Reconsidering Radicalisation and Terrorism: the New Muslims Movement in Kabardino-Balkaria and its Path to Violence

References

• Abbas , T. 2007 . Islamic Political Radicalism: a European Perspective , Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Akbarzadeh , S. 2010 . Islam and Political Violence: Muslim Diaspora and Radicalism in the West , London : I.B.Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Akhtar , P. 2005 . “ ‘(Re)turn to religion and radical Islam' ” . In Muslims in Britain: Communities under Pressure , Edited by: Abbas , T. 164 – 76 . London/New York : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Akkiyeva , S. 2009 . Islam v Kabardino-Balkarii , Moscow : Logos .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , C. 2010 . Islamophobia , London : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Rasheed , M. 2007 . Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices from a New Generation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Rasheed , M. and Shterin , M. 2009 . Dying for Faith: Religiously Motivated Violence in the Contemporary World , London : I.B.Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Anthony , D. and Robbins , T. 1981 . “ ‘Cultural crisis and contemporary religion’ ” . In In Gods We Trust , Edited by: T. , Robbins and D. , Anthony . 9 – 31 . New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction .
   Google Scholar
• Anthony , D. and Robbins , T. 1997 . “ ‘Religious totalism, exemplary dualism and the Waco tragedy’ ” . In Millenium, Messiahs, and Mayhem: Contemporary Apocalyptic Movements , Edited by: Robbins , T. and Palmer , S. 261 – 84 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Astemirov , A. 2000 . “ (a copy of this document is at the disposal of the current authors) ” . Spravka o rabote Islamskogo tsentra Kabardino-Balkarii i Kabardino-Balkarskogo Instituta Islamskikh issledovanii po protivosostoyaniyu sektantstvu i religioznomu fanatizmu
   Google Scholar
• Babich , I. and Yarlykapov , A. 2003 . Islamic Revival in Contemporary Kabardino-Balkaria , Moscow : Programme on Global Security and Cooperation .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , E. 1984 . The Making of a Moonie: Brainwashing or Choice? , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , E. 1989 . New Religious Movements: a Practical Introduction , London : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , E. 1995a . ‘The scientific study of religion? You must be joking!’ . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 34 : 287 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker , E. 1995b . ‘Plus ça change …’ . Social Compass , 42 : 165 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , E. 2009 . “ ‘In God's name: practising unconditional love to the death’ ” . In Dying for Faith: Religiously Motivated Violence in the Contemporary World , Edited by: Al-Rasheed , M. and Shterin , M. London : I.B.Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Beckford , J. 1985 . Cult Controversies: Societal Responses to New Religious Movements , London : Tavistock .
   Google Scholar
• Beckford , J. 2003 . Social Theory and Religion , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bellah , R. 1976 . “ ‘The new religious consciousness and the crisis of modernity’ ” . In The New Religious Consciousness , Edited by: C. , Glock and R. , Bellah . 335 – 52 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bromley , D. 2002 . “ ‘Dramatic denouements’ ” . In Cults, Religion, and Violence , Edited by: D. , Bromley and G. , Melton . 11 – 41 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bromley , D. and Melton , G. 2002 . Cults, Religion, and Violence , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. 1972 . Folk Devils and Moral Panics , St Albans : Paladin .
   Google Scholar
• Coolsaet , R. 2008 . Jihadi Terrorism and the Radicalisation Challenge in Europe , Aldershot : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Dannreuther , R. 2010 . “ ‘Russian discourses and approaches to Islam and Islamism’ ” . In Russia and Islam: State, Society, and Radicalism , Edited by: R. , Dannreuther and L. , March . 9 – 25 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Dassetto , F. 2003 . “ ‘After September 11th: radical Islamic politics in European Islam’ ” . In Muslims in the Enlarged Europe: Religion and Society , Edited by: Marechal , B. , Allievi , S. , Dassetto , F. and Nielsen , J. 489 – 530 . Amsterdam : Brill .
   Google Scholar
• Dawson , L. 2002 . “ ‘Crises of charismatic legitimacy and violent behaviour in new religious movements’ ” . In Cults, Religion and Violence , Edited by: Bromley , D. and Melton , G. Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• Dawson , L. 2010 . ‘The study of New Religious Movements and the radicalization of home-grown terrorists: opening a dialogue’ . Terrorism and Political Violence , 21 ( 1 ) : 1 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Devji , F. 2005 . Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity , London : Hurst & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Hahn , G. 2006 . “ The Rise of Islamist Extremism in Kabardino-Balkaria ” . www.demokratizatsiya.org/bin/pdf/DEM%2013-4%20Hahn.pdf (last accessed 5 July 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Hahn , G. 2007 . Russia's Islamic Threat , New Haven : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , J. 2000 . Apocalypse Observed: Religious Movements and Violence in North America, Europe, and Japan , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hamid , S. 2009 . “ ‘The attraction of “authentic Islam”: Salafism and British Muslim youth’ ” . In Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement , Edited by: Meijer , R. 384 – 403 . London : Hurst & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Herbert , R. 1978 . ‘Max Weber's elective affinities: sociology within the bounds of pure reason’ . American Journal of Sociology , 84 : 366 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Herrera , L. and Bayat , A. 2010 . Being Young and Muslim , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , S. 2004 . Islam in Russia: the Politics of Identity and Security , London : M.E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• Ignatenko , A. 2009 . “ ‘Ugroza svobode sovesti s neozhidannoi storony: vakhkhabizm v Rossii’ ” . In Dvadtsat’ let religioznoi svobody v Rossii , Edited by: A. , Malashenko and S. , Filatov . 262 – 93 . Moscow : Carnegie Endowment .
   Google Scholar
• Kepel , G. 2005 . The Roots of Radical Islam , London : Saqi Books .
   Google Scholar
• Khosrokhavar , F. 2009 . Inside Jihadism: Understanding Jihadi Movements Worldwide , London : Paradigm .
   Google Scholar
• Kisriyev , E. 2004 . Islam i vlast’ v Dagestane , Moscow : OGI .
   Google Scholar
• Kisriyev , E. 2009 . “ ‘Islam i sotsial'nyye konflikty na Severnom Kavkaze’ ” . In Religiya i konflikt , Edited by: A. , Malashenko and S. , Filatov . 107 – 29 . Moscow : Carnegie Endowment .
   Google Scholar
• Makarov , D. 2007 . ‘Nesostoyavsheyesya vozrozhdeniye umerennogo islamizma v Dagestane’ . Islam v sovremennom mire: vnutrigosudarstvenny i mezhdunarodno-politichesky aspekt , 7 : 19 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Malashenko , A. 2006 . Islamskaya al'ternativa i islamistsky proyekt , Moscow : Carnegie Endowment .
   Google Scholar
• McAdam , D. , Tarrow , S. and Tilly , S. 2001 . Dynamics of Contention , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Meijer , R. 2009a . Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement , London : Hurst .
   Google Scholar
• Meijer , R. 2009b . “ ‘Introduction’ ” . In Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement , Edited by: R. , Meijer . 1 – 32 . London : Hurst .
   Google Scholar
• Melton , G. and Bromley , D. 2009 . “ ‘Violence and new religions: an assessment of problems, progress, and prospects in understanding the NRM-violence connnection’ ” . In Dying for Faith: Religiously Motivated Violence in the Contemporary World , Edited by: Al-Rasheed , M. and Shterin , M. London : I.B.Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Moghadam , A. 2006 . The Roots of Terrorism , New York : Chelsea House .
   Google Scholar
• Oleson , T. and Richardson , J. 2007 . “ ‘The confluence of research traditions on religion and terrorism: a social psychological examination’ ” . In Psicologia politica Vol. 34 , 39 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Pargeter , A. 2008 . The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe , London : I.B Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Ranstorp , M. 2009 . Understanding Violent Radicalisation , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Reader , I. 2002 . “ ‘Dramatic confrontations: Aum Shinrikyo against the world’ ” . In Cults, Religion, & Violence , Edited by: D. , Bromley and G. , Melton . 189 – 208 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , J. 2001 . ‘Minority religions in the context of violence’ . Terrorism and Political Violence , 13 ( 1 ) : 103 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , O. 2004 . Globalized Islam: the Search for a New Ummah , London : Hurst .
   Google Scholar
• Silant'yev , R. 2008 . Islam v sovremennoi Rossii , Moscow : Algoritm .
   Google Scholar
• Tilly , C. 1978 . From Mobilisation to Revolution , Reading : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Tipton , S. 1982 . Getting Saved from the Sixties , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vertigans , S. 2007 . Militant Islam: a Sociology of Characteristics, Causes and Consequences , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Wallis , R. “ ‘Charisma and explanation’ ” . In Secularism, Rationalism and Sectarianism , Edited by: E. , Barker . 167 – 79 . Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Wessinger , C. 2000 . How the Millennium Comes Violently , Chappaqua, NY : Seven Bridges Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wiktorowicz , Q. 2005 . Radical Islam Rising: Muslim Extremism in the West , Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , B. 1982 . “ ‘The new religions: preliminary considerations’ ” . In New Religious Movements: a Perspective for Understanding Society , Edited by: Barker , E. New York : Edwin Mellen Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , S. 2002 . “ ‘Public agency involvement in government – religious movement confrontations’ ” . In Cults, Religion, and Violence , Edited by: D. , Bromley and G. , Melton . 102 – 22 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , S. 2007 . Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , S. 2009 . “ ‘Martyrs and martial imagery: exploring the volatile link between warfare frames and religious violence’ ” . In Dying for Faith: Religiously Motivated Violence in the Contemporary World , Edited by: Al-Rasheed , M. and Shterin , M. London : I.B.Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Yarlykapov , A. 2009 . “ ‘Islamskoye vozrozhdeniye v Kabardino-Balkarii’ ” . In Islam v Yevrope i v Rossii , Edited by: Demintseva , Ye . 200 – 214 . Moscow : Mordzhani .
   Google Scholar
• Yarlykapov , A. 2010 . “ ‘Folk Islam’ and Muslim youth of the Central and North-West Caucasus' ” . In Religion and Politics in Russia , Edited by: M. , Balzer . London : M.E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• Yemelianova , G. 2005 . ‘Kinship, ethnicity and religion in post-communist societies: Russia's Autonomous Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria’ . Ethnicities , 5 ( 1 ) : 51 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yemelianova , G. 2010 . Radical Islam in the Former Soviet Union , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Zhukov , A. 2008 . Kabardino-Balkariya: na puti k katastrophe www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/142989/#pre (last accessed 7 July 2011)
   Google Scholar