The problems of social care in English nursing and residential homes for older people and the role of state regulation

References

• ADASS, 2021. ADASS report: new rapid survey findings. London: ADASS. [8 September].
   Google Scholar
• ADASS (Association of Directors of Adult Social Services) and LGA (Local Government Association), 2017. Response to the competition and markets authority’s draft report ‘care home market study’. London: ADASS and LGA.
   Google Scholar
• Allan, S. and Forder, J., 2015. The determinants of care home closure. Health Economics, 24 (Suppl. 1), 132–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barron, A.N. and West, E., 2017. The quasi-market for adult residential care in the UK: do for-profit, not-for-profit or public sector residential care and nursing homes provide better quality care? Social Science and Medicine, 179, 137–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayliss, K. and Gideon, J., 2020. The privatisation and financialisation of social care. London: Women’s Budget Group.
   Google Scholar
• Beaussier, A.-L., et al., 2016. Accounting for failure: risk-based regulation and the problems of ensuring healthcare quality in the NHS. Health, Risk and Society, 18 (3–4), 205–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benish, A., Halevy, D., and Spiro, S., 2018. Regulating social welfare services: between compliance and learning. International Journal of Social Welfare, 27, 226–235.
   Google Scholar
• Blakeley, G. and Quilter-Pinner, H., 2019. Who cares? The financialisation of adult social care. London: IPPR.
   Google Scholar
• Bos, A. and Harrington, C., 2017. What happens to a nursing home chain when private equity takes over? A longitudinal case study. Inquiry: the Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 5 (4), 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Braithwaite, J., 2011. The regulatory state? In: R.E. Goodin, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Political Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Braithwaite, J., Makkai, T., and Braithwaite, V., 2007. Regulating Aged Care. Ritualism and the New Pyramid. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Bridgen, P. and Lewis, J., 1999. Elderly People And The Boundary Between Health And Social Care 1946-91. Whose Responsibility? London: The Nuffield Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Burchardt, T., 2021. Re-thinking unmet need in adult social care. London: Social Policy Blog 29 March, LSE.
   Google Scholar
• Burchardt, T., Oblenskaya, P., and Hughes, J., 2020. The Conservatives’ Record on Adult Social Care in England, May 2015 to Pre-Covid 2020. London: LSE, CASE and Nuffield Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, D., et al., 2016. Where does the money go? Financialised chains and the crisis in residential care. Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change. University of Manchester and the Open University.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, D., Hyde, P., and Killett, A., 2016. How financial cutbacks affect job quality and care of the elderly. Industrial Labor Relations Review, 69 (4), 991–1016.
   Google Scholar
• Cabinet Office, DHSC (Department of Health and Social Care), and Prime Minister’s Office. 2021. Adult social care charging reform: further details, Policy Paper. London: Cabinet office.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, S., 2014. Pay, conditions and care quality in residential, nursing and domiciliary services. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• CMA (Competition and Markets Authority), 2017. Care homes market study: summary of final report. London: CMA.
   Google Scholar
• Cominetti, N., Gardiner, L., and Kelly, G., 2020. What happens after the clapping finishes? London: Resolution Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Commission on Funding of Care and Support (the Dilnot Commission), 2011. Fairer care funding, Vol. 1. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Comptroller and Auditor General, 2011. The Care Quality Commission: Regulating the quality and safety of health and adult social care. HC 1665.
   Google Scholar
• Comptroller, and Auditor General, 2015. Capacity and capability to regulate the quality and safety of health and adult social care. HC 271.
   Google Scholar
• Comptroller, and Auditor General, 2017. Care Quality Commission - Regulating health and social care. HC 409.
   Google Scholar
• Comptroller, and Auditor General, 2018. The adult social care workforce in England. HC 714.
   Google Scholar
• Comptroller, and Auditor General, 2021. The adult social care market in England. HC 1244.
   Google Scholar
• CQC, 2018. The state of adult social care services 2014-17. London: CQC.
   Google Scholar
• CQC, 2020a. The state of health care and adult social care in England 2019-20. HC 799.
   Google Scholar
• CQC, 2020b. Market oversight of ‘difficult to replace’ providers of adult social care. Guidance for providers Draft. London: CQC.
   Google Scholar
• CQC, 2021. A new strategy for the changing world of health and social care - CQC strategy from 2021. London: CQC.
   Google Scholar
• CQC (Care Quality Commission), 2014. The stability of the adult social care market and market oversight in England. A report for the CQC produced by the Institute of Public Care. London: CQC.
   Google Scholar
• Curry, N., Oung, C., and Keeble, E., 2021. Fractured and forgotten? The social care provider market in England. London: Nuffield Trust Research Report.
   Google Scholar
• David, H., Downe, J., and Martin, S., 2001. External inspection of local government. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Day, P. and Klein, R., 1987. The regulation of nursing home. A comparative perspective. Milbank Memorial Quarterly, 65 (3), 303–347.
   Google Scholar
• DH, 2012. Performance and capability review. The Care Quality Commission. London.
   Google Scholar
• DH (Department of Health), 2010. Building the national care service. Cm 7854. London: Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• DHSC (Department of Health and Social Care), 2021a. The Government response to the health and social care committee report on adult social care: funding and workforce CP 360. London: OGL.
   Google Scholar
• DHSC, 2021b. People at the heart of care. Adult social care reform white paper CP 560. London: OGL.
   Google Scholar
• Exworthy, M., Powell, M., and Glasby, J., 2017. The governance of integrated health and social care in England since 2010: great expectations not met once again? Health Policy, 121, 1124–1130.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fixsen, D.L., et al., 2005. Implementation research: a Synthesis of the Literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Forder, J. and Allan, S., 2011. Competition in the care homes market. A report for the office of health economics’ commission on competition in the NHS. London: OHE.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, D., 2021. Proposed reforms to adult social care announced in September 2021. London: House of Commons Library.
   Google Scholar
• Gage, H., et al., 2009. Why are some care homes better than others? An empirical study of the factors associated with quality of care for older people in residential homes in Surrey, England. Health and Social Care in the Community, 17 (6), 599–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasby, J., et al., 2010. The case for social care reform – the wider economic and social benefits (for the Department of Health). Birmingham: Health Services Management Centre/Institute of Applied Social Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Glasby, J., et al., 2020. A lost decade? A renewed case for adult social care reform in England. Journal of Social Policy, 50 (2), 406–437.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, L.H.B., 2017. Stories of care: a labour of law. Gender and class at work. London: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• HC-One Chief Financial Officer (D. Smith) letter to Local Authorities, 2020. HC-One – Covid-19 Update. 19 April.
   Google Scholar
• Himmelweit, S., 1999. Caring labour. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561, 27–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HL (House of Lords), Economic Affairs Committee, 2019. Social care funding: time to end a national scandal. HL Paper 392.
   Google Scholar
• HM Treasury, 2012. Treasury Minutes. CM 8352.
   Google Scholar
• HoC Committee of Public Accounts, 2015. Care Quality Commission. HC 501.
   Google Scholar
• HoC Committee of Public Accounts, 2018. Care Quality Commission: Regulating health and social care. HC 465.
   Google Scholar
• HoC Health and Social Care Committee, 2020. Social care: funding and workforce. HC 206
   Google Scholar
• HoC Health Committee, 2011. Annual accountability hearing with the Care Quality Commission. HC 1430.
   Google Scholar
• HoC Health Committee, 2013. 2013 Accountability hearing with the Care Quality Commission. HC 761.
   Google Scholar
• Hudson, B., 2015. Dealing with market failure: a new dilemma in UK health and social care policy? Critical Social Policy, 35 (2), 281–292.
   Google Scholar
• Hudson, B., 2016. The failure of privatised adult social care in England: what is to be done? London: Centre for Health and the Public Interest.
   Google Scholar
• Humphries, R. and Timmins, N., 2021. Stories from social care leadership. Progress and pestilence and Penury. London: King’s Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrett, T., 23 October 2017. Social care: Government reviews and policy proposals for paying for care since 1997 (England). London: House of Commons Library, Briefing Paper 8000.
   Google Scholar
• King‘s Fund, 2011. The Dilnot Commission Report on social care (2011) Briefing. London: King’s Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Kingsmill, D., 2014. The Kingsmill Review. Taking care. An independent report into working conditions in the care sector. London: Labour Party.
   Google Scholar
• Knapp, M., Hardy, B., and Forder, J., 2001. Commissioning for quality: ten years of social care markets in England. Journal of Social Policy, 30, 283–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotecha, V., 2019. Plugging the leaks in the UK Care Home Industry. London: Centre for Health and the Public Interest.
   Google Scholar
• Laing, and Buisson, 2012. The role of private equity in UK health and care services. Report for the British private equity and venture capital association. London: Laing and Buisson.
   Google Scholar
• Le Grand, J. and Bartlett, W., 1993. Quasi-markets and social policy. Houndmills: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J., 2020. The challenge of controlling Covid-19: Problems of public health and social care policy in England during the first wave. Bristol: Policy Press ebook.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. and Glennerster, H., 1996. Implementing the new community care. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. and Meredith, B., 1989. Daughters who care. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. and West, A., 2014. Re-shaping social care services for older people in England: policy development and the problem of achieving ‘good care’. Journal of Social Policy, 43 (1), 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, R.Q., et al., 2021. Integrated care in England – what can we learn from a decade of national pilot programmes? International Journal of Integrated Care, 21 (S2), 5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lipsky, M., 1980. Street level bureaucracy. Dilemmas of the individual in public service. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, M., 2002. Understanding the regulatory state. British Journal of Political Science, 32 (2), 391–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro, E. (2011) The Munro review of child protection: Final Report. Cm 8062.
   Google Scholar
• Naylor, A. and Magnusson, J., 2019. Data that cares. London: Future Care Capital.
   Google Scholar
• Needham, C., et al., 2020. Market shaping and personalisation in social care: A realist synthesis of the literature. Birmingham: University of Birmingham Health Services Management Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Norton, M.J., 2009. The impact and consequences of inspection on residential care for older people: a critical analysis of four case studies of commission for social care inspection (CSCI) inspection (sic). unpublished Phd thesis. University of York.
   Google Scholar
• Nuffield Trust, 2013. Rating providers for quality: a policy worth pursuing? Report commissioned by the department of health. London: Nuffield Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics, 2021. Care homes and estimating the self-funding population, England: 2019-2010. London: ONS.
   Google Scholar
• Office for Statistics Regulation, 2020. Adult social care statistics in England. London: Office for Statistics Regulation.
   Google Scholar
• Ogden, K., Phillips, D., and Spiliotis, J.-C., 2020. Covid-19 and English council funding: what is the medium-term outlook? London: Institute for Fiscal Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Oung, C., Schlepper, L., and Curry, N., 2020. What does the social care workforce look like across the four countries? London: Nuffield Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Plimmer, G., 2021. UK’s biggest care home chain paid £4.8million to owners while requesting state aid. Financial Times, 16 December.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, M. and Hall, P., 2019/20. An idea whose time has not yet come: government positions on long term care funding in England since 1999. Research, Policy and Planning, 33 (3), 137–149.
   Google Scholar
• Power, M., 1997. The audit society: rituals of verification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pradhan, R., et al., 2014. Private equity ownership of nursing homes: implications for quality. Journal of Health Care Finance, 42 (2), 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Pradhan, R. and Weech-Maldonado, R., 2011. Exploring the relationship between private equity ownership and nursing home performance: a review. Biennial Review of Health Care Management, Advances in Health Care Management, 11, 63–89.
   Google Scholar
• Prime Minister’s Office, 2021. Building back better: Our plan for health and social care. CP 506. London: OGL.
   Google Scholar
• Rothstein, H., 2006. The institutional origin of risk: a new agenda for risk research. Health, Risk and Society, 8 (3), 215–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland, D., 8 May 2019. Corporate care home collapse and ‘light touch’ regulation: a repeating cycle of failure. London: LSE British Politics and Policy Blog.
   Google Scholar
• Rowland, D., 21 September 2021. Johnson’s social care reforms do nothing to guarantee the future of the ailing care home sector and could even make the problem worse. London: LSE British Politics and Policy Blog.
   Google Scholar
• Royal Commission on Long-Term Care for the Elderly, 1999. With respect to old age: long-term care – rights and responsibilities. London: The Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Government, 2021. A national care service for Scotland – consultation. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.
   Google Scholar
• Skills for Care, 2020. The state of the adult social care sector and workforce in England. Leeds: Skills for Care.
   Google Scholar
• Smithson, R., et al., 2018. Impact of the care quality commission on provider performance. room for improvement? London: King’s Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Spanko, A., 2021. Private equity ownership of nursing homes leads to 10% higher risk of death, 11% increase in spending: study. Skilled Nursing News 22 February.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, R., 2021. Social care funding: improving the availability of private sector insurance products. London: House of Lords Library.
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, G., 2018. Care homes for the elderly: where are we now? London: Grant Thornton.
   Google Scholar
• Tronto, J., 1993. Moral boundaries: a political argument for an ethic of care. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ungerson, C., 1987. Policy is personal: sex, gender and informal care. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Weech-Maldonado, R., et al., 2019. Nursing home quality and financial performance: is there a business case for quality? Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision and Finance, 56, 1–10.
   Google Scholar