References
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- Barton, C. and Douglas, G., 1995. Law and parenthood. London, Dublin and Edinburgh: Butterworths.
- Berkhout, S.G., 2008. Buns in the oven: objectification, surrogacy, and women’s autonomy. Social theory and practice, 34 (1), 95. doi:10.5840/soctheorpract20083415.
- Boyd, S.B., 2007. Gendering legal parenthood: bio-genetic ties, internationality and responsibility. Windsor yearbook of access to justice, 25, 63.
- Brahams, D., 1987. The hasty british ban on commercial surrogacy. The hastings center report, 17 (1), 16. doi:10.2307/3562435.
- Brown, A., 2020. What is the family of law? The influence of the nuclear family. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
- Cotton, K., 2019. Baby cotton onwards: UK surrogacy law needs to keep pace. BioNews, 26 August, 1012. Available from: https://www.progress.org.uk/baby-cotton-onwards-uk-surrogacy-law-needs-to-keep-pace/ [Accessed 1 March 2024].
- Day Sclater, S., Bainham, A., and Richards, M., 1999. Introduction. In: A. Bainham, S.D. Sclater, and M. Richards, eds. What is a parent? A socio-legal analysis. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 1–22.
- den Akker O, V., 2003. Genetic and gestational surrogate mothers’ experience of surrogacy. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 21, 145. doi:10.1080/0264683031000124091 2
- Diduck, A., 2007. ‘If Only We Can Find the Appropriate Terms to Use the Issue Will Be Solved’: Law, Identity and Parenthood. Child and family law quarterly, 19, 458.
- Fenton-Glynn, C., 2015. The regulation and recognition of surrogacy under English law: an overview of the case-law. Child and family law quarterly, 27 (1), 83.
- Fenton-Glynn, C., 2020. Deconstructing parenthood: what makes a “MOTHER”? Cambridge law journal, 79 (1), 34. doi:10.1017/S0008197320000227.
- Fenton-Glynn, C. and Scherpe, J.M., 2019. Surrogacy in a globalised world: comparative analysis and thoughts on regulation. In: J.M. Scherpe, C. Fenton-Glynn, and T. Kaan, eds. Eastern and western perspectives on surrogacy. Cambridge, Antwerp, Chicago: Intersentia 515–592.
- Finn, S. (unpublished manuscript). Mother is not always certain: biological essentialism in English and Welsh law.
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- Horsey, K., 2019. How can a reformed surrogacy law reflect pragmatism and respect ethics? In: A.M. Phillips, T.C. de Campos, and J. Herring, eds. Philosophical foundations of medical law. Oxford, United Kingdom; New York, USA: OUP, 253–264.
- Horsey, K., et al. 2022. UK surrogates’ characteristics, experiences, and views on surrogacy law reform. International journal of law, policy and the family, 36 (1), 1. doi:10.1093/lawfam/ebac030.
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- Jackson, E., 2002. Conception and the irrelevance of the welfare principle. Modern law review, 65 (2), 176. doi:10.1111/1468-2230.00374.
- Jadva, V., 2016. Surrogacy. In: S. Golombok, ed. Regulating reproductive donation. Cambridge, United Kingdom: CUP, 126–139.
- Lewis, S., 2019. Full surrogacy now: feminism against family. London; New York: Verso.
- Lowe, N.D., G., H.E. and Taylor, R. 2021. Bromley’s Family Law. Oxford, United Kingdom: OUP.
- Mahmoud, Z. and Romanis, E.C., 2023. On gestation and motherhood. Medical law review, 31 (1), 109. doi:10.1093/medlaw/fwac030.
- Margaria, A., 2022. When the personal becomes political: rethinking legal fatherhood. International journal of constitutional law, 20 (3), 1386. doi:10.1093/icon/moac076.
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- Parkin, T., 2018. The ancient family and the law. In: L. Kassell, N. Hopwood, and R. Flemming, eds. Reproduction: antiquity to the present day. Cambridge; New York: CUP, 81–93.
- Sloth-Nielsen, J., 2019. South Africa. In: J.M. Scherpe, C. Fenton-Glynn, and T. Kaan, eds. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Surrogacy. Cambridge, Antwerp, Chicago: Intersentia, 185–202.
- Teixeira Pedro, R., 2019. Portugal. In: J.M. Scherpe, C. Fenton-Glynn, and T. Kaan, eds. Eastern and western perspectives on surrogacy. Cambridge, Antwerp, Chicago: Intersentia, 229–258.
- Wertheimer, A., 1992. Two Questions About Surrogacy and Exploitation. Philosophy and public affairs, 21 (3), 213.
- Zervogianni, E., 2019. Greece. In: J.M. Scherpe, C. Fenton-Glynn, and T. Kaan, eds. Eastern and western perspectives on surrogacy. Cambridge, Antwerp, Chicago: Intersentia, 147–163.
Reports
- Brazier, M., Campbell, A. and Golombok, S., 1998. Surrogacy: Review for Health Ministers of Current Arrangements for Payments and Regulations; Report of the Review Team. Cm 4068. (Brazier Report)
- DHSS, 1984. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. Cm 9314. London: HMSO. ( Warnock Report)
- HFEA, 1990. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, c.37. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/37/contents [Accessed 24 April].
- HFEA, 2008. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, c.22. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/22/contents [Accessed 24 April].
- HFEA, 2023. Fertility Treatment 2021: Preliminary Trends and Figures. Available from: https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/publications/research-and-data/fertility-treatment-2021-preliminary-trends-and-figures/ [Accessed 1 March 2024].
- SAA, 1985. Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985, c.49. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/49 [Accessed 24 April].
- Law Commission of England and Wales & Scottish Law Commission, 2023. Building Families Through Surrogacy: A New Law—Core Report. Law Com 411. London: TSO. (Law Commission Report)
- Ministry of Justice, 2023. Family Court Tables: July to September 2023. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/family-court-statistics-quarterly-july-to-september-2023 [Accessed 1 March 2024].
Table of cases
- England and Wales
- Germany
- Ampthill Peerage, 1977. AC 547.
- BGH, Case XII ZB 463/13, 2014. 10 December. Bghz 203, 350
- Re A (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008), 2015. EWHC 2602 (Fam).
- Re W (Minors) (Surrogacy), 1991. 1. FLR 385.
- R (McConnell and YY) V Registrar General, 2020a. EWCA Civ 559.
- R (On the Application of TT) V Registrar General for England and Wales. 2019a. EWHC 1823 (Fam).
- Whittington Hospital NHS Trust V XX, 2020b. UKSC 14.
European Court of Human Rights
- Advisory Opinion Concerning the Recognition in Domestic Law of a Legal Parent-Child Relationship Between a Child Born Through a Gestational Surrogacy Arrangement Abroad and the Intended Mother [GC], Request No. P16-2018-001, French Court of Cassation, 10 April 2019b.
- Mennesson V. France, No. 65192/11, ECHR 2014 ( extracts).
- X, Y and Z v. the United Kingdom, 1997. Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997, 22 April
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