Civil Society, Cleavage Structures, and Democracy in Germany

References

• Bartolini, Stefano. 2000. The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860–1980. The Class Divide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bartolini, Stefano. 2005. “La Formation des Clivages.” Revue International de Politique Comparée 12 (1): 9–34.
   Google Scholar
• Beramendi, Pablo, Silja Häusermann, Herbert Kitschelt, and Hanspeter Kriesi, eds. 2015. The Politics of Advanced Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berman, Sheri. 1997. “Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic.” World Politics 49 (3): 401–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelsmann Stiftung. 2020. Gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt in Deutschland 2020. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• BMFSFJ. 2021. Freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland. Zentrale Ergebnisse des Fünften Deutschen Freiwilligensurveys (FWS 2019). Berlin: BMFSFJ.
   Google Scholar
• Bolleyer, Nicole. 2021. “Civil Society – Politically Engaged or Memberserving? A Governance Perspective.” European Union Politics 22 (3): 495–520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornschier, Simon. 2010. Cleavage Politics and the Populist Right: The New Cultural Conflict in Western Europe. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bornschier, Simon. 2012. “Why a Right-Wing Populist Party Emerged in France but Not in Germany: Cleavages and Actors in the Formation of a New Cultural Divide.” European Political Science Review 4 (1): 121–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burst, Tobias, Christoph Ivanusch, Pola Lehmann, Sven Regel, and Lisa Zehnter. 2021. “Rot-Grün-Rot passt am besten zusammen”, ZEIT online, 19.09.2021.
   Google Scholar
• Caiani, Manuela, Donatella della Porta, and Claudius Wagemann. 2012. Mobilizing on the Extreme Right: Germany, Italy and the United States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, Simone, and Jeffrey Kopstein. 2001. “Bad Civil Society.” Political Theory 29 (6): 837–865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouch, Colin. 2016. “Neue Formen der Partizipation: Zivilgesellschaft, Rechtspopulismus und Postdemokratie.” Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen 29 (3): 143–153.
   Google Scholar
• della Porta, Donatella. 2015. Social Movements in Times of Austerity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Diani, Mario. 2015. The Cement of Society: Studying Networks in Localities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dolezal, Martin. 2008. “Germany: The dog That Didn’t Bark.” In West European Politics in the Age of Globalization, edited by Hanspeter Kriesi, Edgar Grande, Romain Lachat, Martin Dolezal, Simon Bornschier, and Timotheus Frey, 208–234. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dritter Engagementbericht. 2020. “Zukunft Zivilgesellschaft: Junges Engagement im digitalen Zeitalter.” Deutscher Bundestag, 19. Wahlperiode, Drucksache 19/19320, May 14.
   Google Scholar
• Ekiert, Grzegorz. 2019. Civil Society as a Threat to Democracy: The Case of Poland. Unpublished Manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Enquete-Kommission. 2002. “Report of the Study Commission ‘Zukunft des Bürgerschaftlichen Engagements’: Bürgerschaftliches Engagement: auf dem Weg in eine zukunftsfähige Bürgergesellschaft.” Deutscher Bundestag, 14. Wahlperiode, Drucksache 14/8900, June 02.
   Google Scholar
• Foa, Roberto Stefan, and Grzegorz Ekiert. 2017. “The Weakness of Postcommunist Civil Society Reassessed.” European Journal of Political Research 56: 419–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugni, Marco, and Maria Grasso, eds. 2015. Austerity and Protest: Popular Contention in Times of Economic Crisis. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• GLES. 2019. “Rolling Cross-Section-Wahlkampfstudie mit Nachwahl-Panelwelle (GLES 2017)”. (ZA6803 Datenfile Version 1.0.0) Köln: GESIS Datenarchiv. doi:10.4232/1.12941.
   Google Scholar
• Grande, Edgar. 2018a. “Der Wandel politischer Konfliktlinien - Strategische Herausforderungen und Handlungsoptionen für die Volksparteien.” In Zwischen Offenheit und Abschottung. Wie die Politik zurück in die Mitte findet, edited by Wilfried Mack, 17–43. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder.
   Google Scholar
• Grande, Edgar. 2018b. “;Zivilgesellschaft, politischer Konflikt und soziale Bewegungen.” Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen 31 (1-2): 52–59.
   Google Scholar
• Grande, Brigitte, Edgar Grande, and Udo Udo Hahn. eds. 2021. Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland. Aufbrüche, Umbrüche, Ausblicke. Bielefeld: transcript.
   Google Scholar
• Grande, Edgar, and Swen Hutter. 2016. “Introduction: European Integration and the Challenge of Politicization.” In Politicizing Europe, edited by Swen Hutter, Edgar Grande, and Hanspeter Kriesi, 3–31. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grande, Edgar, and Hanspeter Kriesi. 2015. “Die Eurokrise: Ein Quantensprung in der Politisierung des europäischen Integrationsprozesses?” Politische Vierteljahresschrift 56 (3): 479–505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grande, Edgar, Tobias Schwarzbözl, and Mathias Fatke. 2019. “Politicizing Immigration in Western Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 26 (10): 1444–1463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greskovits, Béla. 2020. “Rebuilding the Hungarian Right Through Conquering Civil Society: The Civic Circles Movement.” East European Politics 36 (2): 247–266. doi:10.1080/21599165.2020.1718657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häusler, Alexander, and Jan Schedler. 2016. “Neue Formen einer flüchtlingsfeindlichen sozialen Bewegung von rechts.” Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen 29 (2): 11–20.
   Google Scholar
• Heinze, Anna-Sophie, and Manès Weisskircher. 2022. “How Political Parties Respond to Pariah Street Protest: The Case of Anti-Corona Mobilization in Germany”, German Politics, Special Issue on “Civil society, social movements, and the polarization of German politics”, Advance Online Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Hellemans, Staf. 2020. “Pillarization (‘Verzuiling’). On Organized ‘Self-Contained Worlds’ in the Modern World.” American Sociologist 51: 124–147. doi:10.1007/s12108-020-09449-x.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks. 2018. “Cleavage Theory Meets Europe’s Crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the Transnational Cleavage.” Journal of European Public Policy 25 (1): 109–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutter, Swen, Edgar Grande, and Hanspeter Kriesi, eds. 2016. Politicizing Europe: Integration and Mass Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, Swen, and Hanspeter Kriesi, eds. 2019. European Party Politics in Times of Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, Swen, and Hanspeter Kriesi. 2021. “Politicizing Immigration in Times of Crisis.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, doi:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1853902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutter, Swen, and Manès Weisskircher. 2022. “New contentious politics. Civil society, social movements, and the polarization of German politics”, German Politics, Special Issue on “Civil society, social movements, and the polarization of German politics”, Advance Online Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald. 1998. Modernisierung und Postmodernisierung. Frankfurt a.M.: Campus.
   Google Scholar
• Kleffner, Heike, and Matthias Meisner. 2017. “Vorwort: 1990 bis 2016 – Unter Sachsen.” In Unter Sachsen. Zwischen Wut und Willkommen, edited by Heike Kleffner, and Matthias Meisner, 8–10. Berlin: Links Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinnijenhuis, Jan, and Paul Pennings. 2001. “Measurement of Party Positions on the Basis of Party Programmes, Media Coverage and Voter Perceptions.” In Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors, edited by Michael Laver, 162–182. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2016. “The Politicization of European Integration.” Journal of Common Market Studies 54 (S1): 32–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kriesi, Hanspeter, Edgar Grande, Martin Dolezal, Marc Helbling, Dominic Höglinger, Swen Hutter, and Bruno Wüest. 2012. Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, Hanspeter, E. Grande, S. Hutter, A. Altiparmakis, E. Borbáth, S. Bornschier, and B. Bremer. 2020. “PolDem National Election Campaign Dataset, Version 1” (dataset). https://poldem.eui.eu/.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, Hanspeter, Edgar Grande, Romain Lachat, Martin Dolezal, Simon Bornschier, and Timotheus Frey. 2008. West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, Hanspeter, and Takis S. Pappas, eds. 2015. European Populism in the Shadow of the Great Recession. Colchester: ECPR Press.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, Christian Albrekt. 2013. The Rise and Fall of Social Cohesion: The Construction and Deconstruction of Social Trust in the US, UK, Sweden, and Denmark. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lehmbruch, Gerhard. 1967. Proporzdemokratie: Politisches System und politische Kultur in der Schweiz und in Österreich. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr.
   Google Scholar
• Lijphart, Arend. 1968. The Politics of Accommodation: Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lipset, Seymour M., and Stein Rokkan. 1967. “Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments.” In Party Systems and Voter Alignments, edited by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan, 1–64. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mader, Matthias, and Harald Schoen. 2019. “The European Refugee Crisis, Party Competition, and Voters’ Responses in Germany.” West European Politics 42 (1), doi:10.1080/01402382.2018.1490484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, Doug, and Karina Kloos. 2014. Deeply Divided: Racial Politics and Social Movements in Postwar America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• More in Common 2019. “Die andere deutsche Teilung: Zustand und Zukunftsfähigkeit unserer Gesellschaft.” Berlin: More in Common.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, Cas. 2007. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, Pippa, and Ronald Inglehart. 2019. Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Poweleit, Julia. 2021. “Zivilgesellschaft in der Migrationsgesellschaft: Die Geschichte von ‘Asyl im Oberland’.” In Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland: Aufbrüche, Umbrüche, Ausblicke, edited by Brigitte Grande, Edgar Grande, and Udo Hahn, 115–121. Bielefeld: transcript.
   Google Scholar
• Priemer, Jana, Holger Krimmer, and Anaël Labigne. 2017. Vielfalt verstehen. Zusammenhalt stärken: ZiviZ-Survey 2017. Essen: Stifterverband.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert D. 1995. “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital.” Journal of Democracy 6: 65–78.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert D., ed. 2001. Gesellschaft und Gemeinsinn: Sozialkapital im internationalen Vergleich. Gütersloh: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert D. 2007. “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century.” Scandinavian Political Studies 30 (2): 137–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert D., and Kristin A. Goss. 2001. “Einleitung.” In Gesellschaft und Gemeinsinn. Sozialkapital im internationalen Vergleich, edited by Robert D. Putnam, 15–43. Gütersloh: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Rokkan, Stein. 2000. Staat, Nation und Demokratie in Europa. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
   Google Scholar
• Roose, Jürgen. 2021. Politische Polarisierung in Deutschland. Berlin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Röpke, Thomas. 2021. Der Humus der Gesellschaft. Über Bürgerschaftliches Engagement und die Bedingungen, es gut wachsen zu lassen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Rucht, Dieter. 2017. “Rechtspopulismus als soziale Bewegung.” Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen 30 (2): 34–50.
   Google Scholar
• Schattschneider, E. E. 1960. The Semi-Sovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America. Hindsdale, IL: Dryden Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schiffauer, Werner, Anne Eilert, and Marlene Rudloff, eds. 2017. So schaffen wir das – Eine Zivilgesellschaft im Aufbruch. 90 wegweisende Projekte mit Geflüchteten. Bielefeld: transcript.
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder, Wolfgang, Samuel Greef, Jennifer Ten Elsen, and Lukas Heller. 2022. “Interventions by the populist radical right in German civil society and the search for counterstrategies, German Politics, Special Issue on “Civil society, social movements, and the polarization of German politics”, Advance Online Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder, Wolfgang, Samuel Samuel Greef, Jennifer Ten Elsen, and Lukas Heller. 2020. “Bedrängte Zivilgesellschaft von rechts. Interventionsversuche und Reaktionsmuster.” OBS-Arbeitsheft 102. Frankfurt a.M.: Otto-Brenner-Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarzbözl, Tobias, and Mathias Fatke. 2016. “Außer Protesten nichts gewesen? Das politische Potenzial der AfD.” Politische Vierteljahresschrift 57 (2): 276–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonson, Julia, Claudia Vogel, and Clemens Tesch-Römer, eds. 2017. Freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland: Der Deutsche Freiwilligensurvey 2014. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
   Google Scholar
• Skocpol, Theda. 2003. Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
   Google Scholar
• Steiner, Jürg, and Thomas Ertmann, eds. 2002. “Consociationalism and Corporatism in Western Europe: Still the Politics of Accommodation?” Special Issue of Acta Politica. Amsterdam: Boom.
   Google Scholar
• Vorländer, Hans, Maik Herold, and Steven Schäller. 2018. Pegida and New Right-Wing Populism in Germany. Cham: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Vüllers, Johannes, and Sebastian Hellmeier. 2021. “Does Counter-Mobilization Contain Right-Wing Populist Movements? Evidence from Germany.” European Journal of Political Research, doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisskircher, Manès, and Lars Erik Berntzen. 2019. “Remaining on the Streets: Anti-Islamic PEGIDA Mobilization and its Relationship to Far-Right Party Politics.” In Radical Right Movement Parties in Europe, edited by Manuela Caiani, and Ondřej Císař, Ch. 8. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wuthnow, Robert. 1998. Loose Connections: Joining Together in America’s Fragmented Communities. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Youngs, Richard, ed. 2018. The Mobilization of Conservative Civil Society. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment.
   Google Scholar
• Zentrum Liberale Moderne. 2019. Sicherheit im Wandel: Gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt in stürmischen Zeiten. Berlin: Zentrum Liberale Moderne.
   Google Scholar