Multimodal training with dual-task enhances immediate and retained effects on dual-task effects of gait speed not by cognitive-motor trade-offs in stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial

References

• Weerdesteyn V, de Niet M, van Duijnhoven HJ, et al. Falls in individuals with stroke. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(8):1195–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer-D’Amato P, Shea G, Dowd C. Motor versus cognitive dualtask effects on obstacle negotiation in older adults. Int J Ther Rehabil. 2012;19(4):200–207. doi: 10.12968/ijtr.2012.19.4.200.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen A, Wenman R, Mickelborough J, et al. Dual-task effects of talking while walking on velocity and balance following a stroke. Age Ageing. 2001;30(4):319–323. doi: 10.1093/ageing/30.4.319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyndman D, Ashburn A, Yardley L, et al. Interference between balance, gait and cognitive task performance among people with stroke living in the community. Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28(13-14):849–856. doi: 10.1080/09638280500534994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer-D’Amato P, Altmann LJ, Saracino D, et al. Interactions between cognitive tasks and gait after stroke: a dual task study. Gait Posture. 2008;27(4):683–688. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.09.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer-D’Amato P, Altmann LJ, Behrman AL, et al. Interference between cognition, double-limb support, and swing during gait in community-dwelling individuals poststroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010;24(6):542–549. doi: 10.1177/1545968309357926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer-D’Amato P, Villalobos RM, Vayda MS, et al. Feasibility of dual-task gait training for community-dwelling adults after stroke: a case series. Stroke Res Treatment. 2014;2014:538602.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hyndman D, Ashburn A. Stops walking when talking as a predictor of falls in people with stroke living in the community. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(7):994–997. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.016014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi W, Lee G, Lee S. Effect of the cognitive-motor dual-task using auditory cue on balance of surviviors with chronic stroke: a pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2015;29(8):763–770. doi: 10.1177/0269215514556093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer P, Eskes G, Wallace S, et al. Cognitive-motor interference during functional mobility after stroke: state of the science and implications for future research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(12):2565–2574 e6. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kal E, Prosée R, Winters M, et al. Does implicit motor learning lead to greater automatization of motor skills compared to explicit motor learning? A systematic review. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203591. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kal E, Winters M, van der Kamp J, et al. Is implicit motor learning preserved after stroke? A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0166376. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggard P, Cockburn J, Cock J, et al. Interference between gait and cognitive tasks in a rehabilitating neurological population. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69(4):479–486. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.69.4.479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YR, Chen YC, Lee CS, et al. Dual-task-related gait changes in individuals with stroke. Gait Posture. 2007;25(2):185–190. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.03.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollands KL, Agnihotri D, Tyson SF. Effects of dual task on turning ability in stroke survivors and older adults. Gait Posture. 2014;40(4):564–569. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.06.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Yahya E, Dawes H, Smith L, et al. Cognitive motor interference while walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35(3):715–728. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abernethy B. Dual-task methodology and motor skills research: some applications and methodological constraints. J Human Move Stud. 1988;14(3):101–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim GY, Han MR, Lee HG. Effect of dual-task rehabilitative training on cognitive and motor function of stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(1):1–6. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plummer P, Iyigün G. Effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task gait speed following stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(12):2548–2560. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellecchia GL. Dual-task training reduces impact of cognitive task on postural sway. J Mot Behav. 2005;37(3):239–246. doi: 10.3200/JMBR.37.3.239-246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silsupadol P, Lugade V, Shumway-Cook A, et al. Training-related changes in dual-task walking performance of elderly persons with balance impairment: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gait Posture. 2009;29(4):634–639. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YC, Yang YR, Tsai YA, et al. Cognitive and motor dual task gait training improve dual task gait performance after stroke - A randomized controlled pilot trial. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4070. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04165-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antonio BA, Bonuzzi GMG, Alves CMP, et al. Does dual task merged in a mixed physical exercise protocol impact the mobility under dual task conditions in mild impaired stroke survivors? A feasibility, safety, randomized, and controlled pilot trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2023;45(5):814–821. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2043458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baek CY, Chang WN, Park BY, et al. Effects of dual-task gait treadmill training on gait ability, dual-task interference, and fall efficacy in people with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2021;101(6):1–10. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer P, Eskes G. Measuring treatment effects on dual-task performance: a framework for research and clinical practice. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015;9:225. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meester D, Al-Yahya E, Dennis A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a walking training with simultaneous cognitive demand (dual-task) in chronic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2019;26(3):435–441. doi: 10.1111/ene.13833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang MYC, Yang L, Ouyang H, et al. Dual-task exercise reduces cognitive-motor interference in walking and falls after stroke. Stroke; A J Cerebral Circulation. 2018;49(12):2990–2998. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramaniam S, Wan-Ying Hui-Chan C, Bhatt T. A cognitive-balance control training paradigm using wii fit to reduce fall risk in chronic stroke survivors. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2014;38(4):216–225. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer P, Zukowski LA, Feld JA, et al. Cognitive-motor dual-task gait training within 3 years after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Physiother Theory Pract. 2022;38(10):1329–1344. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1872129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189–198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel P, Bhatt T. Task matters: influence of different cognitive tasks on cognitive-motor interference during dual-task walking in chronic stroke survivors. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2014;21(4):347–357. doi: 10.1310/tsr2104-347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. Gait Posture. 2002;16(1):1–14. doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00156-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobkin BHK, Nadeau SE, Behrman AL, et al. Prediction of responders for outcome measures of locomotor experience applied post stroke trial. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(1):39–50. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2013.04.0080.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goethals I, Audenaert K, Jacobs F, et al. Cognitive neuroactivation using SPECT and the Stroop Colored Word Test in patients with diffuse brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2004;21(8):1059–1069. doi: 10.1089/0897715041651051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer S, Giladi N, Peretz C, et al. Dual-tasking effects on gait variability: the role of aging, falls, and executive function. Movement Disord: Off J Movement Disorder Soc. 2006;21(7):950–957. doi: 10.1002/mds.20848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile A. Skill acquistion: action movement, and neuromotor process. In: Carr J, Shepherd R, Gordon J, editor. Movement science: foundations for physical therapy in rehabilitation. Rockville (MD): Aspen Systems Inc; 1987. p. 93–154.
   Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Huber SK, Knols RH, Arnet P, et al. Motor-cognitive intervention concepts can improve gait in chronic stroke, but their effect on cognitive functions is unclear: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;132:818–837. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor control: translating reserach into clinical practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Sengar S, Raghav D, Verma M, et al. Efficacy of dual-task training with two different priorities instructional sets on gait parameters in patients with chronic stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:2959–2969. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S197632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Yang L, Zhou J, et al. Dual-task training effects on motor and cognitive functional abilities in individuals with stroke: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2018;32(7):865–877. doi: 10.1177/0269215518758482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho KH, Lee HJ, Lee WH. Test-retest reliability of the GAITRite walkway system for the spatio-temporal gait parameters while dual-tasking in post-stroke patients. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(6):512–516. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.932445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, et al. Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA. 2011;305(1):50–58. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy SE, Perera S, Roumani YF, et al. Improvement in usual gait speed predicts better survival in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(11):1727–1734. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01413.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tombaugh TN. Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2004;19(2):203–214. doi: 10.1016/S0887-6177(03)00039-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tombaugh TN. A comprehensive review of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Archiv Clin Neuropsychol. 2006;21(1):53–76. doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2005.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar