What aspects of mindfulness and emotion regulation underpin self-harm in individuals with borderline personality disorder?

References

• Althubaiti, A. (2016). Information bias in health research: Definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 9, 211. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S104807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). APA.
   Google Scholar
• Asensio-Martínez, Á., Masluk, B., Montero-Marin, J., Olivan-Blázquez, B., Navarro-Gil, M. T., García-Campayo, J., & Magallón-Botaya, R. (2019). Validation of Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire–Short form, in Spanish, general health care services patients sample: Prediction of depression through mindfulness scale. PLoS One, 14(4), e0214503.
   Google Scholar
• Baer, R. (2010). Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illuminating the theory and practice of change. New Harbinger Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Barnicot, K., Katsakou, C., Marougka, S., & Priebe, S. (2011). Treatment completion in psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123(5), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01652.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasco-Fontecilla, H., de Leon, V., Delgado-Gomez, D., Giner, L., Guillaume, S., & Courtet, P. (2013). Emptiness and suicidal behavior: An exploratory review. Suicidol Online, 4, 21–32.
   Google Scholar
• Bohlmeijer, E., Klooster, P. M. t., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011). Psychometric properties of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. Assessment, 18(3), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111408231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken-Minor, K. L., & McDevitt-Murphy, M. E. (2014). Differences in features of non-suicidal self-injury according to borderline personality disorder screening status. Archives of Suicide Research: Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 18(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2013.809040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brereton, A., & McGlinchey, E. (2020). Self-harm, emotion regulation, and experiential avoidance: A systematic review. Archives of Suicide Research: Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 24(Suppl. 1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1563575
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brickman, L. J., Ammerman, B. A., Look, A. E., Berman, M. E., & McCloskey, M. S. (2014). The relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and borderline personality disorder symptoms in a college sample. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-6673-1-14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caltabiano, G., & Martin, G. (2017). Mindless suffering: The relationship between mindfulness and non-suicidal self-injury. Mindfulness, 8(3), 788–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0657-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmona, I., Farrés, C., Elices, M., Soler, J., Domínguez-Clavé, E., Martín-Blanco, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salvador, R., Martinez-Horta, S., & Pascual, J. C. (2019). Effects of mindfulness training on the default mode network in borderline personality disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(5), 562–571. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. (2009). Mindful emotion regulation: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 560–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, A. L., Specht, M. W., & Cellucci, T. (2005). Borderline personality disorder and deliberate self-harm: Does experiential avoidance play a role? Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 35(4), 388–399. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2005.35.4.388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, K., Stebbing, C., Stritzke, W., & Page, A. (2017). A brief mindfulness intervention attenuates desire to escape following experimental induction of the interpersonal adversity implicated in suicide risk. Mindfulness, 8(4), 1096–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0686-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Didonna, F., & Gonzalez, Y. R. (2009). Mindfulness and feelings of emptiness. In Clinical handbook of mindfulness (pp. 125–151). Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09593-6_9
   Google Scholar
• Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Aldao, A., & De Los Reyes, A. (2015). Repertoires of emotion regulation: A person-centered approach to assessing emotion regulation strategies and links to psychopathology. Cognition & Emotion, 29(7), 1314–1325. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.983046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Chapman, A. L., & Turner, B. J. (2015). A preliminary pilot study comparing dialectical behavior therapy emotion regulation skills with interpersonal effectiveness skills and a control group treatment. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 6(4), 369–388. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.041714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feliu-Soler, A., Pascual, J. C., Borràs, X., Portella, M. J., Martín-Blanco, A., Armario, A., Alvarez, E., Pérez, V., & Soler, J. (2014). Effects of dialectical behaviour therapy‐mindfulness training on emotional reactivity in borderline personality disorder: preliminary results. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21(4), 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders, clinician version (SCID-5-CV). American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2015). User’s guide for the SCID-5-PD (structured clinical interview for DSM-5 personality disorder). American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1355–1381. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). The required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratz, K. L., Breetz, A., & Tull, M. T. (2010). The moderating role of borderline personality in the relationships between deliberate self-harm and emotion-related factors. Personality and Mental Health, 4(2), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2008). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self‐harm among female undergraduate students at an Urban Commuter University. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701819524
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grenyer, B. F., Ng, F. Y., Townsend, M. L., & Rao, S. (2017). Personality disorder: A mental health priority area. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(9), 872–875. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417717798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: Insights from neurobiological, psychological, and clinical studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 220. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., Zahl, D., & Weatherall, R. (2003). Suicide following deliberate self-harm: Long-term follow-up of patients who presented to a general hospital. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 182, 537–542. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.6.537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi, N., Igarashi, M., Imai, A., Yoshizawa, Y., Asamura, K., Ishikawa, Y., Tokunaga, T., Ishimoto, K., Tatebayashi, Y., Harima, H., Kumagai, N., Ishii, H., & Okazaki, Y. (2017). Motivation factors for suicidal behavior and their clinical relevance in admitted psychiatric patients. PloS One, 12(4), e0176565. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.
   Google Scholar
• Iani, L., Lauriola, M., Chiesa, A., & Cafaro, V. (2019). Associations between mindfulness and emotion regulation: The key role of describing and nonreactivity. Mindfulness, 10(2), 366–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0981-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, H., & Burgess, P. (2002). Personality disorders in the community: Results from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37(6), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270200017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, H. (2013). The prevention and handling of the missing data. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 64(5), 402–406. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2013.64.5.402
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041–1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravi, M., & Hassani, F. (2022). The protective effect of emotional intelligence on suicidality: A multiple mediation model among patients with borderline personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 189, 111488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. D. (2008). What is emptiness? Clarifying the 7th criterion for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22(4), 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2008.22.4.418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. D., & Glenn, C. R. (2009). Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Psychometric properties of the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, A. Z., Aljabari, R., Dalrymple, K., & Zimmerman, M. (2020). Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide: Differences between those with and without borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34(1), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan, M. M., & Kehrer, C. A. (1993). Borderline personality disorder. In Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual (2nd ed., pp. 396–441). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Luoma, J., & Villatte, J. L. (2012). Mindfulness in the treatment of suicidal individuals. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(2), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, H. Z., & Baxter, E. E. (2017). Mediators of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and psychological well-being in female college students. Mindfulness, 8(2), 398–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0611-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, C. E., Lewis, K. L., Huxley, E., Townsend, M. L., & Grenyer, B. F. (2018). A 1-year follow-up study of capacity to love and work: What components of borderline personality disorder most impair interpersonal and vocational functioning? Personality and Mental Health, 12(4), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, C. E., Townsend, M. L., Day, N. J. S., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2020). Measuring the shadows: A systematic review of chronic emptiness in borderline personality disorder. PLoS ONE, 15(7), e0233970. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, C. E., Townsend, M. L., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2021). Understanding chronic feelings of emptiness in borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-021-00164-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, R., Roberts, R., Bartsch, D., & Sullivan, T. (2019). Changes in mindfulness facets in a dialectical behaviour therapy skills training group program for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 75(6), 958–969. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, J., Snowdon, S., Gopold, M., & Guymer, E. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment for symptoms of borderline personality disorder: A public sector pilot study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(4), 527–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health and Medical Research Council. (2012). Clinical practice guideline for the management of borderline personality disorder. Guideline development committee.
   Google Scholar
• Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 339–363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickard, J. A., Finch, A., Huxley, E., Townsend, M. L., Deuchar, S., Lewis, K. L., Pratt, J., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2021). Assessing the efficacy of a stepped-care group treatment programme for borderline personality disorder: Study protocol for a pragmatic trial. Trials, 22(1), 383. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05327-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichl, C., & Kaess, M. (2021). Self-harm in the context of borderline personality disorder. Current Opinion in Psychology, 37, 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes‐Ortega, M. A., Miranda, E. M., Fresán, A., Vargas, A. N., Barragán, S. C., García, R. R., & Arango, I. (2020). Clinical efficacy of a combined acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, and functional analytic psychotherapy intervention in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 93(3), 474–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sleuwaegen, E., Houben, M., Claes, L., Berens, A., & Sabbe, B. (2017). The relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and alexithymia in borderline personality disorder: “Actions instead of words”. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 77, 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Bales, D. L., de Vos, J., Lucas, Z., Verheul, R., & Luyten, P. (2017). Subtypes of borderline personality disorder patients: A cluster-analytic approach. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 4(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-017-0066-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soler, J., Elices, M., Pascual, J. C., Martin-Blanco, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Carmona, C., & Portella, M. J. (2016). Effects of mindfulness training on different components of impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: Results from a pilot randomized study. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation; London, 3, 1. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1767700696/abstract/EB54540090924E12PQ/1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soloff, P. H., Lynch, K. G., Kelly, T. M., Malone, K. M., & Mann, J. J. (2000). Characteristics of suicide attempts of patients with major depressive episode and borderline personality disorder: A comparative study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(4), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. J., Jomar, K., Dhingra, K., Forrester, R., Shahmalak, U., & Dickson, J. M. (2018). A meta-analysis of the prevalence of different functions of non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 759–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, J., Ren, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, Z., Xu, S., & Lin, M. P. (2018). Emotional dysregulation and nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychiatry, 08(2), 733–748. https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000399
   Google Scholar
• Yusainy, C., & Lawrence, C. (2014). Relating mindfulness and self-control to harm to the self and to others. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeifman, R. J., Boritz, T., Barnhart, R., Labrish, C., & McMain, S. F. (2020). The independent roles of mindfulness and distress tolerance in treatment outcomes in dialectical behavior therapy skills training. Personality Disorders, 11(3), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000368
   PubMedGoogle Scholar