Graded exercise therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in secondary care – a benchmarking studyFootnote

* This article is referred to by: Patients with CFS remain severely disabled after treatment with graded exercise therapy in a specialist clinic in the UK Response to Smakowski et al. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09638288.2022.2048911). Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome can improve with graded exercise therapy: Response to Vink et al. 2022 (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09638288.2022.2059112)

References

• Johnston S, Brenu EW, Staines D, et al. The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol. 2013;5:105–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cairns R, Hotopf M. A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Occup Med. 2005;55(1):20–31.
   Google Scholar
• Stevelink SAM, Fear NT, Hotopf M, et al. Factors associated with work status in chronic fatigue syndrome. Occup Med. 2019;69(6):453–458.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, et al. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121(12):953–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis: international consensus criteria. J Intern Med. 2011;270(4):327–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy): diagnosis and management. National Institute of Clinical Excellence; 2007. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg53/chapter/1-Guidance#diagnosis.
   Google Scholar
• Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, et al. Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;10(10):CD003200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White PD, Goldsmith KA, Johnson AL, et al. Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9768):823–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin SM, Crawley E. Specialist treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/ME: a cohort study among adult patients in England. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):488.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crawley E, Collin SM, White PD, et al. Treatment outcome in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective study in England based on the CFS/ME National Outcomes Database. QJM. 2013;106(6):555–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quarmby L, Rimes KA, Deale A, et al. Cognitive-behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: comparison of outcomes within and outside the confines of a randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(6):1085–1094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minami T, Serlin RC, Wampold BE, et al. Using clinical trials to benchmark effects produced in clinical practice. Qual Quant. 2008;42(4):513–525.
   Google Scholar
• Shadish WR, Matt GE, Navarro AM, et al. Evidence that therapy works in clinically representative conditions. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65(3):355–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz JR, Weiss B, Donenberg GR. The lab versus the clinic: effects of child and adolescent psychotherapy. Am Psychol. 1992;47(12):1578–1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulcher KY, White PD. Randomised controlled trial of graded exercise in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ. 1997;314(7095):1647–1652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1970;2(2):92–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Csuka M, McCarty DJ. Simple method for measurement of lower extremity muscle strength. Am J Med. 1985;78(1):77–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solway S, Brooks D, Lacasse Y, et al. A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk tests used in the cardiorespiratory domain. Chest. 2001;119(1):256–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpe MC. A report – chronic fatigue syndrome: guidelines for research. J R Soc Med. 1991;84(2):118–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella M, Chalder T. Measuring fatigue in clinical and community settings. J Psychosom Res. 2010;69(1):17–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalder T, Berelowitz G, Pawlikowska T, et al. Development of a Fatigue Scale. J Psychosom Res. 1993;37(2):147–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella M, Sharpe M, Chalder T. Measuring disability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: reliability and validity of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. J Psychosom Res. 2011;71(3):124–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundt JC, Marks IM, Shear MK, et al. The Work and Social Adjustment Scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180(5):461–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchwald D, Pearlman T, Umali J, et al. Functional status in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, other fatiguing illnesses, and healthy individuals. Am J Med. 1996;101(4):364–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, et al. The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: an updated literature review. J Psychosom Res. 2002;52(2):69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, Version 26.0. Armonk (NY): IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Holm S. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat. 1979;6(2):65–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Powell P. Randomised controlled trial of patient education to encourage graded exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ. 2001;322(7283):387–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss-Morris R, Sharon C, Tobin R, et al. A randomized controlled graded exercise trial for chronic fatigue syndrome: outcomes and mechanisms of change. J Health Psychol. 2005;10(2):245–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark LV, Pesola F, Thomas JM, et al. Guided graded exercise self-help plus specialist medical care versus specialist medical care alone for chronic fatigue syndrome (GETSET): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10092):363–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al., editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.1, in Chapter 6 Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. 6.5.2.2 obtaining standard deviations from standard errors and confidence intervals for group means. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook; Cochrane; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Heins MJ, Knoop H, Burk WJ, et al. The process of cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: which changes in perpetuating cognitions and behaviour are related to a reduction in fatigue? J Psychosom Res. 2013;75(3):235–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalder T, Goldsmith KA, White PD, et al. Rehabilitative therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome: a secondary mediation analysis of the PACE trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(2):141–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar