References
Cases
- Appeals Court of Bologna, No. 803 of 2015.
- Bocca v Ministry of Health, Court of Rimini, Labour Section No. 148 of 2012.
- A Father v A Mother [2020] NI Fam 12.
- G (A Minor) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2017] 1 W.L.R. 1956
- Loveday v Renton [1990] 1 Med LR 117.
- M v H [2020] EWFC 93.
- Peters v Prince of Wales Theatre (Birmingham) Limited [1943] KB 73.
- Re H (A Child) (Parental Responsibility: Vaccination) [2020] 3 WLR 1049.
- Rylands v Fletcher [1868] UKHL 1.
- Althen v Secretary of Health and Human Services, Fed. Cir. 29 July 2005.
- Rubenstein v United States, 338 F. Supp. 654 (N.D. Cal. 1972), aff’d, 488 F.2d 1071 ( 9th Cir. 1973).
Correspondence
- Email from DWP Central Freedom of Information Team to author (23 December 2020). Ref: FOI2020/80,394.
- Email from Mrs Susan Bond (VDPU) to author (13 October 2020).
Early Day Motions
- EDM 1646 Payments for Workers Damaged by Vaccines, 2008-09.
Hansard
- H.C. Deb. 9 May 1978 Vol. 949, Col.974-979.
- H.C. Deb. 5 February 1979 Vol.962, Col.35.
- H.C. Deb. 28 November 1983 Vol. 49, Col.410W.
- H.C. Deb. 19 December 1988 Vol.144, Col.126W.
- H.C. Deb. 08 July 2009, Vol.495, Col.310WH.
- H.C. Deb. 24 March 2015, Vol.594, Col.442-458WH.
- H.C. Deb. 8 March 2017, Vol.399, Col.803.
- HC Deb, 09 September 2019, CW
- H.C. Deb. 2 March 2022, Vol. 709, Col.1148.
- H.L. Deb. 8 March 1979 Vol 399, Col.303.
- H.L. Deb. 8 May 1985 Vol 463, Col.682-683.
Legislation
- Administration of Justice Act 1982
- Equality Act 2010
- Fatal Accidents Act 1976
- Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992
- Vaccination Act 1853
- Vaccination Act 1867
- Vaccination Act 1871
- Vaccination Act 1873
- Vaccine Damage Payments Act 1979
- National Childhood Vaccine Injury Compensation Program 1986
- Covid-19 Vaccine Damage H.C. Bill (2021-22) [44].
Statutory Instruments
- The Armed Forces and Reserve Forces (Compensation Scheme) Order 2011/517.
- The Damages for Bereavement (Variation of Sum) (England and Wales) Order 2020/316.
- The Regulatory Reform (Vaccine Damage Payments Act 1979) Order 2002/1592.
- The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2008/2833.
- The Vaccine Damage Payments Act 1979 Statutory Sum Order 2007/1931.
- The Vaccine Damage Payments (Specified Disease) Order 2020/1411.
Articles, Books and Websites
- Adorno, T., 1984. The idea of natural history. Telos, 60 (1), 111–124. doi:10.3817/0684060111
- Adorno, T., 2001. Problems of moral philosophy. Cambridge: Polity.
- Annas, J., 2011. Intelligent virtue. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Aquinas, T., 1981. Summa theologica. Westminster, MD: Christian Classics.
- Aquino, F., et al. 2017. The web and public confidence in MMR vaccination in Italy. Vaccine, 35 (35), 4494–4498. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.029
- Aristotle, 1926. Rhetoric. J. Freese Trans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Aristotle, 1981. The politics. T. Sinclair Trans. London: Penguin.
- Aristotle, 1998. Metaphysics. H. Lawson-Tancred Trans. London: Penguin.
- Aristotle, 2009. The nicomachean ethics. Ross, D., Trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Association of Personal Injury Lawyers, 2001. Department of work and pensions amending the vaccine damage payments act 1979: a response by the association of personal injury lawyers, Available From: [ Accessed 02 March 2022]. https://www.apil.org.uk/files/pdf/ConsultationDocuments/653.pdf
- Beck, S., 2010. New hope for parents who claim MMR jab blighted their children. Mail on Sunday 27 .
- Benbow, D., 2021. 28 August. The dizziness of freedom: understanding and responding to vaccine anxieties. Journal of law, medicine & ethics, 49 (4), 580–595. doi:10.1017/jme.2021.81.
- Bentham, J., 1977. A comment on the commentaries and a fragment on government. London: Athlone Press.
- Berman, J., 2020. Anti-vaxxers: how to challenge a misinformed movement. London: MIT Press.
- Boulden, E. and Mawdesley-Thomas, C., 2020. The vaccine damage payments act 1979 and the coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. Available from: https://clinicalnegligence.blog/2020/12/30/the-vaccine-damage-payments-act-1979-and-the-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine/ [ Accessed 02 March 2022].
- Brahams, D., 1990. Medicine and the law: pertussis vaccine litigation. The lancet, 335 (8694), 905–906. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90497-S
- Brazier, M. and Cave, E., 2016. Medicine, patients and the law: 6th edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- Calnan, A., 2008. Strict liability and the liberal justice theory of torts. New Mexico law review, 38 (1), 95–131.
- Calnan, A., 2010. The instrumental justice of private law. University of missouri-kansas city law review, 78 (3), 559–615.
- Cane, P., 1997. The anatomy of tort law. Oxford: Hart.
- Cane, P., 2010. Atiyah’s accidents, compensation and the law: 7th edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH), 2020. The anti-vaxx industry: how big tech powers and profits from vaccine misinformation. London: CCDH.
- Coleman, J., 1992. Risks and wrongs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Colgrove, J., 2019. Immunization and ethics: beneficence, coercion, public health and the state. In: A. Mastroianni, J. Kahn, and N. Kass, eds. The Oxford handbook of public health ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 435–447.
- Conaghan, J. and Mansell, W., 1999. The wrongs of tort law: 2nd edition. London: Pluto Press.
- Daube, D., 1969. Roman law: linguistic, social and philosophical aspects. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Delgado, M., 2010. 28 August.Family win 18 year fight over MMR damage to son: £90,000 payout is first since concerns over vaccine surfaced. Mail on Sunday 27 ,
- Deneulin, S. and Townsend, N., 2007. Public goods, global public goods and the common good. International journal of social economics, 34 (1–2), 19–36. doi:10.1108/03068290710723345
- Department of Health, 2006. Immunisation against infectious disease. Norwich: The Stationery Office.
- Dingwall, R. and Hobson-West, P., 2006. Litigation and the threat to medicine. In: D. Kelleher, J. Gabe, and G. Williams, eds. Challenging medicine: 2nd edition. London: Taylor & Francis, 40–61.
- Duke, G., 2016. The distinctive common good. The review of politics, 78 (2), 227–250. doi:10.1017/S0034670516000036
- Dworkin, G., 1978. Compensation and payments for vaccine damage. The journal of social welfare law, 1 (6), 330–336. doi:10.1080/09649067808414203
- Engle, E., 2009. Aristotelian theory and causation: the globalization of tort law. GNLU law review, 2, 1–18.
- Farrelly, C. and Solum, L., eds., 2007. Virtue jurisprudence. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Feldman, H., 1999. Prudence, benevolence and negligence: virtue ethics and tort law. Chicago-kent law review, 74 (4), 1431–1466.
- Finlayson, J., 2002. Adorno on the ethical and ineffable. European journal of philosophy, 10 (1), 1–25. doi:10.1111/1468-0378.00147
- Finnis, J., 2011. Natural law and natural rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fletcher, G., 1972. Fairness and utility in tort theory. Harvard law review, 85 (3), 537–573. doi:10.2307/1339623
- Foot, P., 2002. Virtues and vices and other essays in moral philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fox, R., 2006. Helen’s story. London: John Blake.
- Freyenhagen, F., 2013. Adorno’s practical philosophy: living less wrongly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Gay, R., 2019. Virtue ethics and medical law. In: A. Phillips, T. De Campos, and J. Herring, eds. Philosophical foundations of medical law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 11–25.
- Giubilini, A., 2019. The Ethics of Vaccination. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Goldberg, R., 1996. Vaccine damage and causation- social and legal implications. Journal of social security law, 3 (3), 100–120.
- Goldberg, R., 2011. Using scientific evidence to resolve causation problems in product liability: UK, US and french experiences. In: R. Goldberg, ed. Perspectives on causation. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 149–179.
- Gordley, J., 1995. Tort law in the aristotelian tradition. In: D. Owen, ed. The philosophical foundations of tort law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 131–158.
- Gorovitz, S. and MacIntyre, A., 1976. Toward a theory of medical fallibility. The journal of medicine and philosophy, 1 (1), 51–71. doi:10.1093/jmp/1.1.51
- Grey, B., 2011. The plague of causation in the national childhood vaccine injury act. Harvard journal on legislation, 48 (2), 343–414.
- Halabi, S. and Omer, S., 2017. A global vaccine injury compensation system. Journal of the american medical association, 317 (5), 471–472. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19492
- Hare, R., 1981. Moral thinking: its levels, method and point. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Hendrix, K., et al. 2014. Vaccine message framing and parents’ intent to immunize their infants for MMR. Pediatrics, 134 (3), e675–683. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-4077
- Henson, R., 2007. Inoculated against recovery: a comparative analysis of vaccine injury compensation in the United States and Great Britain. Tulsa journal of comparative and international law, 15 (1), 61–96.
- Hobson-West, P., File on 4 vaccine damages (BBC radio 4, 2 February 2016 Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06z2pn8.
- Hodge, J. and Solicitors, A., 2018. Government agrees to re-think vaccination compensation age-bar after admitting equality rule breach. Available from: https://www.hja.net/press-releases/government-agrees-rethink-vaccination-compensation-age-bar-admitting-equality-rule-breach/ [ Accessed 02 March 2022].
- Hodges, C., 2020. COVID-19 vaccines: injury compensation issues. University of Oxford Legal Research Paper Series.
- Holland, M., 2011. Vaccination choice is a fundamental human right. In: L. Habakus and M. Holland, eds. Vaccine epidemic. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing, 11–13.
- Jaeggi, R., et al. 2001. Solidarity and indifference. In: R. Ter Meulen, ed. Solidarity and health care in Europe. London: Kluwer, 287–308.
- Kant, I., 1784. Answering the question: what is enlightenment? Berlin: Berlin Monthly.
- Keane, M., et al., 2019. Vaccine injury redress programmes: an evidence review. Dublin: Health Research Board.
- Keating, G., 2019. Justice for Guinea pigs. Law, innovation and technology, 11 (1), 75–92. doi:10.1080/17579961.2019.1573398
- Keating, G., 2001. A social contract conception of the tort law of accidents. In: G. Postema, ed. Philosophy and the law of torts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 22–71.
- Keelan, J. and Wilson, K., 2011. Designing a no-fault vaccine-injury compensation programme for Canada: lessons learned from an international analysis of programmes. Toronto: University of Toronto.
- Keren-Paz, T., 2007. Torts, egalitarianism and distributive justice. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Keren-Paz, T., 2019. No-fault (strict) liability for injuries from innovative treatments: fairness or also efficiency? Law, innovation & technology, 11 (1), 55–74. doi:10.1080/17579961.2019.1573397
- Kirkland, A., 2016. Vaccine court: the law and politics of injury. New York, NY: New York University Press.
- Kulenkampff, M., Schwartzman, J., and Wilson, J., 1974. Neurological complications of pertussis inoculation. Archives of disease in childhood, 49 (1), 46–49. doi:10.1136/adc.49.1.46
- Larson, H., 2020. Stuck: how vaccine rumours start- and why they don’t go away. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Looker, C. and Kelly, H., 2011. No-fault compensation following adverse events attributed to vaccination: a review of international programmes. Bulletin of the world health organisation, 89 (5), 371–378. doi:10.2471/BLT.10.081901
- MacIntyre, A., 1999. Dependent rational animals: why human beings need the virtues. Chicago, IL: Open Court.
- MacIntyre, A., 2007. After virtue: a study in moral theory: 3rd edition. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
- MacIntyre, A., 2016. The justification of coercion and constraint. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUorkiiXGkc [ Accessed 10 March 2022].
- Macleod, S., 2017. Vaccine injury compensation schemes. In: C. Hodges and S. Macleod, eds. Redress schemes for personal injuries. Oxford: Hart, 381–404.
- Manning, R., 1994. Changing rules in tort law and the market for childhood vaccines. The journal of law & economics, 37 (1), 247–275. doi:10.1086/467313
- Mariner, W., 1987. Compensation programs for vaccine-related injury abroad. Saint Louis University law journal, 31 (3), 599–664.
- Mello, M., 2008. Rationalizing vaccine injury compensation. Bioethics, 22 (1), 32–42. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00590.x
- Millward, G., 2017. A disability act? The vaccine damage payments act 1979 and the British government’s response to the pertussis vaccine scare. Social history of medicine, 30 (2), 429–447. doi:10.1093/shm/hkv140
- Millward, G., 2019. Vaccinating Britain: mass vaccination and the public since the second world war. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- Motta, M., Callaghan, T., and Sylvester, S., 2018. Knowing less but presuming more: dunning-Kruger effects and the endorsement of anti-vaccine policy attitudes. Social science & medicine, 211, 274–281. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.032
- Mungwira, R., et al. 2020. Global landscape analysis of no-fault compensation programmes for vaccine injuries: a review and survey of implementing countries. PLOS One, 15 (5), e0233334. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233334
- Mungwira, R., Guillard Maure, C., and Zuber, P., 2019. Economic and immunisation safety surveillance characteristics of countries implementing no-fault compensation programmes for vaccine injuries. Vaccine, 37 (31), 4370–4375. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.018
- Murphy, M., 2006. Natural Law in jurisprudence and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Nussbaum, M., 1996. Compassion: the basic social emotion. Social philosophy & policy, 13 (1), 27–58. doi:10.1017/S0265052500001515
- Nussbaum, M., 2000. Aristotle, politics and human capabilities: a response to antony arneson, charlesworth and mulgan. Ethics, 111 (1), 102–140. doi:10.1086/233421
- Nussbaum, M., 2003. Upheavals of thought: the intelligence of emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Polinsky, A. and Shavell, S., 2010. The uneasy case for product liability. Harvard Law Review, 123 (6), 1437–1492.
- Posner, R., 1997. Wealth maximization and tort law: a philosophical inquiry. In: D. Owen, ed. The philosophical foundations of tort law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 99–112.
- Preloznjak, B. and Simovic, I., 2018. European experiences and croatian perspectives of compensation programs in case of childhood vaccine injury. Intereulawest, V, 15–35.
- Pywell, S., 2000. A critical review of the recent and impending changes to the law of statutory compensation for vaccine damage. Journal of personal injury law, 4 (1), 246–256.
- Pywell, S., 2001. Compensation for vaccine damage. Thesis (PhD). University of Hertfordshire.
- Pywell, S., 2002. The vaccine damage payment scheme: a proposal for radical reform. Journal of social security law, 9 (2), 73–93.
- Rawls, J., 1999a. A theory of justice. Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Rawls, J., 1999b. The law of peoples: with the idea of public reason revisited. London: Harvard University Press.
- Rawls, J., 2005. Political liberalism. Expanded Edition. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Rawls, J., 1964. Legal obligation and the duty of fair play, and S. Hood, ed. Law and philosophy. New York: New York University Press, 3–18.
- Robinson, R., 1981. The whooping cough immunisation controversy. Archives of disease in childhood, 56 (8), 577–580. doi:10.1136/adc.56.8.577
- Royal Commission on Civil Liability and Compensation for Personal Injury., 1978. The report of the royal commission on civil liability and compensation for personal injury. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
- Ryan, F., 2019. Crippled: austerity and the demonization of disabled people. London: Verso.
- Sandel, M., 1998. Liberalism and the limits of justice: 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Slavny, A., 2014. Non-reciprocity and the moral basis of liability to compensate. Oxford journal of legal studies, 34 (3), 417–442. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqt034
- Spinoza, B., 2007. Theological-political treatise. Trans M. Silverthorne and J. Israel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Stapleton, J., 1986a. Compensating victims of disease. Oxford journal of legal studies, 5 (2), 248–268. doi:10.1093/ojls/5.2.248
- Stapleton, J., 1986b. Disease and the compensation debate. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Trivigno, F., 2014. Empathic concern and the pursuit of virtue. In: N. Snow and F. Trivigno, eds. The philosophy and psychology of character and happiness. London: Routledge, 113–132.
- Turnidge, S., 2021. MP makes unevidenced claims about vaccine damage. Available from: https://fullfact.org/health/christopher-chope-vaccine-damage-bill/ [ Accessed 05 March 2022].
- Vaccine Damage Steering Group., 2009. Report of vaccine damage steering group. Dublin: Department of Health.
- Wagner, W., 2011. God, government and parental rights. In: L. Habakus and M. Holland, eds. Vaccine epidemic. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing, 64–68.
- Weinrib, E., 2012. Corrective Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Wilson, K. and Keelan, J., 2012. The case for a vaccine injury compensation program for Canada. Canadian journal of public health, 103 (2), 122–124. doi:10.1007/BF03404215
- Wood, N., et al., 2020. Australia needs a vaccine injury compensation scheme. The royal australian college of general practitioners. doi:10.31128/AJGP-COVID-36
- Wright, R., 1995. Right, justice and tort law. In: D. Owen, ed. The philosophical foundations of tort law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 159–182.