Advanced search
Publication Cover
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Basic and Clinical Perspectives
Volume 33, 2024 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
126
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Edward Trautner (1890–1978), a pioneer of psychopharmacology

Wes Wallacea Independent Scholar, Dublin, IrelandCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-5687View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Greg de Mooreb University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;c Department of Psychiatry, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaView further author information
Pages 1-56 | Published online: 20 Oct 2023

References

Unpublished documents frequently cited

  • “Interim Research Report 1951” = Trautner E.M. “Interim Research Report for application for grants.” (Handwritten document datable to 1951.) University of Melbourne Archives, Department of Physiology papers (accession no. 1975.0005), Packet XV, File 8: “Trautner 18/11/1949 – ’51.”
  • “Physiology MHRF file” = University of Melbourne Archives, Department of Physiology papers (accession no. 1975.0005), Packet XXIII, file 29: “Research Grant - Mental Diseases 1954-1957.”
  • “Report of the MHA” = Report of the mental hygiene authority to the parliament of the state of Victoria. Annual government publication. Melbourne: W.M. Houston, Government printer.
  • “Research Report” = An internal publication of the University of Melbourne covering all research projects currently underway, published annually beginning in 1947. Titled at first Research Report, it was renamed in 1950 Report of Research and Investigation. The series is archived online at https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au.
  • “Trautner-Wright correspondence 1946-48” = University of Melbourne Archives, Department of Physiology papers (accession no. 1975.0005), Packet XI, file 21: “Trautner, Dr. E.M.: 15/8/46 to 21/10/48.”

Published works

  • Alfredsson, V., P. Lo Nostro, B. Ninham, and T. Nylander. 2021. Morphologies and structure of brain lipid membrane dispersions. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9, article no. 675140, 1–14.
  • Almy, G. L., and M. A. Taylor. 1973. Lithium retention in mania. Archives of General Psychiatry 29 (2):232–34.
  • Amdisen, A. 1984. Lithium treatment of mania and depression over one hundred years. In Current trends in lithium and rubidium therapy, ed. G. U. Corsini, 11–26. Boston: MTP Press.
  • Amdisen, A., and H. Skjoldborg. 1969. Haemodialysis for lithium poisoning [letter]. The Lancet, July 26, p. 213.
  • Anonymous. 1949. Salt substitutes and lithium poisoning. Medical Journal of Australia, July 30, p. 175.
  • Arden, F. 1938. The history of renal physiology. Medical Journal of Australia, August 27, p. 335–41.
  • Ashburner, J. V. 1950. A case of chronic mania treated with lithium citrate and terminating fatally. Medical Journal of Australia, September 2, p. 261–62.
  • Ayd, F. J., and B. Blackwell, eds. 1970. Discoveries in biological psychiatry. Proceedings of the 2nd Taylor Manor Hospital scientific symposium. Lippincott.
  • Baastrup, P. C., and M. Schou. 1967. Lithium as a prophylactic agent. Its effect against recurrent depressions and manic-depressive psychosis. Archives of General Psychiatry 16 (2):162–72.
  • Barger, G., W. F. Martin, and W. Mitchell. 1937. The minor alkaloids of Duboisia myoporoides. Journal of the Chemical Society 1937:1820–23.
  • Bass, A. D., C. L. Yntena, W. S. Hammond, and M. L. Frazer. 1951. Studies on the mechanism by which sulfadiazine affects the survival of the mammalian embryo. Journal of Pharmacology 101 (4):362–67.
  • Blackwell, B. 1969. Lithium: Prophylactic or panacea. Medical Counterpoint, November, p. 52–59.
  • Bourne, H. 1954. Convulsion dependence. The Lancet, December 11, p. 1193–96.
  • Bradley, T. R., R. F. Butterworth, G. Reid, and E. M. Trautner. 1950. Nature of the lung enzyme which inactivates Serum Vasoconstrictor. Nature, November 25, p. 911–12.
  • Brown, W. A. 2019. Lithium: A doctor, a drug, and a breakthrough. New York: Livewright.
  • Bruce, J. M. 1912. The foundations of rational treatment. Chapter I in Materia medica and therapeutics: Introduction to the rational treatment of disease. 9th ed. Chicago: Keener & Co.
  • Cade, J. F. J. 1949. Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Medical Journal of Australia, September 3, p. 349–51.
  • Cade, J. F. J. 1951. The Beattie‐Smith lectures (University of Melbourne), delivered at Melbourne on May 7 and 14, 1951. Lecture I: Research in psychiatry. Lecture II: The problem of schizophrenia. Medical Journal of Australia, August 18, p. 213–19; and August 25 1951, p. 245–51.
  • Carrère, J., and A. Pochard. 1954. Le citrate de lithium dans le traitment de syndromes d’excitation psychomotrice [Lithium citrate in the treatment of psychomotor excitation syndromes]. Annales Médico-Psychologiques 112:566–72.
  • Cawte, J. 1952. The management of acute mania. The Review (University of Adelaide Medical Students’ Society), November, p. 41–53. Reprinted in Cawte 1988, p. 82-95.
  • Cawte, J. 1988. The last of the lunatics. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
  • Cawte, J. 1999. Mania pre-lithium. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33 (Supplement), p. S7–S12.
  • Charcot, J.-M. 1853. Etudes pour servir à l’histoire de l’affection décrite sous les noms de goutte asthénique primitive, etc. [Studies undertaken for the history of the affection described under the names of primitive asthenic gout, etc.] Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medecine of the University of Paris.
  • Coats, D. A., E. M. Trautner, and S. Gershon. 1957. The treatment of lithium poisoning. Australasian Annals of Medicine 6 (1):11–15.
  • Coppen, A., and D. M. Shaw. 1963. Mineral metabolism in melancholia. British Medical Journal, December 7, p. 1439–44.
  • Coppen, A., D. M. Shaw, A. Malleson, and R. Costain. 1966. Mineral metabolism in mania. British Medical Journal, January 8, p. 71–75.
  • Darnell, M. C. Jr, and B. S. Walker. 1940. Determination of sodium in biological fluids. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition 12 (4):242–44.
  • Davenport, V. D. 1950. Distribution of parenterally administered lithium in plasma, brain and muscle of rats. American Journal of Physiology 163 (3):633–41.
  • Dax, E. C. 1961. Asylum to community: The development of the mental hygiene service in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne: FW Cheshire, for the World Federation for Mental Health.
  • de Moore, G., and A. Westmore. 2016. Finding Sanity: John Cade, lithium, and the taming of bipolar disorder. London: Allen & Unwin.
  • Deniker, P. 1970. Introduction of neuroleptic chemotherapy into psychiatry. Discoveries in Biological Psychiatry, ed. F. Ayd and B. Blackwell, 155–64. Philadelphia: Lipincott.
  • Deschamps, M., and M. Denis. 1952. Premiers résultats du traitement des états d’excitation maniaque par les sels de lithium [First results of the treatment of states of maniacal excitement with lithium salts]. L’Avenir Médical (Lyon) 49:673–79.
  • Despinoy, M., and J. de Romeuf. 1951. Emploi des sels de lithium en thérapeutique psychiatrique [The use of lithium salts in psychiatric therapy]. Congrès des médecins aliénistes et neurologistes de France et des pays de langue française. 49e session. Rennes, Dinan, Pontorson, 16–23 juillet 1951. Comptes rendus. Paris: Masson, 1952. p. 509–15.
  • Duc, N., and H. Maurel. 1953. Le traitement des états d’excitation psychomotrice par le lithium [The treatment of states of psychomotor excitation by means of lithium]. Le Concours Médical 75:1817–20.
  • Flesch, J. 2012. Life’s logic: 150 years of physiology at the University of Melbourne. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing.
  • Foley, P. 2006. Duboisia myoporoides: The medical career of a native Australian plant. Historical Records of Australian Science 17 (1):31–69.
  • Foulks, J., G. H. Mudge, and A. Gilman. 1952. Renal excretion of cation in the dog during infusion of isotonic solutions of lithium chloride. American Journal of Physiology 168 (3):642–49.
  • Fox, C. L., and H. Bauer. 1947. The redistribution of potassium, sodium and water in burns in trauma and its relation to the phenomenon of shock. American Journal of Physiology 151:155–67.
  • Gallego, A., and R. Lorente de Nó. 1951. On the effect of ammonium and lithium ions upon frog nerves deprived of sodium. Journal of General Physiology 35 (2):227–44.
  • Gershon, S. 2010. Discoveries and their Trajectory: The psychopharmacological specificity of the lithium ion. Lecture given at the Australian National University on 16 Aug. 2010. Accessed August 26, 2023. www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCySrIW-wWw.
  • Gershon, S. 2015. Events and memories: 1. LITHIUM. Document posted to the website of the international network for the history of neuropsychopharmacology, on 25 June 2015. Accessed August 26, 2023. https://www.inhn.org/index.php?id=462.
  • Gershon, S., and C. Daversa. 2013. The lithium story. In Lithium in Neuropsychiatry, ed. M. Bauer et al., 17–24. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis.
  • Gershon, S., and E. M. Trautner. 1954. The treatment of depressive psychosis with sodium succinate. Medical Journal of Australia, August 21, p. 291–93.
  • Gershon, S., and E. M. Trautner. 1956. The treatment of shock-dependency by pharmacological agents. Medical Journal of Australia, May 12, p. 783–87.
  • Glesinger, B. 1954. Evaluation of lithium in treatment of psychotic excitement. Medical Journal of Australia, February 20, p. 277–83.
  • Goding, G., and M. Lang. 1979. Geoff Goding: His work and times. An interview by Moshe Lang conducted in 1979. VAFT Newsletter, September 1994. Accessed August 26, 2023. https://www.aaft.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/newsletter/1994/SEP1994.pdf.
  • Goodwin, F. K., and S. N. Ghaemi. 1999. The impact of the discovery of lithium on psychiatric thought and practice in the USA and Europe. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33 (supplement):S54–S64.
  • Gosh, J. J., and J. H. Quastel. 1954. Narcotics and brain respiration. Nature, July 3, p. 28–31.
  • Hald, P. M. 1947. The flame photometer for the measurement of sodium and potassium in biological materials. Journal of Biological Chemistry 167:499–510.
  • Harrington, A. 2019. Mind fixers: Psychiatry’s troubled search for the biology of mental illness. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Harris, H., E. M. Trautner, and M. Messer. 1951. Glucose, glutamate and succinate oxidation in brain. Nature, November 24, p. 914–15.
  • Hawkens, J. B., and P. R. Dorken. 1969. Lithium [letter]. The Lancet, April 19, p. 839–40.
  • Healy, D. 2002. The creation of psychopharmacology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Hellier, C. 1954. The 1/- drug that stops mental ills. Australasian Post, February 25, p. 12–15 and 32.
  • Herbst, C. 1893. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Einfluss der veränderten chemischen Zusammensetzung des umgebenden Mediums auf die Entwicklung der Thiere: I. Theil. Versuche an Seeigeleiern [Experimental studies on the influence of the changed chemical composition of the surrounding medium on the development of animals: Part I. Experiments on sea urchin eggs]. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 55:446–518.
  • Herken, H., G. Senft, and H. Wilutzky. 1957. Die Retention der Lithium-Ionen bei Störungen des Salz- und Wasserhaushaltes. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 230:524–37.
  • Hewat, T. 1990. The Florey: The story of the Sheep Hilton. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
  • Hiller, K. 1919. Das Schicksal Trautners. Vorwärts - Berliner Volksblatt, June 11, Abend-ausgabe, p. 2, col. 3.
  • Hullin, R. 1975. The effects of lithium on electrolyte balance and body fluids. In Lithium research and therapy, ed. F.N. Johnson, 359–79. London: Academic Press.
  • Hullin, R. P., R. McDonald, W. M. Anderson, and S. M. J. Geraghty. 1968. Prophylactic lithium. The Lancet, May 25, p. 1155–56.
  • Jakobsson, E., O. Argüello-Miranda, S.-W. Chiu, Z. Fazal, J. Kruczek, S. Nunez-Corrales, S. Pandit, and L. Pritchet. 2017. Towards a unified understanding of lithium action in basic biology and its significance for applied biology. The Journal of Membrane Biology 250 (6):587–604.
  • Johnson, F. N. 1984a. The psychopharmacology of lithium. London: Macmillan.
  • Johnson, F. N. 1984b. The history of lithium therapy. London: Macmillan.
  • Kato, T. 2019. Current understanding of bipolar disorder: Toward integration of biological basis and treatment strategies. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 73 (9):526–40.
  • Kent, N. L., and R. A. McCance. 1941. The absorption and excretion of ‘minor’ elements by man. 1. Silver, Gold, Lithium, Boron and Vanadium. Biochemistry Journal 35 (7):837–44.
  • Kuhn, T. S. 1962. The structure of scientific revolutions. 1996. 3rd and definitive ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Loftus-Hills, K., E. M. Trautner, and C. N. Rodwell. 1945. Preliminary report upon variation in the nature and quantity of the main alkaloids in Duboisia myoporoides and D. leichhardtii. Journal of the C.S.I.R. (Australia) 18:234–53.
  • Loftus-Hills, K., E. M. Trautner, and C. N. Rodwell. 1946. A tobacco-Duboisia graft. Australian Journal of Science 9:24–25.
  • Malhi, G. S., D. Bassett, P. Boyce, R. Bryant, P. B. Fitzgerald, K. Fritz, M. Hopwood, B. Lyndon, R. Mulder, G. Murray, and R. Porter. 2015. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49 (12): 1087–206.
  • Margulies, M. 1955. Suggestions for the treatment of schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients. Medical Journal of Australia, January 29, p. 137–41.
  • Masson M., A. Del Cul, C. Henry, C. Gay and G. Malhi. 2014. Lithium: le premier thymorégulateur. Ch. 57 in Les Troubles Bipolaires, ed. M.-L. Bourgeois et al., 432–51. Paris: Editions Lavoisier.
  • McIlwain, H. 1953. The effect of depressants on the metabolism of stimulated cerebral tissues. Biochemistry Journal 53:403–12.
  • McPhee, P. 1999. ‘Pansy’: A life of Roy Douglas Wright. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
  • Messer, M. 1958a. A comparison of the effects of barbiturates, salicylates, chlorpromazine, 2,4-dinitrophenol and cyanide on the synthesis of glutamine by brain cells. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 36 (1):65–76.
  • Messer, M. 1958b. Observations on the in-vitro synthesis of glutamine by Guinea-pig brain. PhD thesis, University of Melbourne.
  • Messer, M., and E. M. Trautner. 1955. Inhibition by borate of ammonia formation and glutamine synthesis in brain tissue. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 33:199–206.
  • Mitchell, P. B. 1993. Chlorpromazine turns forty. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27 (3):370–73.
  • Mitchell, P. B. 1999. On the 50th anniversary of John Cade’s discovery of the anti-manic effect of lithium. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33 (5):623–28.
  • Mitchell, P. B., and D. Hadzi-Pavlovic. 2000. Lithium treatment for bipolar disorder. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78 (4):515–17.
  • Mitchell, W., and E. M. Trautner. 1947. The minor alkaloids of Duboisia myoporoides. Part IV: Valeroidine. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) 1947:1330–31.
  • Morris, P. J. T., and A. S. Travis. 2002. The role of physical instrumentation in structural organic chemistry in the twentieth century. In From classical to modern chemistry: The instrumental revolution, ed. P. J. T. Morris, 57–84. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Mudge, L. 1954. Melbourne doctor’s idea pays off: New drug promises happy lives for many folk. The Argus (Melbourne), February 3, p. 2.
  • Needham, J. 1942. Biochemistry and morphogenesis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Noack, C. H., and E. M. Trautner. 1951. The lithium treatment of maniacal psychosis. Medical Journal of Australia, August 18, p. 219–22.
  • Nolen, W. A., R. W. Licht, A. H. Young, G. S. Malhi, M. Tohen, E. Vieta, R. W. Kupka, C. Zarate, R. E. Nielsen, R. J. Nielsen, and E. Severus. 2019. What is the optimal serum level for lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder? A systematic review and recommendations from the ISBD/IGSLI task force on treatment with lithium. Bipolar Disorders 21 (5):394–409.
  • Okusa, M. D., and L. J. Crystal. 1994. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. American Journal of Medicine 97 (4):383–89.
  • O’Rourke, F. J., S. Gershon, E. M. Trautner, and F. H. Shaw. 1960. The use of tigloidine in the symptomatic treatment of spastic paraplegia. Medical Journal of Australia, January 16, p. 73–77.
  • Platman, S. R., and R. R. Fieve. 1969. Lithium retention and excretion: The effect of sodium and fluid intake. Archives of General Psychiatry 20 (3):285–89.
  • Plichet, A. 1954. Le traitement des états maniaques par les sels de lithium [The treatment of manic states by lithium salts]. Presse Médicale 62:869–70.
  • Price, J. R., J. A. Lamberton, and C. C. J. Culvenor. 1992. The Australian phytochemical survey. Historical Records of Australian Science 9 (4):335–56.
  • Radomski, J. L., H. N. Fuyat, A. A. Nelson, and P. K. Smith. 1950. The toxic effects, excretion and distribution of lithium chloride. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 100 (4):429–44.
  • Reyss-Brion, R., and J. Grambert. 1951. Essai de traitement des états d’excitation psychotique par le citrate de lithium. Journal de Médecine de Lyon 32:985–89.
  • Richardson, J. E., M. Moffatt, S. Gershon, E. M. Trautner, and E. R. Trethewie. 1953. Glutamic acid in hepatic coma following portacaval anastomosis [letter]. The Lancet, September 12, p. 570–71.
  • Roberts, E. L. 1950. A case of chronic mania treated with lithium citrate and terminating fatally. Medical Journal of Australia, August 12, p. 261–62.
  • Rosenfeld, L. 2002. Clinical chemistry since 1800: Growth and development. Clinical Chemistry 48 (1):186–97.
  • Rowland, T., R. Mann, and S. Azeem. 2023. The efficacy and tolerability of continuation and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy for depression: A systematic review of randomized and observational studies. The Journal of ECT, March 23. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000914.
  • Schild, H. O. 1976. Dale and the development of pharmacology. British Journal of Pharmacology 56:3–7.
  • Schioldann, J. 2009. History of the introduction of lithium into medicine and psychiatry: Birth of modern psychopharmacology 1949. Adelaide, South Australia: Adelaide Academic Press.
  • Schioldann, J. 2018. Ripostes and historical annotations to Barry Blackwell’s review. Document posted to the website of the international network for the history of neuropsychopharmacology on 15 Feb. 2018. Accessed August 26, 2023.
  • Schou, M. 2005. Min rejse med lithium: Selvbiografiske noter [My journey with lithium: Autobiographical notes]. Bibliothek for Læger 3 (September 2005), p. 217–28. In Danish. English translation in Schioldann (2009), Appendix III, p. 312-20.
  • Schou, M., A. Amdisen, and J. Trap-Jensen. 1968. Lithium poisoning. American Journal of Psychiatry 125 (4):520–27.
  • Schou, M. 1998. Interview with David Healy. In The Psychopharmacologists II, ed. D. Healy, 259–84. New York: Chapman and Hall.
  • Schou, M., N. Juel-Nielsen, E. Strömgren, and H. Voldby. 1954. The treatment of manic psychoses by the administration of lithium salts. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 17:250–60.
  • Schou, M. 1979. Lithium research at the psychopharmacology research unit, Risskov, Denmark: A historical account. In Origin, prevention and treatment of affective disorers, ed. M. Schou and E. Strömgren. New York: Academic Press.
  • Schwartz, J. H. 2000. Neurotransmitters. Chapter 15. In Principles of neural science, fifth edition, ed. E. Kandel and J. H. Schwartz. McGraw-Hill. https://neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1049§ionid=59138637.
  • Serry, M., and S. Andrews. 1969. The lithium excretion test. I. Clinical application and interpretation. II. Practical and biochemical aspects. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 3 (4):390–97.
  • Shannon, J. A., D. P. Earle, B. B. Brodie, J. V. Taggart, and R. W. Berliner. 1944. The pharmacological basis for the rational use of atabrine in the treatment of malaria. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 81 (4):307–30.
  • Shorter, E. 1997. A history of psychiatry from the era of the Asylum to the age of Prozac. New York: Wiley.
  • Shorter, E. 2009. The history of lithium therapy. Bipolar Disorders 11 (suppl. 2):4–9.
  • Shorter, E. 2021. The rise and fall of the age of psychopharmacology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Simon, S. E., E. M. Trautner, and D. A. Coats. 1959. Lithium retention in ascites tumor mice. Nature, April 18, p. 1128–29.
  • Singer, K., R. Chen, and M. Schou. 1974. A controlled evaluation of lithium in the premenstrual tension syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry 124 (578):50–51.
  • Sletten, I. W., and S. Gershon. 1966. The premenstrual syndrome: A discussion of its pathophysiology and treatment with lithium ion. Comprehensive Psychiatry 7 (3):197–206.
  • Stoll, W. A. 1947. Lysergsäure-diathylämid, ein Phantastikum aus der Mutterkorngruppe [Lysergic acid diethylamide, a phantasticant of the ergot class]. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 60:279–323.
  • Strömgren, E. 1950-52. Begivenheder inden for psykiatrisk videnskab [Events in psychiatric science]. Nordisk Psykiatrisk Medlemsblad 4 (3):126–31 (1950); 5 (2):87–92 (1951); and 6 (2):169–74 (1952).
  • Strömgren, E., and M. Schou. 1986. Erik Strömgren fortæller om sit liv med psykiatrien. Et interview med Mogens Schou 1986 [Erik Strömgren talks about his life with psychiatry: An interview by Mogens Schou 1986]. Interview transcript edited by J. Schioldann. In Danish. Adelaide, Australia: Adelaide Academic Press.
  • Talbott, J. H. 1950. Use of lithium salts as a substitute for sodium chloride. Archives of Internal Medicine 85:1–10.
  • Talso, P. J., and R. W. Clarke. 1951. Excretion and distribution of lithium in the dog. American Journal of Physiology 166 (1):202–08.
  • Taylor, D. M., T. R. E. Barnes, and A. H. Young. 2018. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry, 13th ed. NY: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Trautner, E. M. 1914. Die naturwissenschaftliche Sammlung Augsburgs [The natural science collection of Augsburg]. Die Zeit im Bild: aktuelle illustrierte Wochenschrift (Munich-Berlin), Jg. 12 Nr. 22, 28 May 1914 (special issue on Augsburg), p. 1159–60.
  • Trautner, E. M. 1920. Das Cholin und seine Verwendung zur Erweichung von Narben usw [Choline and its use to soften scars etc.]. Medical thesis, University of Berlin. Staatsbibliothek Berlin, MS 22/499.
  • Trautner, E. M. 1946. A small-scale assay of poppy heads and hay. Australian Chemical Institute Journal & Proceedings 13:255–68.
  • Trautner, E. M. 1947. Alkaloid formation in Duboisia myoporoides and D. leichhardtii. Australian Chemical Institute Journal & Proceedings 14:411–31.
  • Trautner, E. M. 1949. A contribution to the causation of atropine allergy. Medical Journal of Australia, July 1, p. 17.
  • Trautner, E. M. 1951. The action of procaine in the body. Australian Journal of Science 14:13–14.
  • Trautner, E. M., and T. R. Bradley. 1951. The early stages of the oxidation of adrenaline in dilute solution. Australian Journal of Scientific Research Series B 4:303–43.
  • Trautner, E. M., and S. Gershon. 1958. The effect of tigloidine on extrapyramidal syndromes (Huntington’s Chorea). Australasian Annals of Medicine 7:286–91.
  • Trautner, E. M., and S. Gershon. 1959. Use of ‘Tremorine’ for screening anti-Parkinsonian drugs. Nature, May 23, p. 1462–63.
  • Trautner, E. M., S. Gershon, and G. E. Duerrheim. 1954. Treatment of schizophrenia by combined barbiturate-succinate therapy. Medical Journal of Australia, July 31, p. 181–83.
  • Trautner, E. M., and I. A. N. McCallum. 1950. The action of tropine and heliotridine-alkaloids on the excitation, propagation, and recovery in muscle. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 28:343–60.
  • Trautner, E. M., and M. Messer. 1952. Inhibition of Adrenaline oxidation by borate. Nature, January 5, p. 31–32.
  • Trautner, E. M., and M. Messer. 1953. The effect of borate on the oxygen uptake of brain tissue in Krebs phosphate ringer solution. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 6:501–19.
  • Trautner, E. M., R. [J. H.] Morris, C. H. Noack, and S. Gershon. 1955. The excretion and retention of ingested lithium and its effect on the ionic balance of man. Medical Journal of Australia, August 20, p. 280–91.
  • Trautner, E. M., T. W. Murray, and C. H. Noack. 1957. Modification of barbiturate sleep treatment by the use of Bemegride. British Medical Journal, December 28, p. 1514–18.
  • Trautner, E. M., and O. E. Neufeld. 1946. The Titrimetric determination of diacidic bases (nicotine, quinine) in mixtures with monacidic bases, and a simplified assay of nicotine. Australian Chemical Institute Journal & Proceedings 13:70–74.
  • Trautner, E. M., and O. E. Neufeld. 1947. The occurrence of ursolic acid in the leaves of Duboisia SP. Australian Chemical Institute Journal & Proceedings 14:17–22.
  • Trautner, E. M., and O. E. Neufeld. 1949. The alkaloids of Heliotropium europeum growing in Australia. Australian Journal of Science 11 (6):211–12.
  • Trautner, E. M., O. E. Neufeld, and C. N. Rodwell. 1948. The titration of hyoscine, hyoscyamine and atropine with picric acid in chloroform: Separation and fractionation of the picrates. Australian Chemical Institute Journal & Proceedings 15:55–61.
  • Trautner, E. M., and C. H. Noack. 1951. Tigloidine as a substitute for atropine in the treatment of Parkinsonism. Medical Journal of Australia, May 26, p. 751–54.
  • Trautner, E. M., P. R. Pennycuik, R. J. H. Morris, S. Gershon, and K. H. Shankly. 1958. The effects of prolonged sub-toxic lithium ingestion on pregnancy in rats. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 36:305–22.
  • Trautner, E. M., and J. B. Polya. 1948. Notes on a variation of the Schotten-Baumann reaction. Australian Chemical Institute Journal & Proceedings 15:52–54.
  • Trautner, E. M., and M. Roberts. 1948. The separation of hyoscine and hyoscyamine and the alkaloidal assay of Duboisia SPP. The Analyst 73 (864):140–46.
  • Trautner, E. M., and F. H. Shaw. 1945. A short assay of alkaloids by titration in chloroform solution (Part I: Principles and general procedure; Part II: Practical applications). Australian Chemical Institute Journal & Proceedings 12:232–39 and 405–12.
  • Trautner, E. M., E. R. Trethewie, and S. Gershon. 1953. The analeptic effect of succinate in coma and in confusional states. Medical Journal of Australia, December 5, p. 848–55.
  • Trethewie, E. R., E. M. Trautner, and S. Gershon. 1956. The effect of succinate on the number of circulating eosinophils in man and in the cat. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 34 (2):109–20.
  • United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2021. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2021.
  • Wallace, W., and C. Steinle. 2021. Eduard Trautner (1890-1978): An elusive late-expressionist writer. German Life and Letters 74 (4):458–510.
  • Westmore, A. 2002. Mind, Mania and Science: Psychiatry and the culture of experiment in mid-twentieth century Victoria. PhD thesis, University of Melbourne.
  • Westmore, A. 2008. Eric Cunningham Dax (1908-2008); A tribute. Health and History 10 (1):167–71.
  • Williams, C. 2013. Medicinal plants in Australia, vol. 4: An antipodean apothecary. Sydney: Rosenberg Publishing.
  • Williams, J. F. 1947. Present-day trends in psychiatry. Medical Journal of Australia, October 25, p. 505–08.
  • Wright, R. D. 1959. The savour and the salt. Eighth Mathison Memorial Lecture, delivered at the University of Melbourne on October 13, 1959. Medical Journal of Australia, January 21, 1961, pp. 88–93.
  • Wright, R. D. 1981. What Australian physiology owes to Adolf Hitler. Lecture given at the annual meeting of the Australian physiological and pharmacological society, August 1981. Proceedings of the Australian Physiological and Pharmacological Society 14 (1):22–27 ( 1983).
  • Wynn, V., S. Simon, R. J. H. Morris, I. R. Mcdonald, and D. A. Denton. 1950. The clinical significance of sodium and potassium analyses of biological fluids: Their estimation by flame spectrophotometry. Medical Journal of Australia, June 24, pp. 821–35.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.