, 111312. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2021.111312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Gao, W., Wang, F., Zhou, N., Kammen, D. M., & Ying, X. (2019). A survey of the status and challenges of green building development in various countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(19), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar