661
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The role of climate change adaptation of small-scale farmers on the households food security level in the west of Iran

Pages 650-664 | Received 30 Mar 2020, Accepted 30 Oct 2020, Published online: 05 May 2021

References

  • Acosta, L. A., P. Maharjan, H. M. Peyriere, and R. J. Mamiit. 2020. “Natural Capital Protection Indicators: Measuring Performance in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for Green Growth Transition.” Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 8: 100069.
  • Acosta, L. A., A. Virk, R. Kumar, S. Sharma, T. Ikeda, G. R. Joshi, and N. Pascal. 2018. “Options for Governance and Decision-Making Across Scales and Sectors.” IPBES: The regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Asia and the Pacific, 429–535.
  • Adu, D. T., J. K. Kuwornu, H. Anim-Somuah, and N. Sasaki. 2018. “Application of Livelihood Vulnerability Index in Assessing Smallholder Maize Farming Households’ Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana.” Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 39 (1): 22–32.
  • Aerology of the County. 2018. Meteorological Report, 1–28.
  • Ahmadi Firouzjaie, A., H. Shbanalifami, N. Motei, and Mohammadzadeh- Nasrabadi, M. 2016. “Designing a Model to Improve Household Food Security in Small-Scale Exploitation Systems of Mazandaran Province.” PHD thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
  • Asante-Okyere, S., C. Shen, Y. Y. Ziggah, M. M. Rulegeya, and X. Zhu. 2020. “Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Based Hybrid Models for the Accurate Estimation of Reservoir Water Saturation.” Computers & Geosciences 145: 104555.
  • Azad, M. S., and T. Ancev. 2020. “Assessing the Dynamics of Natural Capital on Farms: A Soil Natural Capital Indicator.” Ecological Economics 168: 106500.
  • Azadi, Y., M. Yazdanpanah, M. Forouzani, and H. Mahmoudi. 2019a. “Farmers’ Adaptation Choices to Climate Change: A Case Study of Wheat Growers in Western Iran.” Journal of Water and Climate Change 10 (1): 102–116.
  • Azadi, Y., M. Yazdanpanah, and H. Mahmoudi. 2019b. “Understanding Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation Behaviors Through Climate Change Beliefs, Risk Perception, Trust, and Psychological Distance: Evidence from Wheat Growers in Iran.” Journal of Environmental Management 250: 109456.
  • Babu, S., S. N. Gajanan, and P. Sanyal. 2014. Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis: Statistical Methods and Applications. United State of America: Academic Press.
  • Banik, A., A. Saha, J. D. Barma, U. Acharya, and S. C. Saha. 2020. “Determination of Best Tool Geometry for Friction Stir Welding of AA 6061-T6 Using Hybrid PCA-TOPSIS Optimization Method.” Measurement 173: 108573.
  • Bennett, L., D. R. Dahal, and P. Govindasamy. 2008. Caste Ethnic and Regional Identity in Nepal: Further Analysis of the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey.
  • Bettencourt, E. M. V., M. Tilman, P. D. D. S. Henriques, V. Narciso, and M. L. d. S. Carvalho. 2013. The Economic and Sociocultural Role of Livestock in the Wellbeing of Rural Communities of Timor-Leste.
  • Bhattachan, K. B., T. B. Sunar, and Y. K. Bhattachan. 2009. Caste-Based Discrimination in Nepal: Indian Institute of Dalit Studies New Delhi.
  • Bickel, G., M. Nord, C. Price, W. Hamilton, and J. Cook. 2000. Guide to Measuring Household Food Security. In: Revised.
  • Birol, F. 2010. “World Energy Outlook 2010.” International Energy Agency 1 (3): 1–23.
  • Boazar, M., A. Abdeshahi, and M. Yazdanpanah. 2020. “Changing Rice Cropping Patterns among Farmers as a Preventive Policy to Protect Water Resources.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63 (14): 2484–2500.
  • Brabben, T., C. Angood, J. Skutsch, and L. Smith. 2004. Irrigation Can Sustain Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Bangladesh and Nepal.
  • Burkley, A. L., K. Brown, D. H. Holben, J. H. Shubrook, and F. L. Schwartz. 2011. “Adult Food Security and Social Capital among Patients Using Free and Fee-for-Service Diabetes Clinics in Rural, Appalachian Ohio.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 111 (9): A100.
  • Burnham, M., and Z. Ma. 2016. “Linking Smallholder Farmer Climate Change Adaptation Decisions to Development.” Climate and Development 8 (4): 289–311.
  • Byrne, J., A. Zhou, B. Shen, and K. Hughes. 2007. “Evaluating the Potential of Small-Scale Renewable Energy Options to Meet Rural Livelihoods Needs: A GIS- and Lifecycle Cost-Based Assessment of Western China's Options.” Energy Policy 35 (8): 4391–4401. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.02.022.
  • Cairncross, S., J. Bartram, O. Cumming, and C. Brocklehurst. 2010. “Hygiene, Sanitation, and Water: What Needs to be Done?” PLoS Medicine 7 (11): e1000365.
  • Carter, P., and A. Taylor. 2007. “Food Insecurity in South Australia.” Public Health Bulletin SA 4 (1): 23–25.
  • Caviglia-Harris, J., and E. Sills. 2005. “Land Use and Income Diversification: Comparing Traditional and Colonist Population in the Brazilian Amazon.” Agricultural Economics 32 (3): 221–237.
  • Chriest, A., and M. Niles. 2018. “The Role of Community Social Capital for Food Security Following an Extreme Weather Event.” Journal of Rural Studies 64: 80–90.
  • Claessens, S. 2006. “Access to Financial Services: A Review of the Issues and Public Policy Objectives.” The World Bank Research Observer 21 (2): 207–240. doi:10.1093/wbro/lkl004.
  • Coates, J., A. Swindale, and P. Bilinsky. 2007. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide. 3 vols. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development.
  • Delfiyan, F., M. Yazdanpanah, M. Forouzani, and J. Yaghoubi. 2020. “Farmers’ Adaptation to Drought Risk Through Farm–Level Decisions: The Case of Farmers in Dehloran County, Southwest of Iran.” Climate and Development 13 (2): 152–163.
  • Donnges, C., J. Ojha, and C. Pearse. 2005. Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning in Nepal. New Haven and London: ILO, ASSIST-AP.
  • Eakin, H., and L. A. Bojórquez-Tapia. 2008. “Insights Into the Composition of Household Vulnerability from Multi Criteriadecision Analysis.” Global Environmental Change 18 (1): 112–127.
  • Ericksen, P. J. 2008. “Conceptualizing Food Systems for Global Environmental Change Research.” Global Environmental Change 18 (1): 234–245.
  • Fami, H. S., H. Iravani, A. Asadi, and M. Savari. 2016. “Explaining the Livelihood Strategies Based on Sustainability and Vulnerability in Drought Conditions in Kurdistan Province. Journal of Current Research in Science, 4 (3): 140.
  • FAO. 2013. Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
  • Fisher, M., T. Abate, R. W. Lunduka, W. Asnake, Y. Alemayehu, and R. B. Madulu. 2015. “Drought Tolerant Maize for Farmer Adaptation to Drought in sub-Saharan Africa: Determinants of Adoption in Eastern and Southern Africa.” Climatic Change 133 (2): 283–299.
  • Gerster, R., and S. Zimmermann. 2003. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Poverty Reduction. Agencia Suiza por el Desarrollo y la Cooperación. Disponible en línea. http://www.gersterconsulting. ch/docs/ICT_for_Poverty_Reduction.pdf.
  • Ghanian, M., O. M. Ghoochani, M. Dehghanpour, M. Taqipour, F. Taheri, and M. Cotton. 2020. “Understanding Farmers’ Climate Adaptation Intention in Iran: A Protection-Motivation Extended Model.” Land Use Policy 94: 104553.
  • Giuliano, P., and M. Ruiz-Arranz. 2009. “Remittances, Financial Development, and Growth.” Journal of Development Economics 90 (1): 144–152.
  • Goyal, M. K., C. S. P. Ojha, R. Y. Surampalli, and A. Choudhury. 2016. Adapting to Climate Change: Water Management Strategy.
  • Griggs, D., M. Stafford-Smith, O. Gaffney, J. Rockström, M. C. Öhman, P. Shyamsundar, W. Steffen, G. Glaser, N. Kanie, and I. Noble. 2013. “Policy: Sustainable Development Goals for People and Planet.” Nature 495 (7441): 305–307.
  • Hathout, S. 2002. “The use of GIS for Monitoring and Predicting Urban Growth in East and West St Paul, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.” Journal of Environmental Management 66 (3): 229–238.
  • Hindle, K., K. Klyver, and D. F. Jennings. 2009. “An ‘Informed’ Intent Model: Incorporating Human Capital, Social Capital, and Gender Variables Into the Theoretical Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions.” In Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind, edited by Malin Brännback, 35–50. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Holmes, R., and S. Uphadya. 2009. The Role of Cash Transfers in Post-Conflict Nepal. ODI Report. London: ODI.
  • Hosseini, S. S., M. P. Charvadeh, H. Salami, and C. Flora. 2017. “The Impact of the Targeted Subsidies Policy on Household Food Security in Urban Areas in Iran.” Cities 63: 110–117.
  • Hu, S., and J. Chen. 2016. “Place-Based Inter-Generational Communication on Local Climate Improves Adolescents’ Perceptions and Willingness to Mitigate Climate Change.” Climatic Change 138 (3-4): 425–438.
  • Hussain, I., and E. Biltonen. 2001. “Irrigation Against Rural Poverty: An Overview of Issues and Pro-Poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia.” Paper presented at the Proceedings of National Workshops on Pro-Poor intervention strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia.
  • Hussain, I., and M. Giordano. 2003. Water and Poverty Linkages. Case Studies from Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
  • IPCC. 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1535 pp.
  • Joshi, P. K., A. Gulati, S. P. Birthal, and L. Tewari. 2004. “Agricultural Diversification in South Asia: Patterns, Determinants and Policy Implications.” Economic and Political Weekly 39 (24): 52–53.
  • Keshavarz, M. 2018. “Addressing Barriers of Rural Development Under Drought.” Journal of Research and Rural Planning 7 (2): 135–156.
  • Khoshmaram, M., N. Shiri, R. S. Shinnar, and M. Savari. 2020. “Environmental Support and Entrepreneurial Behavior among Iranian Farmers: The Mediating Roles of Social and Human Capital.” Journal of Small Business Management 58 (5): 1064–1088.
  • Kifle, S., B. Teferi, A. Kebedom, and A. Legesse. 2016. “Factors Influencing Farmers Decision on the Use of Introduced Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the Lowland’s of Wenago Woreda, Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia.” American Journal of Rural Development 4 (1): 24–30.
  • Knueppel, D., M. Demment, and L. Kaiser. 2010. “Validation of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in Rural Tanzania.” Public Health Nutrition 13 (3): 360–367.
  • Kolawole, O. D., M. R. Motsholapheko, B. N. Ngwenya, O. Thakadu, G. Mmopelwa, and D. L. Kgathi. 2016. “Climate Variability and Rural Livelihoods: How Households Perceive and Adapt to Climatic Shocks in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.” Weather, Climate, and Society 8 (2): 131–145.
  • Komarek, A., C. K. McDonald, L. W. Bell, J. P. M. Whish, M. J. Robertson, N. D. MacLeod, and W. D. Bellotti. 2012. “Whole-Farm Effects of Livestock Intensification in Smallholder Systems in Gansu, China.” Agricultural Systems 109: 16–24.
  • Kristvik, E., T. M. Muthanna, and K. Alfredsen. 2019. “Assessment of Future Water Availability Under Climate Change, Considering Scenarios for Population Growth and Ageing Infrastructure.” Journal of Water and Climate Change 10 (1): 1–12.
  • Kulmer, V., M. Jury, S. Wong, and D. Kortschak. 2020. “Global Resource Consumption Effects of Borderless Climate Change: EU’s Indirect Vulnerability.” Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 8: 100071.
  • Leah, J., W. Pradel, D. C. Cole, G. Prain, H. Creed-Kanashiro, and M. V. Carrasco. 2013. “Determinants of Household Food Access Among Small Farmers in the Andes: Examining the Path.” Public Health Nutrition 16 (01): 136–145.
  • Li, S., L. Juhász-Horváth, P. A. Harrison, L. Pintér, and M. D. Rounsevell. 2017. “Relating Farmer's Perceptions of Climate Change Risk to Adaptation Behaviour in Hungary.” Journal of Environmental Management 185: 21–30.
  • Mabuza, M. L., M. M. Sithole, E. Walea, G. F. Ortmann, and M. A. G. Darroch. 2013. “Factors Influencing the Use of Alternative Land Cultivation Technologies in Swaziland: Implications for Smallholder Farming on Customary Swazi Nation Land.” Land Use Policy 33: 71–80.
  • Maddox, B., and L. Esposito. 2013. “Literacy Inequalities, Mediation and the Public Good: A Case Study of Physical Proximity and Social Distance in Nepal.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 34 (2): 243–261.
  • Maharjan, K. L., and N. P. Joshi. 2011. “Determinants of Household Food Security in Nepal: A Binary Logistic Regression Analysis.” Journal of Mountain Science 8 (3): 403–413.
  • McTavish, S., S. Moore, S. Harper, and J. Lynch. 2010. “National Female Literacy, Individual Socio-Economic Status, and Maternal Health Care Use in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Social Science & Medicine 71 (11): 1958–1963.
  • Meinke, H., R. Nelson, P. Kokic, R. Stone, R. Selvaraju, and W. Baethgen. 2006. “Actionable Climate Knowledge: From Analysis to Synthesis.” Climate Research 33 (1): 101–110.
  • Meyers, L. S., G. Gamst, and A. J. Guarino. 2006. Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Interpretation Sage Publications. Inc. Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Nicholas, P. K., S. Breakey, M. E. Tagliareni, K. Simmonds, and K. K. Sabo. 2020. “Climate Change and Population Health: Incorporating Stages of Nursing's Political Development.” Nursing Outlook 69 (1): 65–73.
  • Nord, M., M. Andrews, and S. Carlson. 2009. Household Food Security in the United States, 2008. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Econ. Res. Serv: Diane Publishing.
  • Pakmehr, S., M. Yazdanpanah, and M. Baradaran. 2020a. “Explaining Farmers’ Response to Climate Change-Induced Water Stress Through Cognitive Theory of Stress: An Iranian Perspective.” Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1–18.
  • Pakmehr, S., M. Yazdanpanah, and M. Baradaran. 2020b. “How Collective Efficacy Makes a Difference in Responses to Water Shortage Due to Climate Change in Southwest Iran.” Land Use Policy 99: 104798.
  • Pakravan-Charvadeh, M. R., H. A. Khan, and C. Flora. 2020. “Spatial Analysis of Food Security in Iran: Associated Factors and Governmental Support Policies.” Journal of Public Health Policy, 1–24.
  • Pendley, S. C., N. B. Mock, and K. P. Theall. 2020. “How You Measure Matters; Defining Social Capital in Drought-Prone Areas.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 50: 101715.
  • Rahimi-Feyzabad, F., M. Yazdanpanah, R. J. Burton, M. Forouzani, and S. Mohammadzadeh. 2020. “The Use of a Bourdieusian “Capitals” Model for Understanding Farmer’s Irrigation Behavior in Iran.” Journal of Hydrology 591: 125442.
  • Roco, L., D. Poblete, F. Meza, and G. Kerrigan. 2016. “Farmers’ Options to Address Water Scarcity in a Changing Climate: Case Studies from Two Basins in Mediterranean Chile.” Environmental Management 58 (6): 958–971.
  • Rostami, F. 2010. “Designing and Explaining the Components of Social Capital Development in Agricultural Education System.” PhD thesis, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, Tehran University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (In Persian).
  • Rutstein, S. O. 2000. “Factors Associated with Trends in Infant and Child Mortality in Developing Countries During the 1990s.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78 (10): 1256–1270.
  • Sachs, J. D. 2005. UN Millennium Project. 2005. Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals: ONU.
  • Sadeghzade, M., M. S. Allahyari, M. H. Ansari, and N. Nezhad Rezaei. 2015. “Analysis of Paddy Farms Sustainability in Rasht Township Using Sustainable Livelihood Approach.” Journal of Agricultural Economics Research 6 (24): 55–70.
  • Salehi, A., and Y. Mehalizade. 2005. “Labor Market Changes, Development, Higher Education and Social Capital.” Proceedings of the Conference on Higher Education and Sustainable Development (In Persian).
  • Savari, M., H. E. Damaneh, and H. E. Damaneh. 2020. “Factors Influencing Local People’s Participation in Sustainable Forest Management.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13 (13): 1–13.
  • Savari, M., and H. Gharechaee. 2020. “Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Iranian Farmers’ Intention for Safe Use of Chemical Fertilizers.” Journal of Cleaner Production 263: 121512.
  • Savari, M., H. Sheykhi, and M. S. Amghani. 2020. “The Role of Educational Channels in the Motivating of Rural Women to Improve Household Food Security.” One Health 10: 100150.
  • Savari, M., and M. Shokati Amghani. 2020. Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies in Confronting the Drought in Iran.” Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1–24.
  • Sen, A. 1998. “Mortality as an Indicator of Economic Success and Failure.” The Economic Journal 108 (446): 1–25.
  • Shah, A. 2010. Patterns of Poverty in Remote Rural Areas a Case Study of a Forestbased Region in Southern Orissa in India. Overseas Development Institute and the Chronic Poverty Research Centre Overseas Development Institute UK Web. Accessed 9, 2012. http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/5504.pdf.
  • Shi, J., V. H. Visschers, and M. Siegrist. 2015. “Public Perception of Climate Change: The Importance of Knowledge and Cultural Worldviews.” Risk Analysis 35 (12): 2183–2201.
  • Shisanya, S., and P. Mafongoya. 2016. “Adaptation to Climate Change and the Impacts on Household Food Security among Rural Farmers in UMzinyathi District of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.” Food Security 8 (3): 597–608.
  • Singh, J., and S. Dhillon. 2004. Agricultural Geography. United State of America: Tata McGraw-Hill.
  • Skaf, L., E. Buonocore, S. Dumontet, R. Capone, and P. P. Franzese. 2020. “Applying Network Analysis to Explore the Global Scientific Literature on Food Security.” Ecological Informatics 56: 101062.
  • Spence, R., and M. L. Smith. 2010. “ICT, Development, and Poverty Reduction: Five Emerging Stories.” Information Technologies & International Development 6 (SE): 11–17.
  • Su, F., and H. Shang. 2012. “Relationship Analysis Between Livelihood Assets and Livelihood Strategies: A Heihe River Basin Example.” Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 4 (3): 265–274.
  • Tahmasebi, T., E. Karami, and M. Keshavarz. 2020. “Agricultural Land Use Change Under Climate Variability and Change: Drivers and Impacts.” Journal of Arid Environments 180: 104202.
  • Tesfaye, W., and L. Seifu. 2016. “Climate Change Perception and Choice of Adaptation Strategies.” International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8 (2): 253–270.
  • Tscharntke, T., Y. Clough, T. C. Wanger, L. Jackson, I. Motzke, I. Perfecto, J. Vandermeer, and A. Whitbread. 2012. “Global Food Security, Biodiversity Conservation and the Future of Agricultural Intensification.” Biological Conservation 151 (1): 53–59.
  • Ubisi, N. R., P. L. Mafongoya, U. Kolanisi, and O. Jiri. 2017. “Smallholder Farmer’s Perceived Effects of Climate Change on Crop Production and Household Livelihoods in Rural Limpopo Province, South Africa.” Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems 3 (1): 27–38.
  • UNICEF. 2008. The State of the World's Children 2009: Maternal and Newborn Health. 9 vols. New York: UNICEF.
  • Van Meijl, H., L. Shutes, H. Valin, E. Stehfest, M. van Dijk, M. Kuiper, A. Tabeau, W.-J. van Zeist, T. Hasegawa, and P. Havlik. 2020. “Modelling Alternative Futures of Global Food Security: Insights from FOODSECURE.” Global Food Security 25: 100358.
  • Walter, P. 1999. “Defining Literacy and its Consequences in the Developing World.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 18 (1): 31–48.
  • Watkins, K. 2007. Human Development Report 2007/8. Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World.
  • Wei, J., A. Hansen, Y. Zhang, H. Li, Q. Liu, Y. Sun, and P. Bi. 2014. “Perception, Attitude and Behavior in Relation to Climate Change: A Survey among CDC Health Professionals in Shanxi Province, China.” Environmental Research 134: 301–308.
  • Wimaladharma, J., D. Pearce, and D. Stanton. 2004. “Remittances: The New Development Finance?” Small Enterprise Development 15 (1): 12–19.
  • World Bank. 2008. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. The World Bank, Washington, DC.
  • Yang, L. E., F. K. S. Chan, and J. Scheffran. 2018. “Climate Change, Water Management and Stakeholder Analysis in the Dongjiang River Basin in South China.” International Journal of Water Resources Development 34 (2): 166–191.
  • Yovel, E. 2013. Shaping Resilience: Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Land Use Planning. UN/ISDR, Incheon, Korea.
  • Zarafshani, K., M. Keshavarz, and T. Malaki. 2014. “Assess the Compatibility of Family Farmers in Times of Drought: Drudframan District in the County of Kermanshah.” The Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development 7 (3): 123–138.
  • Zobeidi, T., M. Yazdanpanah, M. Forouzani, and B. Khosravipour. 2016. “Climate Change Discourse Among Iranian Farmers.” Climatic Change 138 (3-4): 521–535.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.