Challenging Liberal Principles: Understanding of Democracy among Populist Radical Right Youth Leaders in Austria and Germany

References

• Alexander, Cheryl S., and Henry Jay Becker. 1978. “The Use of Vignettes in Survey Research.” Public Opinion Quarterly 42 (1): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1086/268432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altemeyer, Robert A. 1981. Right-Wing Authoritarianism. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arzheimer, Kai. 2015. “The AfD: Finally a Successful Right-Wing Populist Eurosceptic Party for Germany?” West European Politics 38 (3): 535–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1004230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barter, Christine, and Emma Renold. 1999. “The Use of Vignettes in Qualitative Research.” Social Research Update 25. https://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU25.html
   Google Scholar
• Barter, Christine, and Emma Renold. 2000. “‘I Wanna Tell You a Story’: Exploring the Application of Vignettes in Qualitative Research with Children and Young People.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 3 (4): 307–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570050178594.
   Google Scholar
• Bowler, Shaun, David Denemark, Todd Donovan, and Duncan McDonnell. 2017. “Right-Wing Populist Party Supporters: Dissatisfied but Not Direct Democrats.” European Journal of Political Research 56 (1): 70–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruter, Michael, and Sarah Harrison. 2009. “Tomorrow’s Leaders? Understanding the Involvement of Young Party Members in Six European Democracies.” Comparative Political Studies 42 (10): 1259–1290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009332463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bühlmann, Marc, Wolfgang Merkel, Lisa Müller, and Bernhard Weßels. 2012. “The Democracy Barometer: A New Instrument to Measure the Quality of Democracy and its Potential for Comparative Research.” European Political Science 11: 519–536. https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2011.46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canovan, Margaret. 1999. “Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy.” Political Studies 47 (1): 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, Jeasik, and Allen Trent. 2020. “Evaluating Qualitative Research 2.0.” In The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by Patricia Leavy, 1094–1122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Steven Fish, Allen Hicken, Matthew Kroenig, et al. 2011. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach.” Perspectives on Politics 9 (2): 247–267. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592711000880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corduwener, Pepijn. 2014. “The Populist Conception of Democracy beyond Popular Sovereignty.” Journal of Contemporary European Research 10 (4): 423–437.
   Google Scholar
• Dahl, Robert. 2000. On Democracy. New Haven London: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Damhuis, Koen, and Léonie de Jonge. 2022. “Going Nativist. How to Interview the Radical Right?” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21: 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler, Sarah, Theresa Gessler, Tarik Abou-Chadi, and Lucas Leemann. 2023. “Democracy Challenged: How Parties Politicize Different Democratic Principles.” Journal of European Public Policy 30 (10): 1961–1983. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2022.2099956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahey, James J., Trevor J. Allen, and Hannah M. Alarian. 2022. “When Populists Win: How Right-Wing Populism Affects Democratic Satisfaction in the U.K. and Germany.” Electoral Studies 77: 102469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2022.102469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch, Janet. 1987. “The Vignette Technique in Survey Research.” Sociology 21 (1): 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038587021001008.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher-Smith, Amanda, Ciaran Sullivan, Jessica Deanna Macready, and Giovanni Manzi. 2021. “Methodology Matters.” In Researching the Far Right: Theory, Method and Practice, edited by Stephen D. Ashe, Joel Busher, Graham Macklin, and Aaron Winter, 197–211. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Flick, Uwe. 2005. “Standards, Kriterien, Strategien: zur Diskussion über Qualität qualitativer Sozialforschung.” Zeitschrift für qualitative Bildungs-, Beratungs- und Sozialforschung 6 (2): 191–210.
   Google Scholar
• Fölsch, Marco, Martin Dolezal, Reinhard Heinisch, Carsten Wegscheider, and Annika Werner. 2024. “Cue-taking, populist attitudes, and support for holding a referendum: evidence from survey experiments.” Contemporary Politics, https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2023.2297507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galston, William A. 2018. “The Populist Challenge to Liberal Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 29 (2): 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinisch, Reinhard, and Carsten Wegscheider. 2020. “Disentangling How Populism and Radical Host Ideologies Shape Citizens’ Conceptions of Democratic Decision-Making.” Politics and Governance 8 (3): 32–44. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.2915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herkenhoff, Anna-Lena. 2016. “Rechter Nachwuchs für die AfD–die Junge Alternative (JA).” In Die Alternative für Deutschland: Programmatik, Entwicklung und politische Verortung, edited by Alexander Häusler, 201–217. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Huber, Robert A., and Christian H. Schimpf. 2016. “A Drunken Guest in Europe?: The Influence of Populist Radical Right Parties on Democratic Quality.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 10 (2): 103–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-016-0302-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, Robert A., and Christian H. Schimpf. 2017. “On the Distinct Effects of Left-Wing and Right-Wing Populism on Democratic Quality.” Politics and Governance 5 (4): 146–165. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i4.919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, Rhidian, and Meg Huby. 2004. “The Construction and Interpretation of Vignettes in Social Research.” Social Work & Social Sciences Review 11 (1): 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1921/17466105.11.1.36.
   Google Scholar
• Kailitz, Steffen. 2020. “Sachsen – eine Hochburg der AfD? Entwicklung, Perspektiven und Einordnung der Bundespartei und des sächsischen Landesverbandes.” In Sachsen – Eine Hochburg des Rechtsextremismus?, edited by Uwe Backes, and Steffen Kailitz, 155–200. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinert, Hubert. 2018. Die AfD und ihre Mitglieder. Eine Analyse mit Auswertung einer exemplarischen Mitgliederbefragung hessischer Kreisverbände. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Lewandowsky, Marcel, Heiko Giebler, and Aiko Wagner. 2016. “Rechtspopulismus in Deutschland. Eine empirische Einordnung der Parteien zur Bundestagswahl 2013 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der AfD.” Politische Vierteljahresschrift 57 (2): 247–275. https://doi.org/10.5771/0032-3470-2016-2-247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luther, Kurt R. 2005. Die Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) und das Bündnis Zukunft Österreichs (BZÖ). Keele European Parties Research Unit (KEPRU) Working Paper 22.
   Google Scholar
• Mayring, Philipp. 2019. “Qualitative Content Analysis: Demarcation, Varieties, Developments.” Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung: Forum Qualitative Social Research 20 (3), p. 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Mayring, Philipp, and Thomas Fenzl. 2019. “Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse.” In Handbuch Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung, edited by Nina Baur, and Jörg Blasius, 633–648. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien.
   Google Scholar
• Meléndez, Carlos, and Cristobál Rovira Kaltwasser. 2021. “Negative Partisanship towards the Populist Radical Right and Democratic Resilience in Western Europe.” Democratization 28 (5): 949–969. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1883002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, Cas. 2004. “The Populist Zeitgeist.” Government and Opposition 39 (4): 541–563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, Cas. 2007. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, Cas. 2010. “The Populist Radical Right: A Pathological Normalcy.” West European Politics 33 (6): 1167–1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2010.508901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, Cas. 2017. “Politischer Extremismus in Europa.” In Umkämpfte Begriffe. Deutungen zwischen Demokratie und Extremismus, edited by Gereon Flümann, 35–57. Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, Cas, and Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser. 2017. Populism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Osterberg-Kaufmann, Norma, Toralf Stark, and Christoph Mohamad-Klotzbach. 2020. “Challenges in Conceptualizing and Measuring Meanings and Understandings of Democracy.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 14 (4): 299–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-020-00470-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plattner, Marc F. 2010. “Populism, Pluralism, and Liberal Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 21 (1): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristobal. 2012. “The Ambivalence of Populism: Threat and Corrective for Democracy.” Democratization 19 (2): 184–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.572619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal, and Steven M. Van Hauwaert. 2020. “The Populist Citizen: Empirical Evidence from Europe and Latin America.” European Political Science Review 12 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773919000262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rummens, Stefan. 2017. “Populism as a Threat to Liberal Democracy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Populism, edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy, 554–570. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taggart, Paul. 2002. “Populism and the Pathology of Representative Politics.” In Democracies and the Populist Challenge, edited by Yves Mény, and Yves Surel, 62–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• van der Brug, Wouter, Sebastian Popa, Sara B. Hobolt, and Hermann Schmitt. 2021. “Democratic Support, Populism, and the Incumbency Effect.” Journal of Democracy 32 (4): 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2021.0057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegscheider, Carsten, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, and Steven M. Van Hauwaert. 2023. “How Citizens’ Conceptions of Democracy Relate to Positive and Negative Partisanship towards Populist Parties.” West European Politics 46 (7): 1235–1263. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2023.2199376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilks, Tom. 2004. “The Use of Vignettes in Qualitative Research into Social Work Values.” Qualitative Social Work 3 (1): 78–87. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325004041133.
   Google Scholar
• Zaslove, Andrej, and Maurits Meijers. 2023. “Populist Democrats? Unpacking the Relationship Between Populist and Democratic Attitudes at the Citizen Level.” Political Studies, https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217231173800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulianello, Mattia. 2020. “Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries.” Government and Opposition 55 (2): 327–347. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar