The link between procrastination and graduation rates: evidence from the ALEKS learning platform

References

• Ariely, D., and K. Wertenbroch. 2002. “Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-control by Precommitment.” Psychological Science 13 (3): 219–224. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, I. J. M., and J. T. Straten. 2012. “Motivation and Math Skills as Determinants of First-Year Performance in Economics.” Journal of Economic Education 43: 1. doi:10.1080/00220485.2012.636709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard, C. L., and M. F. Johnson. 2004. “Basic Math Skills and Performance in an Introductory Economics Class.” The Journal of Economic Education 35 (1): 3–23. doi:10.3200/JECE.35.1.3-23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, B. L., S. R. Koons, and D. L. Milgrim. 2000. “Correlates and Consequences of Behavioral Procrastination: The Effects of Academic Procrastination, Self-consciousness, Self-esteem and Self-handicapping.” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 15 (5): 3.
   Google Scholar
• Beswick, G., E. D. Rothblum, and L. Mann. 1988. “Psychological Antecedents of Student Procrastination.” Australian Psychologist 23 (2): 207–217. doi:10.1080/00050068808255605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettinger, E., and R. Slonim. 2007. “Patience among Children.” Journal of Public Economics 91 (1–2): 343–363. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.05.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. R., and A. Previtero. 2016. Saving for Retirement, Annuities and Procrastination. http://www.aleprevitero.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/06/027_Previtero_WP_Procrastination.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cadena, B. C., and B. J. Keys. 2015. “Human Capital and the Lifetime Costs of Impatience.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7 (3): 126–153. doi:10.1257/pol.20130081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canfield, W. 2001. “ALEKS: A Web-based Intelligent Tutoring System.” Mathematics and Computer Education 35 (2): 152.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo, M., P. J. Ferraro, J. L. Jordan, and R. Petrie. 2011. “The Today and Tomorrow of Kids: Time Preferences and Educational Outcomes of Children.” Journal of Public Economics 95 (11–12): 1377–1385. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.07.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, V., D. Mensink, and M. O’Sullivan. 2000. “Patterns of Academic Procrastination.” Journal of College Reading and Learning 30 (2): 120–134. doi:10.1080/10790195.2000.10850090.
   Google Scholar
• Deelen, A., and S. Kuijpers. 2016. “The Effects of Additional Study Choice Activities: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial.”
   Google Scholar
• DellaVigna, S. 2009. “Psychology and Economics: Evidence from the Field.” Journal of Economic Literature 47 (2): 315–372. doi:10.1257/jel.47.2.315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Paola, M., and V. Scoppa. 2015. “Procrastination, Academic Success and the Effectiveness of a Remedial Program.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 115: 217–236. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diver, P., and I. Martinez. 2015. “MOOCS as a Massive Research Laboratory: Opportunities and Challenges.” Distance Education 36 (1): 5–25. doi:10.1080/01587919.2015.1019968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, A., and W. J. Knaus. 1977. Overcoming Procrastination. New York: Institute for Rational Living.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari, J. R. 2001. “Procrastination as Self-regulation Failure of Performance: Effects of Cognitive Load, Self-awareness, and Time Limits on ‘Working Best Under Pressure.’.” European Journal of Personality 15 (5): 391–406. doi:10.1002/per.413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari, J. R., J. L. Johnson, and W. G. McCown. 1995. Procrastination and Task Avoidance: Theory, Research, and Treatment. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Franz, I. 2020. “Unintentional Procrastination, Self-control, and Academic Achievements.” Education Economics 28 (5): 508–525. doi:10.1080/09645292.2020.1801596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golsteyn, B. H. H., H. Grönqvist, and L. Lindahl. 2014. “Adolescent Time Preferences Predict Lifetime Outcomes.” The Economic Journal 124 (580): F739–F761. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himmler, O., R. Jäckle, and P. Weinschenk. 2019. “Soft Commitments, Reminders, and Academic Performance.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 11 (2): 114–142. doi:10.1257/app.20170288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, M., D. Robson, and S. Taengnoi. 2014. “A Meta-analysis of the Gender Gap in Performance in Collegiate Economics Courses.” Review of Social Economy 72 (4): 436–459. doi:10.1080/00346764.2014.958902.
   Google Scholar
• Kachgal, M. M., L. S. Hansen, and K. J. Nutter. 2001. “Academic Procrastination Prevention/Intervention: Strategies and Recommendations.” Journal of Developmental Education 25 (1): 14.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, K. R., and E. H. Seo. 2015. “The Relationship Between Procrastination and Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis.” Personality and Individual Differences 82: 26–33. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaus, W. J. 2002. The Procrastination Workbook: Your Personalized Program for Breaking Free from the Patterns That Hold you Back. Oakland: New Harbinger.
   Google Scholar
• Kuchler, T., and M. Pagel. 2021. “Sticking to Your Plan: The Role of Present Bias for Credit Card Paydown.” Journal of Financial Economics 139 (2): 359–388. doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lay, C. H. 1986. “At Last, my Research Article on Procrastination.” Journal of Research in Personality 20 (4): 474–495. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(86)90127-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milgram, N., S. Marshevsky, and C. Sadeh. 1995. “Correlates of Academic Procrastination: Discomfort, Task Aversiveness, and Task Capability.” The Journal of Psychology 129 (2): 145–155. doi:10.1080/00223980.1995.9914954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mischel, W., Y. Shoda, and M. I. Rodriguez. 1989. “Delay of Gratification in Children.” Science 244 (4907): 933–938. doi:10.1126/science.2658056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Olano, J. F., and C. Hurtado-Parrado. 2017. “Efectos de la clarificación de metas sobre la impulsividad y la procrastinación académica de los estudiantes universitarios.” Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologica 49 (3): 173–182. doi:10.1016/j.rlp.2017.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Non, A., and D. Tempelaar. 2016. “Time Preferences, Study Effort, and Academic Performance.” Economics of Education Review 54: 36–61. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, W. K. 2002. Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Academic Procrastination. ProQuest Information & Learning. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. University of Houston, Houston.
   Google Scholar
• O’Donoghue, T., and M. Rabin. 1999. “Doing it Now or Later.” American Economic Review 89 (1): 103–124. doi:10.1257/aer.89.1.103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orpen, C. 1998. “The Causes and Consequences of Academic Procrastination: A Research Note.” Westminster Studies in Education 21 (1): 73–75. doi:10.1080/0140672980210107.
   Google Scholar
• Owens, A. M., and I. Newbegin. 1997. “Procrastination in High School Achievement: A Causal Structural Model.” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 12 (4): 869.
   Google Scholar
• Özer, B. U., A. Demir, and J. R. Ferrari. 2009. “Exploring Academic Procrastination among Turkish Students: Possible Gender Differences in Prevalence and Reasons.” The Journal of Social Psychology 149 (2): 241–257. doi:10.3200/SOCP.149.2.241-257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrzek, J., C. Grunschel, and S. Fries. 2012. “Academic Procrastination: The Perspective of University Counsellors.” International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 34 (3): 185–201. doi:10.1007/s10447-012-9150-z.
   Google Scholar
• Reuben, E., P. Sapienza, and L. Zingales. 2015. “Procrastination and Impatience.” Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 58: 63–76. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2015.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotenstein, A., H. Z. Davis, and L. Tatum. 2009. “Early Birds Versus Just-in-Timers: The Effect of Procrastination on Academic Performance of Accounting Students.” Journal of Accounting Education 27 (4): 223–232. doi:10.1016/j.jaccedu.2010.08.001.
   Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D., L. J. Solomon, and J. Murakami. 1986. “Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Differences Between High and low Procrastinators.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 33 (4): 387. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.33.4.387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severiens, S., and R. Wolff. 2008. “A Comparison of Ethnic Minority and Majority Students: Social and Academic Integration, and Quality of Learning.” Studies in Higher Education 33 (3): 253–266. doi:10.1080/03075070802049194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, L. J., and E. D. Rothblum. 1984. “Academic Procrastination: Frequency and Cognitive-Behavioral Correlates.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 31 (4): 503. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel, P. 2007. “The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-regulatory Failure.” Psychological Bulletin 133 (1): 65. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel, P. 2011. The Procrastination Equation: How to Stop Putting Stuff Off and Start Getting Things Done. London: Allen & Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Swope, K. J., and P. M. Schmitt. 2006. “The Performance of Economics Graduates Over the Entire Curriculum: The Determinants of Success.” The Journal of Economic Education 37 (4): 387–394. doi:10.3200/JECE.37.4.387-394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tice, D. M., and R. F. Baumeister. 1997. “Longitudinal Study of Procrastination, Performance, Stress, and Health: The Costs and Benefits of Dawdling.” Psychological Science 8 (6): 454–458. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuckman, B. W. 1998. “Using Tests as an Incentive to Motivate Procrastinators to Study.” The Journal of Experimental Education 66 (2): 141–147. doi:10.1080/00220979809601400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, W.-K. 2008. “How Much Time-Inconsistency is There and Does it Matter? Evidence on Self-Awareness, Size, and Effects.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 68 (3–4): 645–656. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2008.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziesat Jr, H. A., T. L. Rosenthal, and G. M. White. 1978. “Behavioral Self-control in Treating Procrastination of Studying.” Psychological Reports 42 (1): 59–69. doi:10.2466/pr0.1978.42.1.59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar