720
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Rehabilitation in Practice

Assessment methods in sexual rehabilitation after stroke: a scoping review for rehabilitation professionals

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 4126-4148 | Received 07 Aug 2020, Accepted 08 Feb 2021, Published online: 09 Mar 2021

References

  • Grenier-Genest A, Gérard M, Courtois F. Stroke and sexual functioning: a literature review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2017;41(2):293–315.
  • McCabe MP, Cummins RA, Deeks AA. Sexuality and quality of life among people with physical disability. Sexual Disabil. 2000;18(2):115–123.
  • Robinson J, Molzahn A. Sexuality and quality of life. J Gerontol Nurs. 2007;33(3):19–29.
  • Korpelainen JT, Nieminen P, Myllyla VV. Sexual functioning among stroke patients and their spouses. Stroke. 1999;30(4):715–719.
  • Kim JH. Relationship among sexual knowledge, frequency, satisfaction, marital intimacy and levels of depression in stroke survivors and their spouses. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2008;38(3):483–491.
  • Geyh S, Cieza A, Schouten J, et al. ICF core sets for stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36(Suppl):135–141.
  • McGrath M, Lever S, McCluskey A, et al. How is sexuality after stroke experienced by stroke survivors and partners of stroke survivors? A systematic review of qualitative studies. Clin Rehabil. 2019;33(2):293–303.
  • Stein J, Hillinger M, Clancy C, et al. Sexuality after stroke: patient counseling preferences. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35(21):1842–1847.
  • Calabrò RS, Bramanti P. Post-stroke sexual dysfunction: an overlooked and under-addressed problem. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(3):263–264.
  • Mountain A, Patrice Lindsay M, Teasell R, et al. Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: rehabilitation, recovery, and community participation following stroke. part two: transitions and community participation following stroke. Int J Stroke. 2020;0(0):1747493019897847.
  • Dyer K, das Nair R. Why don't healthcare professionals talk about sex? A systematic review of recent qualitative studies conducted in the United kingdom. J Sex Med. 2013;10(11):2658–2670.
  • Haboubi NHJ, Lincoln N. Views of health professionals on discussing sexual issues with patients. Disabil Rehabil. 2003;25(6):291–296.
  • Auger L-P. Neurosexuality in rehabilitation: fostering the contribution of occupational therapists. Brain Inj Prof. 2019;16(2):24–26.
  • Vajrala KR, Potturi G, Agarwal A. A pilot study of randomized clinical controlled trail on role of physiotherapy on physical and psychological dimensions of sexual health in post stroke patients. Ind J Physioth Occupat Ther Int J. 2019;13(4):73–77.
  • Guo M, Bosnyak S, Bontempo T, et al. Let's talk about sex! - improving sexual health for patients in stroke rehabilitation. BMJ Qual Improv Report. 2015;4(1):u207288.w2926.
  • Lepage C, Auger LP, Rochette A. Sexuality in the context of physical rehabilitation as perceived by occupational therapists. Disabil Rehabil. 2020. DOI:10.1080/09638288.2020.1715494
  • Courtois F, Gérard M, Charvier K, et al. Assessment of sexual function in women with neurological disorders: a review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;61(4):235–244.
  • Calabro RS, Gervasi G, Bramanti P. Male sexual disorders following stroke: an overview. Int J Neurosci. 2011;121(11):598–604.
  • Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–473.
  • Mokkink LB, De Vet HC, Prinsen CA, et al. COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1171–1179.
  • Duhn LJ, Medves JM. A systematic integrative review of infant pain assessment tools. Adv Neonatal Care. 2004;4(3):126–140.
  • Thomas H. Sexual function after stroke: a case report on rehabilitation intervention with a geriatric survivor. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2016;32(3):204–209.
  • Millenbruch JL. Sexuality and quality of life  after stroke. Madison: University of Wisconsin; 2009.
  • Law M, Baptiste S, McColl M, et al. The Canadian occupational performance measure: an outcome measure for occupational therapy. Can J Occup Ther. 1990;57(2):82–87.
  • Eyssen IC, Steultjens MP, Oud TA, et al. Responsiveness of the Canadian occupational performance measure. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(5):517–528.
  • Cup EH, Scholte Op Reimer WJ, Thijssen MC, et al. Reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in stroke patients. Clin Rehabil. 2003;17(4):402–409.
  • Yang SY, Lin CY, Lee YC, et al. The Canadian occupational performance measure for patients with stroke: a systematic review. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017;29(3):548–555.
  • Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, et al. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke. 1999;30(10):2131–2140.
  • Seymour LM, Wolf TJ. Participation changes in sexual functioning after mild stroke. OTJR: occupation, participation and health. OTJR (Thorofare N J). 2014;34(2):72–80.
  • Ferrans CE, Powers MJ. Quality of life index: development and psychometric properties. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1985;8(1):15–24.
  • Ferrans CE, Powers MJ. Psychometric assessment of the Quality of Life Index. Res Nurs Health. 1992;15(1):29–38.
  • Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, et al. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11(6):319–326.
  • Tibaek S, Gard G, Dehlendorff C, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction, and quality of life in poststroke men: a controlled cross-sectional study [comparative study]. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(3):748–756.
  • Winder K, Seifert F, Kohrmann M, et al. Lesion mapping of stroke-related erectile dysfunction. Brain. 2017;140(6):1706–1717.
  • Sikiru L, Shmaila H, Yusuf GS. Erectile dysfunction in older male stroke patients: correlation between side of hemiplegia and erectile function. Afr J Reprod Health. 2009;13(2):49–54.
  • Radic B, Unusic L, Juren-Measki S, et al. Erectile dysfunction in patients with neurologic disorders. Neurologia Croatica. 2013;62(1–2):11–19.
  • Ossou-Nguiet PM, Odzebe ASW, Bandzouzi-Ndamba B, et al. [Erectile dysfonction after stroke in Brazzaville]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2012;168(6–7):538–542.
  • Jung JH, Kam SC, Choi SM, et al. Sexual dysfunction in male stroke patients: correlation between brain lesions and sexual function. Urology. 2008;71(1):99–103.
  • Bener A, Al-Hamaq AO, Kamran S, et al. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in male stroke patients, and associated co-morbidities and risk factors [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Int Urol Nephrol. 2008;40(3):701–708.
  • Tibaek S, Gard G, Dehlendorff C, et al. The effect of pelvic floor muscle training on sexual function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms after stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2015;22(3):185–193.
  • Dai H, Wang J, Zhao Q, et al. Erectile dysfunction and associated risk factors in male patients with ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional study. Medicine. 2020;99(1):e18583.
  • Li Y, Yu X, Liu R, et al. Acupuncture for erectile dysfunction in post-stroke patients: study protocol clinical trial (SPIRIT compliant). Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(15):e19718.
  • Purwata TE, Andaka D, Nuartha AABN, et al. Positive correlation between left hemisphere lesion and erectile dysfunction in post-stroke patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(3):363–368.
  • Koehn J, Crodel C, Deutsch M, et al. Erectile dysfunction (ED) after ischemic stroke: association between prevalence and site of lesion [research support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Clin Auton Res. 2015;25(6):357–365.
  • Neijenhuijs KI, Holtmaat K, Aaronson NK, et al. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-a systematic review of measurement properties. J Sex Med. 2019;16(7):1078–1091.
  • Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, et al. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997;49(6):822–830.
  • Epprecht L, Messerli M, Samuel R, et al. Sexual dysfunction after good-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg. 2018;111:e449–e453.
  • Rodrigues Pereira AR, de Sousa Dantas D, Torres VB, et al. Association among sexual function, functional independence and quality of life in patients after cerebrovascular accident. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa. 2017;24(1):54–61.
  • Duits A, van Oirschot N, van Oostenbrugge RJ, et al. The relevance of sexual responsiveness to sexual function in male stroke patients. J Sex Med. 2009;6(12):3320–3326.
  • Jeon SW, Yoo KH, Kim TH, et al. Correlation of the erectile dysfunction with lesions of cerebrovascular accidents. J Sex Med. 2009;6(1):251–256.
  • Locke H, Wallace K, Homfm J. Therapy f. marital adjustment test. In: Fredman N, Sherman R, editors. Handbook of Measurements for Marriage and Family Therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1987. p. 46–50.
  • Crowne DP, Marlowe D. A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J Consult Psychol. 1960;24(4):349–354.
  • Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, et al. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26(2):191–208.
  • Yilmaz H, Gumus H, Yilmaz SD, et al. The evaluation of sexual function in women with stroke. Neurol India. 2017;65(2):271–276.
  • Chaturvedi SK, Bhola P. Sexual dysfunction in women post stroke: the hidden morbidity. Neurol India. 2017;65(2):277–278.
  • Neijenhuijs KI, Hooghiemstra N, Holtmaat K, et al. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)-a systematic review of measurement properties. J Sex Med. 2019;16(5):640–660.
  • Keller A, McGarvey EL, Clayton AH. Reliability and construct validity of the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire short-form (CSFQ-14). J Sex Marital Ther. 2006;32(1):43–52.
  • Song H, Oh H, Kim H, et al. Effects of a sexual rehabilitation intervention program on stroke patients and their spouses. NeuroRehabilitation. 2011;28(2):143–150.
  • Sansom J, Ng L, Zhang N, et al. Let's talk about sex: a pilot randomised controlled trial of a structured sexual rehabilitation programme in an Australian stroke cohort. Int J Ther Rehabil. 2015;22(1):21–29.
  • Ng L, Sansom J, Zhang N, et al. Effectiveness of a structured sexual rehabilitation programme following stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2017;49(4):333–340.
  • Oyewole OO, Ogunlana MO, Gbiri CAO, et al. Sexual dysfunction in a nigerian stroke cohort: a comparative cross-sectional study. Sex Disabil. 2017;35(3):341–351.
  • Garcia-Portilla MP, Saiz PA, Fonseca E, et al. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short-Form (CSFQ-14) in patients with severe mental disorders. J Sex Med. 2011;8(5):1371–1382.
  • Hudson WW, Harrison DF, Crosscup PC. A short‐form scale to measure sexual discord in dyadic relationships. J Sex Res. 1981;17(2):157–174.
  • Chambon X. Testimony on the sexuality of post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Sexologies. 2011;20(2):102–105.
  • McGahuey CA, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA, et al. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): reliability and validity. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26(1):25–40.
  • Taylor JF, Rosen RC, Leiblum SR. Self-report assessment of female sexual function: psychometric evaluation of the brief index of sexual functioning for women. Arch Sex Behav. 1994;23(6):627–643.
  • Braun M, Klotz T, Reifenrath B, et al. “KEED”-erster deutschsprachig validierter Fragebogen zur Erfassung der männlichen sexuellen Funktion. Aktuelle Urologie. 1998;29(6):300–305.
  • Bohm M, Baumhakel M, Probstfield JL, et al. Sexual function, satisfaction, and association of erectile dysfunction with cardiovascular disease and risk factors in cardiovascular high-risk patients: substudy of the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized AssessmeNT Study in ACE-INtolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (ONTARGET/TRANSCEND) [multicenter study randomized controlled trial]. Am Heart J. 2007;154(1):94–101.
  • Heinemann LAJ, Potthoff P, Heinemann K, et al. Scale for Quality of Sexual Function (QSF) as an outcome measure for both genders? J Sex Med. 2005;2(1):82–95.
  • Adams SG, Jr., Dubbert PM, Chupurdia KM, et al. Assessment of sexual beliefs and information in aging couples with sexual dysfunction. Arch Sex Behav. 1996;25(3):249–260.
  • Derogatis LR, Melisaratos N. The DSFI: a multidimensional measure of sexual functioning. J Sex Marital Ther. 1979;5(3):244–281.
  • Janssen E, Vorst H, Finn P, et al. The Sexual Inhibition (SIS) and Sexual Excitation (SES) Scales: I. Measuring sexual inhibition and excitation proneness in men. J Sex Res. 2002;39(2):114–126.
  • Graham CA, Sanders SA, Milhausen R. The sexual excitation/sexual inhibition inventory for women: psychometric properties. Arch Sex Behav. 2006;35(4):397–409.
  • Milhausen RR, Graham CA, Sanders SA, et al. Validation of the sexual excitation/sexual inhibition inventory for women and men. Arch Sex Behav. 2010;39(5):1091–1104.
  • Vroege J. Eleven questions on sexual functioning (ESF). An extension of the questionnaire for screening sexual dynsfunctions (QSF). Leiden (The Netherlands): Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Leiden; 1998.
  • Meesters JJL, van de Ven DPHW, Kruijver E, et al. Counselled patients with stroke still experience sexual and relational problems 1–5 years after stroke rehabilitation. Sex Disabil. 2020;38(3):533–545.
  • Andersen BL, Cyranowski J. psychology s. Women's Sexual Self-Schema. 1994;67(6):1079–1100.
  • Andersen BL, Cyranowski JM, Espindle D. Men's sexual self-schema. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;76(4):645–661.
  • Fugl-Meyer AR, Bränholm I-B, Fugl-Meyer K. Happiness and domain-specific life satisfaction in adult northern Swedes. Clin Rehabil. 1991;5(1):25–33.
  • Forsberg-Wärleby G, Möller A, Blomstrand C. Spouses of first-ever stroke victims: sense of coherence in the first phase after stroke [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. J Rehabil Med. 2002;34(3):128–133.
  • Forsberg-Wärleby G, Möller A, Blomstrand C. Life satisfaction in spouses of patients with stroke during the first year after stroke [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36(1):4–11.
  • Carlsson GE, Moller A, Blomstrand C. Consequences of mild stroke in persons <75 years – A 1-year follow-up. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;16(4):383–388.
  • Carlsson GE, Forsberg-Wärleby G, Möller A, et al. Comparison of life satisfaction within couples one year after a partner's stroke [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. J Rehabil Med. 2007;39(3):219–224.
  • Boonstra AM, Reneman MF, Stewart RE, et al. Life satisfaction questionnaire (Lisat-9): reliability and validity for patients with acquired brain injury. Int J Rehabil Res. 2012;35(2):153–160.
  • Post MW, van Leeuwen CM, van Koppenhagen CF, et al. Validity of the Life Satisfaction questions, the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(10):1832–1837.
  • Van Leeuwen C, Van Der Woude L, Post MJSC. Validity of the mental health subscale of the SF-36 in persons with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2012;50(9):707–710.
  • Woolrich RA, Kennedy P, Tasiemski T. A preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in 963 people living with a spinal cord injury. Psychol Health Med. 2006;11(1):80–90.
  • Post MW, de Bruin A, de Witte L, et al. The SIP68: a measure of health-related functional status in rehabilitation medicine. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(5):440–445.
  • Fugl-Meyer AR, Melin R, Fugl-Meyer K. Life satisfaction in 18- to 64-year-old Swedes: in relation to gender, age, partner and immigrant status. J Rehabil Med. 2002;34(5):239–246.
  • Langhammer B, Sunnerhagen KS, Stanghelle JK, et al. Life satisfaction in persons with severe stroke - a longitudinal report from the Sunnaas International Network (SIN) stroke study. Eur Stroke J. 2017;2(2):154–162.
  • Abzhandadze T, Forsberg-Warleby G, Holmegaard L, et al. Life satisfaction in spouses of stroke survivors and control subjects: a 7-year follow-up of participants in the Sahlgrenska Academy study on ischaemic stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2017;49(7):550–557.
  • Ekstrand E, Lexell J, Brogardh C. Test-retest reliability of the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-11) and association between items in individuals with chronic stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2018;50(8):713–718.
  • Fugl-Meyer KS, Nilsson MI, von Koch L, et al. Closeness and life satisfaction after six years for persons with stroke and spouses. J Rehabil Med. 2019;51(7):492–498.
  • Wang R, Zhang T, Langhammer B. Activities of daily living and life satisfaction of persons with stroke after rehabilitation in China: a longitudinal descriptive study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2019;26(2):113–121.
  • Mibu A, Nishigami T, Tanaka K, et al. Validation of the Japanese version of the life satisfaction checklist (LiSat-11) in patients with low back pain: a cross-sectional study. J Orthop Sci. 2018;23(6):895–901.
  • The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(12):1569–1585.
  • Piravej K, Konjen N, Cowintaveewat V, et al. Early interdisciplinary intensive rehabilitation significantly improves the quality of life of stroke survivors: a multi-center study. Asian Biomed. 2014;8(1):87–95.
  • Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O'Connell KA. The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Qual Life Res. 2004;13(2):299–310.
  • Belio C, Prouteau A, Koleck M, et al. Participation restrictions in patients with psychiatric and/or cognitive disabilities: preliminary results for an ICF-derived assessment tool. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2014;57(2):114–137.
  • Babin N, Theux G, Sibon I, et al. Patient and general practitioner perceptions of post-stroke difficulties may not always agree [Letter]. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017;60(2):117–119.
  • World Health Organization. International classification of functioning, disability and health: World Health Organization; 2001 [cited 2019 Jul 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/
  • Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561–571.
  • Beck AT, Steer RA, Carbin M. Psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77–100.
  • Richter P, Werner J, Heerlein A, et al. On the validity of the beck depression inventory. a review. Psychopathology. 1998;31(3):160–168.
  • Dozois DJ, Dobson KS, Ahnberg J. A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II. Psychol Assess. 1998;10(2):83–89.
  • Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23:56–61.
  • Li JJ, Yuan HW, Wang CX, et al. Impact of libido at 2 weeks after stroke on risk of stroke recurrence at 1-year in a Chinese stroke cohort study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015;128(10):1288–1292.
  • Bagby RM, Ryder AG, Schuller DR, et al. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: has the gold standard become a lead weight? Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(12):2163–2177.
  • Starr LB, Robinson RG, Price TR, editors. The social functioning exam: an assessment for stroke patients. Soc Work Res Abstr. 1982;18(4):28–33.
  • Kimura M, Murata Y, Shimoda K, et al. Sexual dysfunction following stroke [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.]. Compr Psychiatry. 2001;42(3):217–222.
  • Starr LB, Robinson RG, Price TR. Reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the social functioning exam in the assessment of stroke patients. Exp Aging Res. 1983;9(2):101–106.
  • Folstein MF, Robins LN, Helzer J. The mini-mental state examination. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40(7):812–812.
  • Morrow GR, Chiarello RJ, Derogatis L. A new scale for assessing patients' psychosocial adjustment to medical illness. Psychol Med. 1978;8(4):605–610.
  • Garlinghous NM. Sexuality of male cerebral vascular accident victims. Sex Disabil. 1987;8(2):67–72.
  • Weissman MM, Sholomskas D, John K. The assessment of social adjustment. An update. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981;38(11):1250–1258.
  • Derogatis L. The psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (PAIS). J Psychosom Res. 1986;30(1):77–91.
  • Philp I, Brainin M, Walker MF, et al. Development of a poststroke checklist to standardize follow-up care for stroke survivors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;22(7):e173–e180.
  • Turner GM, Mullis R, Lim L, et al. Using a checklist to facilitate management of long-term care needs after stroke: insights from focus groups and a feasibility study. BMC Fam Pract. 2019;20(1):2.
  • Arrindell WA, Boelens W, Lambert HJP. On the psychometric properties of the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ): evaluation of self-ratings in distressed and ‘normal’volunteer couples based on the Dutch version. Pers Individ Differ. 1983;4(3):293–306.
  • Joseph O, Alfons V, Rob S. Further validation of the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ). Psychol Health Med. 2007;12(3):346–352.
  • Fougeyrollas P, Noreau L, Bergeron H, et al. Social consequences of long term impairments and disabilities: conceptual approach and assessment of handicap. Int J Rehabil Res. 1998;21(2):127–141.
  • Rozon J, Rochette A. Changes in life habits affected by mild stroke and their association with depressive symptoms. J Rehabil Med. 2015;47(6):495–501.
  • Noreau L, Desrosiers J, Robichaud L, et al. Measuring social participation: reliability of the LIFE-H in older adults with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(6):346–352.
  • Desrosiers J, Noreau L, Robichaud L, et al. Validity of the assessment of life habits in older adults. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36(4):177–182.
  • Law M, Polatajko H, Pollock N, et al. Pilot testing of the Canadian occupational performance measure: clinical and measurement issues. Can J Occup Ther. 1994;61(4):191–197.
  • Braun M, Wassmer G, Klotz T, et al. Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: results of the 'Cologne Male Survey'. Int J Impot Res. 2000;12(6):305–311.
  • Whoqol Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551–558.
  • Monga TN, Lawson JS, Inglis J. Sexual dysfunction in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67(1):19–22.
  • McCall-Hosenfeld JS, Freund KM, Legault C, et al. Sexual satisfaction and cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Med. 2008;121(4):295–301.
  • Korpelainen JT, Kauhanen ML, Kemola H, et al. Sexual dysfunction in stroke patients [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Acta Neurol Scand. 1998;98(6):400–405.
  • Sjögren K, Fugl-Meyer AR. Adjustment to life after stroke with special reference to sexual intercourse and leisure. J Psychosom Res. 1982;26(4):409–417.
  • Humphrey M. Sexual consequences of cerebrovascular accident: discussion paper. J R Soc Med. 1985;78(5):388–390.
  • Giaquinto S, Buzzelli S, Di Francesco L, et al. Evaluation of sexual changes after stroke [Intérêt sur la sexualité, impact sur le conjoint, apport du psycho important]. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(3):302–307.
  • Edmans J. An investigation of stroke patients resuming sexual activity. Br J Occup Ther. 1998;61(1):36–38.
  • de Freitas Lucena EM, Queiroz Silva Ribeiro KS, Marcos de Moraes R, et al. Relationship between body functions and referral to rehabilitation post-stroke. Fisioter Mov. 2017;30(1):141–150.
  • Choi-Kwon S, Kim JS. Poststroke emotional incontinence and decreased sexual activity. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002;13(1):31–37.
  • Cheung RT. Sexual functioning in Chinese stroke patients with mild or no disability. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002;14(2):122–128.
  • Berry M, Perez R, Young E, et al. Assessing need for couples post-stroke: negative and positive factors associated with relationship satisfaction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(10):e35-e35.
  • Akinpelu AO, Osose AA, Odole AC, et al. Sexual dysfunction in Nigerian stroke survivors. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13(3):639–645.
  • Agarwal A, Jain DC. Male sexual dysfunction after stroke. J Assoc Physicians India. 1989;37(8):505–507.
  • Dusenbury W, Hill TJ, Mosack V, et al. Risk factors, depression, and drugs influencing sexual activity in individuals with and without stroke. Rehabilitation Nurs. 2020;45(1):23–29.
  • Na Y, Htwe M, Rehman CA, et al. Sexual dysfunction after stroke-A biopsychosocial perspective. Int J Clin Pract. 2020;74(7):e13496.
  • Habot B, Rabinovitz H, Friedman J, et al. Sexual function among male hemiparetic post-CVA patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1989;37(10):1003–1004.
  • Stead A, White J. Loss of intimacy: a cost of caregiving in aphasia. Top Lang Disord. 2019;39(1):55–70.
  • Howes H, Edwards S, Benton D. Male body image following acquired brain injury [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Brain Inj. 2005;19(2):135–147.
  • Bugnicourt JM, Hamy O, Canaple S, et al. Impaired sexual activity in young ischaemic stroke patients: an observational study [Observational Study]. Eur J Neurol. 2014;21(1):140–146.
  • Boldrini P, Basaglia N, Calanca MC. Sexual changes in hemiparetic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;72(3):202–207.
  • Aloni R, Ring H, Rozenthul N, et al. Sexual function in male patients after stroke – a follow-up study. Sex Disabil. 1993;11(2):121–128.
  • Aloni R, Schwartz J, Ring H. Sexual function in post-stroke female patients. Sex Disabil. 1994;12(3):191–199.
  • Tamam Y, Tamam L, Akil E, et al. Post-stroke sexual functioning in first stroke patients. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15(7):660–666.
  • Aloni R, Heller L, Keren O, et al. Noninvasive treatment for erectile dysfunction in the neurogenically disabled population. J Sex Marital Ther. 1992;18(3):243–249.
  • Sjogren K, Fugl-Meyer AR. Sexual problems in hemiplegia. Int Rehabil Med. 1981;3(1):26–31.
  • Sjogren K, Damber JE, Liliequist B. Sexuality after stroke with hemiplegia. I. Aspects of sexual function. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1983;15(2):55–61.
  • Sjogren K. Sexuality after stroke with hemiplegia. II. With special regard to partnership adjustment and to fulfilment. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1983;15(2):63–69.
  • Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L. Post-stroke hemiplegia and sexual intercourse. Scand J Rehabil Med (Suppl). 1980;7:158–166.
  • Coslett HB, Heilman KM. Male sexual function. Impairment after right hemisphere stroke [Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.]. Arch Neurol. 1986;43(10):1036–1039.
  • Buzzelli S, Di Francesco L, Giaquinto S, et al. Psychological and medical aspects of sexuality following stroke. Sex Disabil. 1997;15(4):261–270.
  • Bray GP, DeFrank RS, Wolfe TL. Sexual functioning in stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1981;62(6):286–288.
  • Allsup-Jackson G. Sexual dysfunction of stroke patients. Sex Disabil. 1981;4(3):161–168.
  • Yilmaz SD, Gumus H, Yilmaz H. Sexual life of poststroke women with mild or no disability: a qualitative study. J Sex Marital Ther. 2015;41(2):145–154.
  • Schmitz MA, Finkelstein M. Perspectives on poststroke sexual issues and rehabilitation needs. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2010;17(3):204–213.
  • Nilsson MI, Fugl-Meyer K, von Koch L, et al. Experiences of sexuality six years after stroke: a qualitative study. J Sex Med. 2017;14(6):797–803.
  • Mitchell-Pedersen SL. Impact of stroke on  a couple's sexual relationship. Canada: University of Toronto; 1994.
  • McCarthy MJ, Bauer E. In sickness and in health: couples coping with stroke across the life span. Health Social Work. 2015;40(3):e92–e100.
  • Lever S, Pryor J. The impact of stroke on female sexuality. Disabil Rehabil. 2017;39(20):2011–2020.
  • Lemieux L, Cohen-Schneider R, Holzapfel S. Aphasia and sexuality. Sex Disabil. 2001;19(4):253–266.
  • Carod J, Egido J, González JL, et al. Poststroke sexual dysfunction and quality of life [case reports comment letter]. Stroke. 1999;30(10):2238–2239.
  • Kattari SK. Sexual experiences of adults with physical disabilities: negotiating with sexual partners. Sex Disabil. 2014;32(4):499–513.
  • Hawton K. Sexual adjustment of men who have had strokes. J Psychosom Res. 1984;28(3):243–249.
  • Goddess ED, Wagner NN, Silverman DR. Poststroke sexual activity of CVA patients. Med Aspects Hum Sex. 1979;13(3):16–30.
  • Beal CC, Millenbruch J. A qualitative case study of poststroke sexuality in a woman of childbearing age. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2015;44(2):228–235.
  • McCormick GP, Riffer DJ, Thompson M. Coital positioning for stroke afflicted couples. Rehabil Nurs. 1986;11(2):17–19.
  • McCarthy MJ, Lyons KS, Schellinger J, et al. Interpersonal relationship challenges among stroke survivors and family caregivers. Soc Work Health Care. 2020;59(2):91–107.
  • Pryor J, Lever S. Insights into the nature of female sexuality from the perspective of female stroke survivors. Disabil Rehabil. 2020;42(1):71–77.
  • Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS. Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J Anaesth. 2017;11(Suppl 1):S80–S89.
  • Onwuegbuzie AJ, Leech NL. On becoming a pragmatic researcher: the importance of combining quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Int J Soc Res Methodol Theor Pract. 2005;8(5):375–387.
  • Pluye P, Hong QN. Combining the power of stories and the power of numbers: mixed methods research and mixed studies reviews. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:29–45.
  • Auger L-P, Grondin M, Aubertin M, et al. Interventions used by allied health professionals in sexual rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2020:1–16.
  • Fougeyrollas P. La funambule, le fil et la toile: transformations réciproques du sens du handicap. Québec: Les Presses de l’Université Laval; 2010. p. 315.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.