Regional integration and technology diffusion: The case of Uruguay

References

• Aghion , P. , Blundell , R. , Griffith , R. , Howitt , P. and Prantl , S. The effects of entry on incumbent innovation and productivity . Working Paper 12027 . National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) .
   Google Scholar
• Aghion , P. and Griffith , R. 2005 . Competition and growth: Reconciling theory and evidence , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Aghion , P. and Howitt , P. 1992 . A model of growth through creative destruction . Econometrica , 60 ( 2 ) : 323 – 351 . doi: 10.2307/2951599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANBERD . 2000 . Database , DSTI/EAS Division .
   Google Scholar
• Antía , F. 2001 . La economía uruguaya en 1985–2000: políticas económicas, resultados y desafíos. Documento de trabajo 4/01 , Instituto de Economía .
   Google Scholar
• Bertola , L. , Bianchi , C. , Darscht , P. , Pittaluga , L. , Reig , N. , Roman , C. , Snoeck , M. and Willebald , H. 2005 . Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion en Uruguay: Diagnostico, Prospectiva y Politicas http://www.iadb.org/regions/re1/econ/RE1-RN-05-001.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Blomström , M. and Wolff , E. 1994 . “ Multinational corporations and productivity convergence in Mexico ” . In Convergence of productivity: Cross-national studies and historical evidence , Edited by: Baumol , W. , Nelsonand , R. and Wolff , E. 115 – 43 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Branstetter , L. G. 2001 . Are knowledge spillovers intranational or international in scope? Evidence from the U.S. and Japan . Journal of International Economics , 53 ( 1 ) : 53 – 79 . doi: 10.1016/S0022-1996(00)00068-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2011 . Brazilian Institute of National Statistics and Geography (IBGE) http://www1.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/industria/pia/empresas/default.shtm
   Google Scholar
• Brown , D. K. , Deardorff , A. V. and Stern , R. M. 2007 . A North American free tradeagreement: Analytical issues and a computational assessment . The World Economy , 15 ( 1 ) : 11 – 30 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.1992.tb00792.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantwell , J. 1989 . Technological innovation and multinational corporation , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Casacuberta , C. , Fachola , G. and Gandelman , N. 2004 . The impact of trade liberalization on employment, capital and productivity dynamics: Evidence from the Uruguayan manufacturing sector . Journal of Policy Reform , 7 ( 4 ) : 225 – 248 . doi: 10.1080/1384128042000285200
   Google Scholar
• Castellani , D. and Zanfei , A. 2003 . Technology gaps, absorptive capacity and the impact of inward investment on productivity of European firms . Economics of Innovation and New Technology , 12 ( 6 ) : 459 – 480 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , W. and Levinthal , D. 1989 . Innovation and learning: The two faces of R&D . Economic Journal , 99 : 569 – 596 . doi: 10.2307/2233763
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coe , D. and Helpman , E. 1995 . International R&D spillovers . European Economic Review , 39 ( 5 ) : 859 – 887 . doi: 10.1016/0014-2921(94)00100-E
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton , J. and Kortum , S. 1999 . International technology diffusion: Theory and measurement . International Economic Review , 40 : 537 – 70 . doi: 10.1111/1468-2354.00028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coe , D. , Helpman , E. and Hoffmaister , A. 1997 . North–South R&D spillovers . Economic Journal , 107 ( 440 ) : 134 – 149 . doi: 10.1111/1468-0297.00146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falvey , N. , Foster , N. and Greenaway , D. 2002 . North–South trade, knowledge spillovers and growth . Journal of Economic Integration , 17 ( 4 ) : 650 – 670 . doi: 10.11130/jei.2002.17.4.650
   Google Scholar
• Findlay , R. 1978 . Relative backwardness, direct foreign investment, and the transfer of technology: A simple dynamic model . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 92 : 1 – 16 . doi: 10.2307/1885996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freijo , J. L. 1998 . Estrategia de transferencia de tecnología desde los Organismos Publicos de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Master dissertation in the Master Programme of Politics and Management of Science and Technology , Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Buenos Aires, mimeo .
   Google Scholar
• Griffith , R. , Redding , S. and Simpson , H. Productivity convergence andforeign ownership at the establishment level . CEPR Discussion Paper no. 3765 .
   Google Scholar
• Griffith , R. , Redding , S. and van Reene , J. 2004 . Mapping the two faces of R&D, productivity growth in a panel of industries . Review of Economics and Statistics , 86 ( 4 ) : 883 – 895 . doi: 10.1162/0034653043125194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griliches , Z. 1979 . Issues in assessing the contribution of R&D to productivity growth . The Bell Journal of Economics , 10 : 92 – 116 . doi: 10.2307/3003321
   Google Scholar
• Griliches , Z. 1988 . Technology, education and productivity, essays in applied econometrics , 384 Oxford : Blackwell Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Grossman , G. M. and Helpman , E. 1991 . Innovation and growth in the global economy , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , R. E. and C. I. , Jones. 1999 . Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others? . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 114 ( 1 ) : 83 – 116 . doi: 10.1162/003355399555954
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Monetary Fund (IMF) . 2002 . Financial statistics
   Google Scholar
• Keller , W. 1998 . Are international R&D spillovers trade-related: Analyzing spillovers among randomly matched trade partners . European Economic Review , 42 ( 8 ) : 1469 – 1481 . doi: 10.1016/S0014-2921(97)00092-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , W. 2000 . o trade patterns and technology flows affect productivity growth? . The World Bank Economic Review , 14 ( 1 ) : 17 – 47 . doi: 10.1093/wber/14.1.17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , W. 2002 . Geographic localization of international technology diffusion . The American Economic Review , 92 ( 1 ) : 120 – 142 . doi: 10.1257/000282802760015630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , W. 2004 . International technology diffusion . Journal of Economic Literature , 42 ( 3 ) : 752 – 782 . doi: 10.1257/0022051042177685
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokko , A. 1994 . Technology, market characteristics and spillovers . Journal of Development Economics , 43 ( 2 ) : 279 – 293 . doi: 10.1016/0304-3878(94)90008-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokko , A. , Tansini , R. and Zejan , M. 1996 . Local technological capabilities and productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector . Journal of Development Studies , 32 ( 4 ) : 602 – 611 . doi: 10.1080/00220389608422430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane , P. J. and Lubatkin , M. 1998 . Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning . Strategic Management Journal , 19 ( 5 ) : 461 – 477 . doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199805)19:5<461::AID-SMJ953>3.0.CO;2-L
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levinshon , J. , Petrin , A. and A. 2003 . Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables . The Review of Economic Studies , 70 ( 2 ) : 317 – 341 . doi: 10.1111/1467-937X.00246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , R. 1988 . On the mechanics of economic development . Journal of Monetary Economics , 22 ( 1 ) : 3 – 42 . doi: 10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumenga-Neso , O. , Olarreaga , M. and Schiff , M. 2005 . On ‘indirect’ trade-related R&D spillovers . European Economic Review , 49 ( 7 ) : 1785 – 1798 . doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicita , A. and Olarreaga , M. Trade and production, 1976–99 . World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 2701 . Washington , DC November). http://www.worldbank.org\research\trade
   Google Scholar
• Mani , S. Government, innovation and technology policy, an analysis of the Brazilian experience during the 1990s . Discussion Paper No. 2001-11 . United Nations University, Institute for New Technologies .
   Google Scholar
• Moncarz , P. and Vaillant , M. 2010 . Who wins in South–South trade agreements? New evidence for MERCOSUR . Journal of Applied Economics 13, no. 2: 305–34 ,
   Google Scholar
• Mordecki , G. 2002 . Principales Objetivos e Instrumentos de la Politica Economica Aplicada en Uruguay: 1990–2002 , Instituto de Economía, Series Nota de Clase, NC 1/03, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas, Universidad de la República, Uruguay .
   Google Scholar
• Olarreaga , M. , Schiff , M. and Wang , Y. Trade-related technology diffusion and the dynamics of North–South and South–South integration . World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 2861 .
   Google Scholar
• 2004 . Red Iberoamericana de Indicadores en Ciencia y Tecnología http://www.ricyt.org
   Google Scholar
• Rivera-Batiz , L. and Romer , P. M. 1991 . Economic integration and endogenous Growth . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 106 ( 2 ) : 531 – 555 . doi: 10.2307/2937946
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer , P. M. 1986 . Increasing returns and long-run growth . Journal of Political Economy , 94 ( 5 ) : 1002 – 2037 . doi: 10.1086/261420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff , M. and Wang , Y. Regional integration and technology diffusion: The case of NAFTA . World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3132, September 2003; Central Bank of Chile, Working Paper 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Schiff , M. and Wang , Y. Education, governance and trade-related technology diffusion in Latin America . IZA Discussion Paper Series 1028 . Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) .
   Google Scholar
• Schiff , M. and Wang , Y. 2006 . North–South technology diffusion, regional integration, and the dynamics of the ‘Natural Trading Partners’ hypothesis . Canadian Journal of Economics , 39 ( 3 ) : 831 – 844 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2006.00372.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff , M. and Winter , A. 2003 . Regional integration and development , The World Bank/Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Teece , D. J. 1977 . Technology transfer by multinational firms: The resource cost of transferring technological know-how . The Economic Journal , 87 : 242 – 1 . doi: 10.2307/2232084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viner , J. 1950 . The custom union issue , New York : Carnegie Endowment for International Peace .
   Google Scholar
• Viotti , E. B. National learning systems: A new approach on technical change in late industrializing economies and evidences from the cases of Brazil and South Korea . Paper presented at the workshop on the global governance of technology, meeting the needs of developing counties, science technology and innovation programme, April 2001, Kennedy School of Government . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• von Hippel , E. 1994 . ‘Sticky information’ and the locus of problem solving: Implications for innovation . Management Science , 40 ( 4 ) : 429 – 39 . doi: 10.1287/mnsc.40.4.429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Trade Organisation. 1998. Trade policy review – uruguay. Report by the Secretariat. Geneva, Switzerland
   Google Scholar
• Yeats , A. 1998 . Does MERCOSUR's trade performance raise concerns about theeffects of regional trade arrangements? . The World Bank Economic Review , 12 ( 1 ) : 1 – 28 . doi: 10.1093/wber/12.1.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar