Sex and gender differences in quality of life and related domains for individuals with adult acquired lower-limb amputation: a scoping review

References

• Johnson JL, Greaves L, Repta R. Better science with sex and gender: facilitating the use of a sex and gender-based analysis in health research. Int J Equity Health. 2009;8:14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• How to integrate sex and gender into research [Internet]. Canadian Institute of Health Research. 2019 Aug 21 [cited 2021 Apr 29]. Available from: https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50836.html
   Google Scholar
• Mollayeva T, El-Khechen-Richandi G, Colantonio A. Sex & gender considerations in concussion research. Concussion. 2018;3(1):CNC51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Podcasy JL, Epperson CN. Considering sex and gender in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2016;18(4):437–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazzarini PA, Pacella RE, Armstrong DG, et al. Diabetes-related lower-extremity complications are a leading cause of the global burden of disability. Diabet Med. 2018;35(9):1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moxey PW, Gogalniceanu P, Hinchliffe RJ, et al. Lower extremity amputations – a review of global variability in incidence. Diabet Med. 2011;28(10):1144–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penn-Barwell JG. Outcomes in lower limb amputation following trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury. 2011;42(12):1474–1479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaşar E, Tok F, Kesikburun S, et al. Epidemiologic data of trauma-related lower limb amputees: a single center 10-year experience. Injury. 2017;48(2):349–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuffler DP. Origins of phantom limb pain. Mol Neurobiol. 2018;55(1):60–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padovani MT, Martins MR, Venancio A, et al. Anxiety, depression and quality of life in individuals with phantom limb pain. Acta Ortop Bras. 2015;23(2):107–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedras S, Carvalho R, Pereira MG. A predictive model of anxiety and depression symptoms after a lower limb amputation. Disabil Health J. 2018;11(1):79–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butowicz CM, Dearth CL, Hendershot BD. Impact of traumatic lower extremity injuries beyond acute care: movement-based considerations for resultant longer term secondary health conditions. Adv Wound Care. 2017;6(8):269–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto ME, Khan M, Jayabalan P, et al. Heterotopic ossification in civilians with lower limb amputations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(9):1710–1713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha R, Van Den Heuvel WJ. A systematic literature review of quality of life in lower limb amputees. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(11):883–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amtmann D, Morgan SJ, Kim J, et al. Health-related profiles of people with lower limb loss. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(8):1474–1483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHOQOL: Measuring Quality of Life [Internet]. World Health Organization. n.d. [cited 2021 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/whoqol-qualityoflife/en/
   Google Scholar
• Moura Neto A, Zantut-Wittmann DE, Fernandes TD, et al. Risk factors for ulceration and amputation in diabetic foot: study in a cohort of 496 patients. Endocrine. 2013;44(1):119–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Hunter J, Philip A, et al. Gender differences in amputation outcome. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(2):122–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain MA, Al-Omran M, Salata K, et al. Population-based secular trends in lower-extremity amputation for diabetes and peripheral artery disease. CMAJ. 2019;191(35):E955–E961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurney JK, Stanley J, York S, et al. Risk of lower limb amputation in a national prevalent cohort of patients with diabetes. Diabetologia. 2018;61(3):626–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peek ME. Gender differences in diabetes-related lower extremity amputations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(7):1951–1955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin L, Shah BR, Bierman AS, et al. Gender differences in the impact of poverty on health: disparities in risk of diabetes-related amputation. Diabet Med. 2014;31(11):1410–1417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzer LA, Sevelda F, Fraberger G, et al. Body image and self-esteem in lower-limb amputees. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danlkin SM, Greenhalgh J, Jones D, et al. What’s in a mechanism? Development of a key concept in realist evaluation. Implement Sci. 2015;10:49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levac D, Colquhoun H, O’Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5:69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):9–32.
   Google Scholar
• Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laferrier JZ, Gailey R. Advances in lower-limb prosthetic technology. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2010;21(1):87–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grzebień A, Chabowski M, Malinowski M, et al. Analysis of selected factors determining quality of life in patients after lower limb amputation – a review article. Pol Przegl Chir. 2017;89(2):57–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davie-Smith F, Coulter E, Kennon B, et al. Factors influencing quality of life following lower limb amputation for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: a systematic review of the literature. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2017;41(6):537–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, et al. Chapter 11.3 the scoping review and summary of the evidence. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. JBI manual for evidences synthesis. Australia: JBI; 2020. Available from: https://synthesismanual.jbi.global. DOI:10.46658/JBIMES-20-12.
   Google Scholar
• Grey matters: a practical tool for searching health-related grey literature [Internet]. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH); 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.cadth.ca/resources/finding-evidence/grey-matters
   Google Scholar
• Godin K, Stapleton J, Kirkpatrick SI, et al. Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: a case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada. Syst Rev. 2015;4:138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramer WM, Giustini D, de Jonge GB, et al. De-duplication of database search results for systematic reviews in endnote. J Med Libr Assoc. 2016;104(3):240–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. A scoping review on the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16:15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters MD, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, et al. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(3):141–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SP, Chien LC, Chin T, et al. Financial difficulty in community-dwelling persons with lower limb loss is associated with reduced self-perceived health and wellbeing. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2020;44(5):290–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sederberg M, Tarkhan A, Ray LS, et al. Physical activity in adults with an amputation as assessed with a self-reported exercise vital sign. PM R. 2020;12(9):861–869.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ward Khan Y, O’Keeffe F, Nolan M, et al. “Not a whole woman”: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the lived experience of women’s body image and sexuality following amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2021;43(2):251–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CK, Chihuri ST, Santo EG, et al. Relevance of medical comorbidities for functional mobility in people with limb loss: retrospective explanatory models for a clinical walking measure and a patient-reported functional outcome. Physiotherapy. 2020;107:133–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu K, Payne MWC, Hunter SW, et al. Risk factors for falls in individuals with lower extremity amputations during the pre-prosthetic phase: a retrospective cohort study. PM R. 2019;11(8):828–833.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Day MC, Wadey R, Strike S. Living with limb loss: everyday experiences of “good” and “bad” days in people with lower limb amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(20):2433–2442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen PS, Randolph MG, Elbaum L, et al. Gender differences in psychosocial and physical outcomes in haitian amputees. Am J Occup Ther. 2018;72(3):7203205090p1–7720320590p8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker JD, Tullett R, Patel N, et al. Short-term mortality, morbidity and recovery milestones after major lower limb amputation: a prospective evaluation of outcomes in a tertiary center. Ann Vasc Surg. 2019;56:261–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira MG, Ramos C, Lobarinhas A, et al. Satisfaction with life in individuals with a lower limb amputation: the importance of active coping and acceptance. Scand J Psychol. 2018;59(4):414–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajardo-Martos I, Roda O, Zambudio-Periago R, et al. Predicting successful prosthetic rehabilitation in major lower-limb amputation patients: a 15-year retrospective cohort study. Braz J Phys Ther. 2018;22(3):205–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morisaki K, Yamaoka T, Iwasa K. Risk factors for wound complications and 30-day mortality after major lower limb amputations in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Vascular. 2018;26(1):12–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods L, Hevey D, Ryall N, et al. Sex after amputation: the relationships between sexual functioning, body image, mood and anxiety in persons with a lower limb amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2018;40(14):1663–1670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansosti LE, Crowell A, Choi ET, et al. Rate of and factors associated with ambulation after unilateral major lower-limb amputation at an urban US tertiary-care hospital with a multidisciplinary limb salvage team. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2017;107(5):355–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillander J, Hagberg K, Berlin O, et al. Osteomyelitis risk in patients with transfemoral amputations treated with osseointegration prostheses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(12):3100–3108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali S, Fatima Haider SK. Psychological adjustment to amputation: variations on the bases of sex, age and cause of limb loss. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottaba. 2017;29(2):303–307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Devan H, Hendrick P, Hale L, et al. Exploring factors influencing low back pain in people with nondysvascular lower limb amputation: a national survey. PM R. 2017;9(10):949–959.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kayssi A, Dilkas S, Dance DL, et al. Rehabilitation trends after lower extremity amputations in Canada. PM R. 2017;9(5):494–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• George J, Newman JM, Caravella JW, et al. Predicting functional outcomes after above knee amputation for infected total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(2):532–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davie-Smith F, Paul L, Nicholls N, et al. The impact of gender, level of amputation and diabetes on prosthetic fit rates following major lower extremity amputation. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2017;41(1):19–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knezevic A, Petkovic M, Mikov A, et al. Factors that predict walking ability with a prosthesis in lower limb amputees. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2016;144(9–10):507–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hisam A, Ashraf F, Rana MN, et al. Health related quality of life in patients with single lower limb amputation. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(10):851–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundell BF, Kremers HM, Visscher S, et al. Predictors of receiving a prosthesis for adults with above-knee amputations in a well-defined population. PM R. 2016;8(8):730–737.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Highsmith MJ, Kahle JT, Knight M, et al. Delivery of cosmetic covers to persons with transtibial and transfemoral amputations in an outpatient prosthetic practice. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2016;40(3):343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chihuri S, Wong CK. Factors associated with the likelihood of fall-related injury among people with lower limb loss. Inj Epidemiol. 2018;5(1):42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawamdeh ZM, Othman YS, Ibrahim AI. Assessment of anxiety and depression after lower limb amputation in Jordanian patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008;4(3):627–633.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knezevic A, Salamon T, Milankov M, et al. Assessment of quality of life in patients after lower limb amputation. Med Pregl. 2015;68(3–4):103–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pet MA, Ko JH, Friedly JL, et al. Traction neurectomy for treatment of painful residual limb neuroma in lower extremity amputees. J Orthop Trauma. 2015;29(9):e321–e325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamlian TR. Use of prostheses in lower limb amputee patients due to peripheral arterial disease. Einstein. 2014;12(4):440–446.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolger D, Ting LH, Sawers A. Individuals with transtibial limb loss use interlimb force asymmetries to maintain multi-directional reactive balance control. Clin Biomech. 2014;29(9):1039–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Laat FA, Dijkstra PU, Rommers GM, et al. Perceived independence and limitations in rising and sitting down after rehabilitation for a lower-limb amputation. J Rehabil Med. 2014;46(8):824–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes MA, Campos-Neto I, Ferraz LC, et al. Adaptation to prostheses among patients with major lower-limb amputations and its association with sociodemographic and clinical data. Sao Paulo Med J. 2014;132(2):80–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel TR, Petroski GF, Kruse RL. Impact of amputation level and comorbidities on functional status of nursing home residents after lower extremity amputation. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(5):1323–1330.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha R, van den Heuvel WJA, Arokiasamy P. Adjustments to amputation and an artificial limb in lower limb amputees. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2014;38(2):115–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong KL, Nather A, Liang S, et al. Clinical outcomes of below knee amputations in diabetic foot patients. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2013;42(8):388–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurichi JE, Vogel WB, Kwong PL, et al. Factors associated with total inpatient costs and length of stay during surgical hospitalization among veterans who underwent lower extremity amputation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;92(3):203–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansam K, O’Connor RJ, Neumann V, et al. Can simple clinical tests predict walking ability after prosthetic rehabilitation? J Rehabil Med. 2012;44(11):968–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes MA, de Barros N Jr., Miranda FJr, et al. Common mental disorders in patients undergoing lower limb amputation: a population-based sample. World J Surg. 2012;36(5):1011–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox PSL, Williams SKP, Weaver SR. Life after lower extremity amputation in diabetics. West Indian Med J. 2011;60(5):536–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frlan-Vrgoc L, Vrbanic TSL, Kraguljac D, et al. Functional outcome assessment of lower limb amputees and prosthetic users with a 2-minute walk test. Coll Antropol. 2011;35(4):1215–1218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dajpratham P, Tantiniramai S, Lukkanapichonchut P. Health-related quality of life among the Thai people with unilateral lower limb amputation. J Med Assoc Thai. 2011;94(2):250–255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dillingham TR, Yacub JN, Pezzin LE. Determinants of postacute care discharge destination after dysvascular lower limb amputation. PM R. 2011;3(4):336–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu JC, Lam K, Nettel-Aguirre A, et al. Incidence and risk factors of falling in the postoperative lower limb amputee while on the surgical ward. PM R. 2010;2(10):926–934.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosmans JC, Geertzen JHB, Post WJ, et al. Factors associated with phantom limb pain: a 31/2-year prospective study. Clin Rehabil. 2010;24(5):444–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struyf PA, van Heugten CM, Hitters MW, et al. The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the intact hip and knee among traumatic leg amputees. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(3):440–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Ripley D, Pentland B, et al. Depression and anxiety symptoms after lower limb amputation: the rise and fall. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(3):281–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erjavec T, Presern-Strukelj M, Burger H. The diagnostic importance of exercise testing in developing appropriate rehabilitation programmes for patients following transfemoral amputation. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2008;44(2):133–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dajpratham P, Tantiniramai S, Lukkapichonchut P, et al. Factors associated with vocational reintegration among the Thai lower limb amputees. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91(2):234–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh R, Hunter J, Philip A. The rapid resolution of depression and anxiety symptoms after lower limb amputation. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21(8):754–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulias C, Meikle B, Pauley T, et al. Return to driving after lower-extremity amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(9):1183–1188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez A, Formigo J. Are Canadian prostheses used? A long-term experience. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2005;29(2):177–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan-Nar Wong M. Changing dynamics in lower-extremity amputation in China. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(9):1778–1781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher P, Maclachlan M. The Trinity amputation and prosthesis experience scales and quality of life in people with lower-limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(5):730–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pezzin LE, Dillingham TR, Mackenzie EJ, et al. Use and satisfaction with prosthetic limb devices and related services. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(5):723–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoppen T, Boonstra A, Groothoff JW, et al. Job satisfaction and health experience of people with a lower-limb amputation in comparison with healthy colleagues. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(5):628–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Refaat Y, Gunnoe J, Hornicek FJ, et al. Comparison of quality of life after amputation or limb salvage. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;397:298–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haboubi NH, Heelis M, Woodruff R, et al. The effect of body weight and age on frequency of repairs in lower-limb prostheses. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2001;38(4):375–377.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adunsky A, Wershawski M, Arad M, et al. Non-traumatic lower limb older amputees: a database survey from a geriatric Centre. Disabil Rehabil. 2001;23(2):80–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilodeau S, Hebert R, Desrosiers J. Lower limb prosthesis utilisation by elderly amputees. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2000;24(2):126–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkataraman K, Fong NP, Chan KM, et al. Rehabilitation outcomes after in-patient rehabilitation for lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016;97(9):1473–1480.
   Google Scholar
• Napieracz-Trzosek I, Gorzkowicz B. [Level of the quality of life after lower limb amputation due to arteriosclerotic disease]. Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2011;13(4):729–738. Polish.
   Google Scholar
• Meulenbelt HEJ, Geertzen JHB, Jonkman MF, et al. Skin problems of the stump in lower-limb amputees: 2. Influence on functioning in daily life. Acta Derm Venereol. 2011;91(2):178–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langford J, Dillon MP, Granger CL, et al. Physical activity participation amongst individuals with lower limb amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(9):1063–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matos DR, Naves JF, de Araujo TCCF. Quality of life of patients with lower limb amputation with prostheses. Estud Psicol. 2020;37:e190047.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly VE, Morgan SJ, Amtmann D, et al. Association of self-reported cognitive concerns with mobility in people with lower limb loss. Disabil Rehabil. 2018;40(1):96–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durmus D, Safaz I, Adiguzel E, et al. The relationship between prosthesis use, phantom pain and psychiatric symptoms in male traumatic limb amputees. Compr Psychiatry. 2015;59:45–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey L, Gallagher P, Desmond D, et al. Goal pursuit, goal adjustment, and affective well-being following lower limb amputation. Br J Health Psychol. 2014;19(2):409–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey L, Gallagher P, Desmond D. A prospective study of the importance of life goal characteristics and goal adjustment capacities in longer term psychosocial adjustment to lower limb amputation. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(2):196–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark RL, Bowling FL, Jepson F, et al. Phantom limb pain after amputation in diabetic patients does not differ from that after amputation in nondiabetic patients. Pain. 2013;154(5):729–732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abeyasinghe NL, de Zoysa P, Bandara KMKC, et al. The prevalence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among soldiers with amputation of a limb or spinal injury: a report from a rehabilitation Centre in Sri Lanka. Psychol Health Med. 2012;17(3):376–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudkiewicz I, Pisarenko B, Herman A, et al. Satisfaction rates amongst elderly amputees provided with a static prosthetic foot. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(21–22):1963–1967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimzadeh MH, Fattahi AS. Long-term clinical outcomes of Iranian veterans with unilateral transfemoral amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(22):1873–1877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson C, Glenn S, Horgan M, et al. A prospective study of factors associated with the presence of phantom limb pain six months after major lower limb amputation in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Pain. 2007;8(10):793–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Back-Pettersson S, Bjorkelund C. Care of elderly lower limb amputees, as described in medical and nursing records. Scand J Caring Sci. 2005;19(4):337–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amosun SL, Mutimura E, Frantz JM. Health promotion needs of physically disabled individuals with lower limb amputation in Rwanda. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27(14):837–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner S, van Ross E, Hale C. Do psychological measures predict the ability of lower limb amputees to learn to use a prosthesis? Clin Rehabil. 2003;17(5):493–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte AS, Carroll LJ. A preliminary examination of the relationship between employment, pain and disability in an amputee population. Disabil Rehabil. 2002;24(9):462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenheimer C, Kerrigan AJ, Garber SL, et al. Sexuality in persons with lower extremity amputations. Disabil Rehabil. 2000;22(9):409–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaunaurd I, Kristal A, Horn A, et al. The utility of the 2-minute walk test as a measure of mobility in people with lower limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(7):1183–1189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sions JM, Manal TJ, Horne JR, et al. Balance-confidence is associated with community participation, perceived physical mobility, and performance-based function among individuals with a unilateral amputation. Physiother Theory Pract. 2020;36(5):607–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowrey S, Naylor H, Russell P, et al. Development of a scoring tool (BLARt score) to predict functional outcome in lower limb amputees. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(19):2324–2332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Laat FA, Dijkstra PU, Rommers GM, et al. Prevalence of comorbidity and its association with demographic and clinical characteristics in persons wearing a prosthesis after a lower-limb amputation. J Rehabil Med. 2018;50(7):629–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stutts LA, Bills SE, Erwin SR, et al. Coping and posttraumatic growth in women with limb amputations. Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(6):742–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunelli S, Fusco A, Iosa M, et al. Mid- to long-term factors influencing functional status of people affected by lower-limb amputation associated with hemiparesis due to stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35(12):982–989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders JE, Allyn KJ, Harrison DS, et al. Preliminary investigation of residual-limb fluid volume changes within one day. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(10):1467–1477.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adegoke BA, Kehinde AO, Akosile CO, et al. Quality of life of Nigerians with unilateral lower limb amputation. DCID. 2013;23(4):76–89.
   Google Scholar
• Muniesa JM, Pou M, Marco E, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with lower limb amputations. Rehabilitacion. 2009;43(1):28–33.
   Google Scholar
• Huang Y. Health-related quality of life, occupation and prosthesis use in elderly people with lower extremity amputation in Taiwan [dissertation]. Ann Arbor (CA): University of Southern California; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Munin MC, Espejo-De Guzman MC, Boninger ML, et al. Predictive factors for successful early prosthetic ambulation among lower-limb amputees. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2001;38(4):379–384.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Legro MW, Reiber GE, Czerniecki JM, et al. Recreational activities of lower-limb amputees with prostheses. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2001;38(3):319–325.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaffalitzky EM. Optimising the prescription and use of lower limb prosthetic technology: a mixed methods approach [dissertation]. Dublin: Dublin City Universty; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Behel JM, Rybarczyk B, Elliot TR, et al. The role of perceived vulnerability in adjustment to lower extremity amputation: a preliminary investigation. Rehabil Psychol. 2002;47(1):92–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairns N, Murray K, Corney J, et al. Satisfaction with cosmesis and priorities for cosmesis design reported by lower limb amputees in the United Kingdom: instrument development and results. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2014;38(6):467–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CK, Chihuri ST, Li G. Risk of fall-related injury in people with lower limb amputations: a prospective cohort study. J Rehabil Med. 2016;48(1):80–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littman AJ, Thompson ML, Arterburn DE, et al. Lower-limb amputation and body weight changes in men. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2015;52(2):159–170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lefebvre KM, Chevan J. The persistence of gender and racial disparities in vascular lower extremity amputation: an examination of HCUP-NIS data (2002–2011). Vasc Med. 2015;20(1):51–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unwin J, Kacperek L, Clarke C. A prospective study of positive adjustment to lower limb amputation. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(11):1044–1050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remes L, Isoaho R, Vahlberg T, et al. Predictors for institutionalization and prosthetic ambulation after major lower extremity amputation during an eight-year follow-up. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2009;21(2):129–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillingham TR, Pezzin LE. Rehabilitation setting and associated mortality and medical stability among persons with amputations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(6):1038–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley MA, Jensen MP, Smith DG, et al. Preamputation pain and acute pain predict chronic pain after lower extremity amputation. J Pain. 2007;8(2):102–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WC, Deathe AB. A prospective study examining balance confidence among individuals with lower limb amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(14–15):875–881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray CD, Fox J. Body image and prosthesis satisfaction in the lower limb amputee. Disabil Rehabil. 2002;24(17):925–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte AS, Niven CA. Variation in phantom limb pain: results of a diary study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001;22(5):947–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majstorovic B, Pesta M. Factors predicting rehabilitation outcome in patients after unilateral transtibial amputation due to peripheral vascular disease. VSP. 2020;77(4):357–362.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg DE, Turner AP, Littman AJ, et al. Body mass index patterns following dysvascular lower extremity amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35(15):1269–1275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couture M, Desrosiers J, Caron CD. Cognitive appraisal and perceived benefits of dysvascular lower limb amputation: a longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52(1):5–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill BF, Evans JJ. Memory and executive function predict mobility rehabilitation outcome after lower-limb amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(13):1083–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams RM, Ehde DM, Smith DG, et al. A two-year longitudinal study of social support following amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(14–15):862–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey L. Goals, adaptive self-regulation, and psychosocial adjustment to lower limb amputation: a longitudinal study [dissertation]. Dublin: Dublin City University; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Gardinier ES, Kelly BM, Wensman J, et al. A controlled clinical trial of a clinically-tuned powered ankle prosthesis in people with transtibial amputation. Clin Rehabil. 2018;32(3):319–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WC, Deathe AB, Harris J. Measurement properties of the Frenchay Activities Index among individuals with a lower limb amputation. Clin Rehabil. 2004;18(4):414–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butland RJ, Pang J, Gross ER, et al. Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease. Br Med J. 1982;284(6329):1607–1608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell LE, Myers AM. The activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50A(1):M28–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier-Gagnon C, Grise MC. Prosthetic profile of the amputee questionnaire: validity and reliability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(12):1309–1314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grise MC, Gauthier-Gagnon C, Martineau GG. Prosthetic profile of people with lower extremity amputation: conception and design of a follow-up questionnaire. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74(8):862–870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ip D. Orthorpedic rehabilitation, assessment, and enablement. Berlin: Springer, 2007. Chapter 10, Amputee rehabilitation; p. 237–285.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher P, MacLachlan M. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Trinity amputation and prosthesis experience scales (TAPES). Rehabil Psychol. 2000;45(2):130–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legro MW, Reiber GD, Smith DG, et al. Prosthesis evaluation questionnaire for persons with lower limb amputations: assessing prosthesis-related quality of life. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(8):931–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amtmann D, Abrahamson D, Morgan S, et al. The plus-M: item bank of mobility for prosthetic limb users. Qual Life Res. 2014;23:39–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54(6):1063–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, et al. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. J Pers Assess. 1996;67(3):588–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, et al. Manual for the Stat-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Groll DL, To T, Bombardier C, et al. The development of a comorbidity index with physical function as the outcome. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58(6):595–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartorius N, Janca A. Psychiatric assessment instruments developed by the World Health Organization. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1996;31(2):55–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward C, Kennedy A. Acculturation strategies, psychological adjustment, and sociocultural competence during cross-cultural transitions. Int J Intercult Relat. 1994;18(3):329–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(1):92–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. The posttraumatic growth inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Trauma Stress. 1996;9(3):455–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen MM. Associations between positive body image and indicators of men’s and women’s mental and physical health. Body Image. 2015;13:67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engkasan JP, Ehsan FM, Chung TY. Ability to return to driving after major lower limb amputation. J Rehabil Med. 2012;44(1):19–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert JS, Ashworth NL. Predictors of return to work following traumatic work-related lower extremity amputation. Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28(10):613–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger CA, Wenke JC. Initial injury severity and social factors determine ability to deploy after combat-related amputation. Injury. 2014;45(8):1231–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franceschini M, Pagliacci MC, Russo T, et al. Occurrence and predictors of employment after traumatic spinal cord injury: the GISEM study. Spinal Cord. 2012;50(3):238–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amos N, McCabe M. The importance of feeling sexually attractive: can it predict an individual’s experience of their sexuality and sexual relationships across gender and sexual orientation? Int J Psychol. 2017;52(5):354–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn KE, Lin L, Bruner DW, et al. Sexual satisfaction and the importance of sexual health to quality of life throughout the life course of U.S. Adults. J Sex Med. 2016;13(11):1642–1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks SG, Atkinson SL, Cimino SR, et al. Sexuality and sexual health in adults with limb loss: a systematic review. Sex Disabil. 2021;39(1):3–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaider T, Manne S, Nelson C, et al. Loss of masculine identity, marital affection, and sexual bother in men with localized prostate cancer. J Sex Med. 2012;9(10):2724–2732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall KSK. Cultural differences in the treatment of sex problems. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2019;11(1):29–34.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher P, O’Donovan MA, Doyle A, et al. Environmental barriers, activity limitations and participation restrictions experienced by people with major limb amputation. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2011;35(3):278–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frohard-Dourlent H, Dobson S, Clark BA, et al. I would have preferred more options: accounting for non-binary youth in health research. Nurs Inq. 2017;24(1):e12150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisner SL, Deutsch MB, Bhasin S, et al. Advancing methods for US transgender health research. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016;23(2):198–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin A, Dodge B, Schick VR, et al. Transgender and genderqueer individuals’ experiences with health care providers: what’s working, what’s not, and where do we go from here? J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2018;29(4):1300–1318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar