YPAR and powerful partnerships for change: reconceptualisations of youth-led participatory action research and catalytic validity

References

• Adelman, C. 1993. “Kurt Lewin and the Origins of Action Research.” Educational Action Research 1 (1): 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965079930010102.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, D. P., M. Akiba, G. K. LeTendre, and A. W. Wiseman. 2001. “Worldwide Shadow Education: Outside-School Learning, Institutional Quality of Schooling and Cross-National Mathematics Achievement.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 23 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737023001001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhtin, M. 1984. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blumenthal, T. 1992. “Japan’s Juken Industry.” Asian Survey 32 (5): 448–460. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644976.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 2012. “The Forms of Social Capital (1986, 2008).” In The E-Learning Reader, edited by S. de Freitas and J. Jameson, 273–274. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Bray, M. 1999. The Shadow Education System: Private Tutoring and Its Implications for Planners. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/the-shadow-education-system-private-tutoring-and-its-implications-for-planners/.
   Google Scholar
• Bray, M. 2009. Confronting the Shadow Education System: What Government Policies for What Private Tutoring. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001851/185106E.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bray, M. 2013. “Shadow Education: Comparative Perspectives on the Expansion and Implications of Private Supplementary Tutoring.” Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences 77: 412–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.03.096.
   Google Scholar
• Brehm, W. C., and I. Silova. 2014. “Hidden Privatization of Public Education in Cambodia: Equity Implications of Private Tutoring.” Journal for Educational Research Online 6 (1): 94–116. https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=8842.
   Google Scholar
• Call-Cummings, M. 2018. “Claiming Power by Producing Knowledge: The Empowering Potential of PAR in the Classroom.” Educational Action Research 26 (3): 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2017.1354772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cammarota, J., and M. Fine. 2008. “Youth Participatory Action Research: A Pedagogy for Transformational Resistance.” In Revolutionizing Education: Youth Participatory Action Research in Motion, edited by J. Cammarota and M. Fine, 1–11. New York, N.Y, Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Catalani, C., and M. Minkler. 2010. “Photovoice: A Review of the Literature in Health and Public Health.” Health Education and Behaviour 37 (3): 424–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198109342084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Checkoway, B. 2011. “What is Youth Participation?” Children and Youth Services Review 33 (2): 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.09.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinese Government. 2021. “Opinions on Further Reducing the Homework Burden and Off-Campus Training Burden of Students in Compulsory Education.” https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-07/24/content_5627132.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, J., and A. Trent. 2006. “Validity in Qualitative Research Revisited.” Qualitative Research 6 (3): 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794106065006.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, B. 2001. “The Social Psychology Limits of Participation.” In Participation: The New Tyranny? edited by B. Cooke and U. Kothari, 102–121. London: Zed.
   Google Scholar
• Fals-Borda, O. 1991. “Some Basic Ingredients.” In Action and Knowledge, edited by O. Fals-Borda and M. A. Rahman, 3–12. New York: Apex Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fals-Borda, O. 1995. “Research for Social Justice: Some North South Convergences.” Plenary Address at the Southern Sociological Society Meeting. http://comm-org.wisc.edu/si/falsborda.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Fals-Borda, O. 2001. “Participatory (Action) Research in Social Theory: Origins and Challenges.” In The Sage Handbook of Action Research: Participatory Inquiry and Practice, edited by P. Reason and H. Bradbury, 27–37. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fine, M. 2008. “An Epilogue of Sorts.” In Revolutionizing Education: Youth Participatory Action Research in Motion, edited by J. Cammarota and M. Fine, 155–184. New York, N.Y, Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. 2005a. Education for Critical Consciousness. New York: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. 2005b. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P., and D. Macedo. 1987. Literacy: reading the word and the world. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. 1984. The Theory of Communicative Action (Vol. 1) Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Boston: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hart, R.A. 1992. “Children’s Participation: From Tokenism to citizenship.” Florence: UNICEF. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/childrens_participation.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Herr, K., and G. L. Anderson. 2005. The Action Research Dissertation: A Guide for Students and Faculty. California: Thousand Oaks.
   Google Scholar
• Heyneman, S. P. 2009. “Education Corruption in International Perspective: An Introduction.” In Buying Your Way into Heaven: The Corruption of Education Systems in Global Perspective, edited by S.P. Heyneman. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Hinton, R. 2008. “Children’s Participation and Good Governance: Limitations of the Theoretical Literature.” International Journal of Children’s Rights 16 (3): 285–300. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181808X311141.
   Google Scholar
• Ireson, J., and K. Rushforth. 2011. “Mapping the Nature and Extent of Private Tutoring at Transaction Points in the English Education System.” Research Papers in Education 26 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671520903191170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jheng, Y-J. 2015. “The Influence of Private Tutoring on Middle-Class students’ Use of In-Class Time in Formal Schools in Taiwan.” International Journal of Educational Development 40 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.11.019.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, G. 2016. “Champions for Social Change: Photovoice Ethics in Practice and ‘False hopes’ for Policy and Social Change.” Global Public Health 11 (5–6): 799–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2016.1170176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klocker, N. 2015. “Participatory Action Research: The Distress of (Not) Making a Difference.” Emotion, Space and Society 17:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2015.06.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kothari, U. 2001. “Power, Knowledge and Social Control in Participatory Development.” In Participation: The New Tyranny? edited by B. Cooke and U. Kothari, 139–142. London: Zed.
   Google Scholar
• Lao, R. 2014. “Analyzing the Thai State Policy on Private Tutoring: The Prevalence on the Market Discourse.” Asia Pacific Journal of Education 34 (4): 476–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2014.960799.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lather, P. 1986. “Research as Praxis.” Harvard Educational Review 56 (3): 257–277. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.56.3.bj2h231877069482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozenski, B. D., Z. A. Casey, and S. K. McManimon. 2013. “Contesting Production: Youth Participatory Action Research in the Struggle to Produce Knowledge.” Cultural Logic: Marxist Theory & Practice 80–95. https://doi.org/10.14288/clogic.v20i0.190893.
   Google Scholar
• Manzo, L. C., and N. Brightbill. 2007. “Toward a Participatory Ethics.” In Participatory Action Research Approaches and Methods: Connecting People, Participation and Place, edited by S. Kindon, R. Pain, and M. Kesby, 33–40. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre, A. 2000. “Constructing Meaning About Violence, School, and Community: Participatory Action Research with Urban Youth.” The Urban Review 32 (2): 123–154. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005181731698.
   Google Scholar
• Mori, I., and D. Baker. 2010. “The Origin of Universal Shadow Education: What the Supplemental Education Phenomenon Tells Us About the Postmodern Institution of Education.” Asia Pacific Education Review 11 (1): 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-009-9057-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrell, E. 2008. “Six Summers of YPAR.” In Revolutionizing Education: Youth Participatory Action Research in Motion, edited by J. Cammarota and M. Fine, 155–184. New York, N.Y, Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mounier, A., and P. Tangchuang. 2018. “Quality Issues of Education in Thailand.” In Education in Thailand. Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects, edited by G. Fry, 477–499. Vol. 42. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7857-6_19.
   Google Scholar
• Ozer, E. J., M. L. Ritterman, and M. G. Wanis. 2010. “Participatory Action Research (PAR) in Middle School: Opportunities, Constraints, and Key Processes.” American Journal of Community Psychology 46 (1–2): 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-010-9335-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palibroda, B., B. Krieg, L. Murdock, and J. Havelock. 2009. “A Practical Guide to Photovoice: Sharing Pictures, Telling Stories and Changing Communities [Online].” Manitoba: The Prairie Women’s Health Centre of Excellence. http://www.pwhce.ca/photovoice/pdf/Photovoice_Manual.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Park, H., C. Buchmann, J. Choi, and J. J. Merry. 2016. “Learning Beyond the School Walls: Trends and Implications.” Annual Review of Sociology 42 (1): 231–52. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry-Hazan, L. 2016. “Children’s participation in national policymaking: “You’re so adorable, adorable, adorable! I’m speechless; so much fun!” Children and Youth Services Review 67:105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, M. L. 1991. “Arts of the Contact Zone.” Profession 33–40. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25595469?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. A., and O. Fals-Borda. 1991. “A Self-Review of PAR.” In Action and Knowledge, edited by O. Fals-Borda and M.A. Rahman, 24–34. New York: Apex Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, L. F., and T. M. Brown. 2009. “From Voice to Agency: Guiding Principles for Participatory Action Research with Youth.” New Directions for Youth Development 2009 (123): 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.312.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ronzi, S., L. Pope, D. Orton, and N. G. Bruce. 2016. “Using Photovoice Methods to Explore Older People’s Perceptions of Respect and Social Inclusion in Cities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions.” SSM - Population Health 2:732–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saengboon, S. 2019. “Shadow Education in Thailand: A Case Study of Thai English Tutors’ Perspectives Towards the Roles of Private Supplementary Tutoring in Improving English Language Skills.” Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal 12 (1): 38–54. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1225683.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Scorza, D., M. Bertrand, M. A. Bautista, E. Morrell, and C. Matthews. 2017. “The Dual Pedagogy of YPAR: Teaching Students and Students as Teachers.” Review of Education, Pedagogy, & Cultural Studies 39 (2): 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714413.2017.1296279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamrova, D. P., and C. E. Cummings. 2017. “Participatory Action Research (PAR) with Children and Youth: An Integrative Review of Methodology and PAR Outcomes for Participants, Organizations, and Communities.” Children & Youth Services Review 81 (C): 400–412. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740917302086.
   Google Scholar
• Shier, H., M. H. Méndez, M. Centeno, I. Arróliga, and M. González. 2014. “How Children and Young People Influence Policy-Makers: Lessons from Nicaragua.” Children & Society 28 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2012.00443.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souto-Manning, M. 2010. Freire, Teaching, and Learning: Cultural Circles Across Contexts. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Sutton-Brown, C. A. 2014. “Photovoice: A Methodological Guide.” Photography & Culture 7 (2): 169–185. https://doi.org/10.2752/175145214X13999922103165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, C. 2017. “Private Supplementary Tutoring and Parentocracy in Singapore.” Interchange 48:315–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-017-9303-4.
   Google Scholar
• Tanjasiri, S. P., R. Lew, D. G. Kuratani, M. Wong, and L. Fu. 2011. “Using Photovoice to Assess and Promote Environmental Approaches to Tobacco Control in AAPI Communities.” Health Promotion Practice 12 (5): 654–665. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839910369987.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tansel, A. 2013. Supplementary Education in Turkey: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/S1479-3679%282013%290000022004.
   Google Scholar
• Torre, M. E., M. Fine, N. Alexander, A. B. Billups, Y. Blanding, E. Genao, E. Marboe, T. Salah, and K. Urdang. 2008. “Participatory Action Research in the Contact Zone.” In Revolutionizing Education: Youth Participatory Action Research in Motion, edited by J. Cammarota and M. Fine, 23–44. London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. 1978. “Interaction between learning and development.” Readings on the Development of Children 23 (3): 34–41.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C. 1999. “Photovoice: A Participatory Action Research Strategy Applied to Women’s Health.” Journal of Women’s Health 8 (2): 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1999.8.185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., and M. A. Burris. 1994. “Empowerment Through Photo Novella: Portraits of Participation.” Health Education Quarterly 21 (2): 171–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, C., and M. A. Burris. 1997. “Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and the Use of Participatory Needs Assessment.” Health Education & Behavior 24 (3): 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., M. A. Burris, and X. Y. Ping. 1996. “Chinese Village Women as Visual Anthropologists: A Participatory Approach to Reaching Policy Makers.” Social Science and Medicine 42 (10): 1391–1400. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00287-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. C., J. L. Cash, and L. S. Powers. 2000. “Who Knows the Streets as Well as the Homeless? Promoting Personal and Community Action Through Photovoice.” Health Promotion Practice 1 (1): 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/152483990000100113.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., and M. Bray. 2018. “Equalising Schooling, Unequalising Private Supplementary Tutoring: Access and Tracking Through Shadow Education in China.” Oxford Review of Education 44 (2): 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2017.1389710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar