Post-Communist Transition and the Dilemmas of Young People in Central Asia: A Landscape of Uzbekistan

References

• Aslund, A.2007. “An Economic Survey of the Commonwealth of Independent States.” In Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia, edited by I. Gladman, 7th ed., 1–7.Routledge: London.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, N., and C. Thompson. 2010. “Ideologies of Civic Participation in Central Asia: Liberal Arts in the Post-Soviet Democratic Ethos.” Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 5 (1): 57–71.
   Google Scholar
• Baskakova, M. 2007. Some Aspects of Youth Education, Gender Equality and Employment in Caucasus and Central Asia. Moscow: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Brander, P.M. Lemineur, and E. Keen. “Compass: A Manual on Human Rights Education with Young People.” Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2002. Accessed August 2011. http://eycb.coe.int/compass/en/chapter_5/5_13html.
   Google Scholar
• Branston, J. “As World Marks Literacy Day, What of USSR’s Legacy.” RFE/RL, Eurasia Net, (September 4) 2003. Accessed August, 2011. http://www.EuroasiaNet.ogr/deparments/insight/articles/eav090703a.shtm.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, J. 1956. “Integrated Health Education in the Soviet Union.” Health Education Journal 14: 37–53.
   Google Scholar
• Cava, G., and Z. Ozbil. 2006. Mainstreaming Youth Issues in Europe and Central Asia. The World Bank, Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region, Approach Paper, Rome: Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Central Intelligence Agency. 2009. “CIA World Fact book.” CIA. Accessed August 19, 2012. http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/.
   Google Scholar
• Coles, B. 2000. Joined Up Youth Research, Policy and Practice: An Agenda for Change? Leicester: Youth Work Press.
   Google Scholar
• Committee on the Issues of Science, Education, Culture and Sport (CISECS). January 11, 2013. “Patriotic Youth – reliable Support of the Country.” Available online at Official website of Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan:www.parliament.gov.uz.file:///C:/en/structure/committee/769[accessed on January 9, 2013].
   Google Scholar
• Corless, A. 2010. “Eyewitness: Ania Corless on Uzbekistan.” Index on Censorship 39 (4): 102–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csaba, L. 2009. “From Sovietology to Neo-institutionalism.” Post-Communist Economies 21 (4): 383–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dadabaev, T. 2007. “How Does Transition Work in Central Asia? Coping with Ideological, Economic and Value System Changes in Uzbekistan.” Central Asian Survey 26 (3): 407–428.
   Google Scholar
• Dang, R. 2009. “Vulnerability to Poverty in Select Central Asian Countries.” The European Journal of Comparative Economics 6 (1): 17–50.
   Google Scholar
• Danieli, F. 2011. “Counter-narcotics Policies in Tajikistan and their Impact on State Building.” Central Asian Survey 30 (1): 129–145.
   Google Scholar
• Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (DPU). January23, 2012. “Actual Tasks of Protecting from Information Negatively Influencing on Spiritually-moral, Psychological and Physical Development of Minors.” accessed onJanuary9, 2013. Available online at Official website of Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan: www.parliament.gov.uz.file:///C:/enstructure/fractions/677.
   Google Scholar
• Deyoung, A. 2006. “Problems and Trends in Education in Central Asia since 1990: The Case of General Secondary Education in Kyrgyzstan.” Central Asian Survey 25 (4): 499–514.
   Google Scholar
• Deyoung, A. 2010. “Embracing Globalization: University Experiences Among Youth in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan.” Central Asian Survey 29 (4): 421–434.
   Google Scholar
• Eason, H. 2011. “No Recourse Left: The Impact of Poverty on the Resilience of Women from the Migrant-Sending Countries of Central Asia to HIV/AIDS.” Resilience: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Science and Humanitarianism, 2: 86.
   Google Scholar
• EBRD. 2005. Transition Report Update May 2005. London: EBRD, 73.
   Google Scholar
• Escobar, P. 2005. “A Very Peaceful Jihad.” Index on Censorship 34: 164–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurasia Net. Jan 9, 2013. “Uzbekistan Tries to Keep Culture from Going Pop.” Available online at: http://www.eurasianet.org/[accessedJanuary 13, 2013].
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2006. Report on the Functioning of the Transitional Arrangements Set Out in the 2003 Accession Treaty. Brussels 1 May 2004–30 April 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, K. 2007. “Concepts of Bounded Agency in Education, Work and the Personal Lives of Young Adults.” International Journal of Psychology 42 (2): 85–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fainsod, M. 1951. “The Komsomols – A Study of Youth Under Dictatorship.” The American Political Science Review 45 (1): 18–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fierman, W. 1995. “Problems of Language Law Implementation in Uzbekistan.” Nationalities Papers 23 (3): 573–595.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, C. 2011. “Uzbekistan Weekly Roundup.” Eurasia Net, September 6. Accessed July 25, 2012. www.eurasianet.org/node/64286.
   Google Scholar
• Furlong, A., and F. Cartmel. 1997. Young People and Social Change: Individualisation and Risk in Late Modernity. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women. 2010. Beyond Borders: Exploring Links between Trafficking, Globalisation, and Security. New York: GAATW and International Human Rights Clinic, Centre for Human Rights and Global Justice, New York University School of Law.
   Google Scholar
• Goehring, J., and A. Schnetzer. 2006. Nations in Transit 2005. New York: Freedom House.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstone, J. 2004. “Demography, Environment, and Security.” In The Devil in the Demographics: The Effect of Youth Bulges on Domestic Armed Conflict, 1950–2000, edited byH. Urdal. Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Working Papers Series. Washington, DC: Social Development Department, the World Bank, Paper No. 14/July, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Haarr, R. 2007. “Wife Abuse in Tajikistan.” Feminist Criminology, 2.3: 245–270
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, T. 1996. “Consequences of Unemployment in the Transition from Youth to Adulthood in a Life Course Perspective.” Youth and Society 27 (4): 450–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks, R. 2000. “Emerging Spatial Patterns of the Demographics, Labour Force and FDI in Uzbekistan.” Central Asian Survey 19 (3–4): 348–363.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, D. 2004. “The Role of ‘Marriage Agencies’ in the Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking of Women from the Former Soviet Union.” International Review of Victimology 2: 49–71.
   Google Scholar
• Ibold, H. 2010. “Disjuncture 2.0: Youth, Internet Use and Cultural Identity in Bishkek.” Central Asian Survey 29 (4): 521–535.
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group. 2003a. Central Asia: Islam and State. Asia Report No. 59, Brussels: Osh.
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group. 2003b. Youth in Central Asia: Losing the New Generation. Asia Report No. 66, Brussels:Osh.
   Google Scholar
• Ilkhamov, A. 2001. “Impoverishment of the Masses in the Transition Period: Signs of an Emerging ‘New Poor’ Identity in Uzbekistan.” Central Asian Survey 20 (1): 33–54.
   Google Scholar
• Ilkhamov, A. 2002. “Controllable Democracy in Uzbekistan.” Middle East Research and Information Project 222: 8–10.
   Google Scholar
• International Organisation for Migration. 2011. IOM Central Asia Operational Strategy 2011–2015. Geneva: International Organisation for Migration.
   Google Scholar
• Ivanov, A. 2009. “Tajikistan: the Education System Gets a Failing Grade.” Accessed 21February2012. www.eurasianet.org.
   Google Scholar
• Izhtimoj Fikr (Centre for Public Opinion). 2002. A Social Portrait of Youth in Central Asia from the Standpoint of State and Regional Security. Izhtimoj Fikr: Astana.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, N. 2006. “International Organizations, Security Dichotomies and the Trafficking of Persons and Narcotics in Post-Soviet Central Asia: A Critique of the Securitization Framework.” Security Dialogue 37 (3): 299–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., and C. Wallace. 1992. Youth, Family and Citizenship. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, P. 2000. “Youth as an Artefact of Expertise: Problematizing the Practice of Youth Studies in an Age of Uncertainty.” Journal of Youth Studies 3 (3): 301–315.
   Google Scholar
• Kirmse, B. 2009. “Youth in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Exploring Transition, Globalisation and Youth Culture in the Fergana Valley.” PhD thesis., School of African and Oriental Studies (SOAS), University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Kirmse, B. 2010a. “Bridging the Gap: The Concept of ‘Youth’ and the Study of Central Asia and the Caucasus.” Central Asian Survey 29 (4): 381–387.
   Google Scholar
• Kirmse, B. 2010b. “In the Marketplace for Styles and Identities: Globalisation and Youth Culture in Southern Kyrgyzstan.” Central Asian Survey 29 (4): 389–403.
   Google Scholar
• Kuehnast, K. 2002. “Coming of Age in Central Asia: Dilemma and Challenges Facing Youth and Children.” Demokratizatsiya 8 (2): 186–190.
   Google Scholar
• Light, N. 2011. “Genealogy, History, Nation.” Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity 39 (1): 33–53.
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald, R. 1997. “Dangerous Youth and the Dangerous Class.” In Youth, the ‘Underclass’ and Social Exclusion, edited by R. MacDonald. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Madi, M. 2004. “Drug Trade in Kyrgyzstan: Structure, Implications and Countermeasures.” Central Asian Survey 23 (3–4): 249–273.
   Google Scholar
• Mann, M. 1995. “A Political Theory of Nationalism and Its Excesses.” In Notions of Nationalism, edited by P. Sukumar, 44–64. Budapest: Central European University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marat, E. 2009. Labour Migration in Central Asia: Implications of the Global Economic Crisis. Sweden and Washington, DC:The Silk Road Studies Program, Institute for Security and Development Policy and Central Asia-Caucasus Institute.
   Google Scholar
• McGlinchey, E. 2006. “Regeneration or Degeneration? Youth Mobilization and the Future of Uzbek Politics.” Paper Papered for the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR) Conference, June, 2006, Seattle: Washington.
   Google Scholar
• McGlinchey, E. 2009. “Searching for Kamalot: Political Patronage and Youth Politics in Uzbekistan.” Europe-Asia Studies 61 (7): 1137–1150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merry, E. 2004. “Governance in Central Asia: National in Form, Soviet in Content.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 17 (2): 285–300.
   Google Scholar
• Mertaugh, M. 2004. “Education in Central Asia, With Particular Reference to the Kyrgyz Republic.” In The Challenge of Education in Central Asia, edited by Stephen. P. Heyneman and Alan J. DeYoung, 153–180. Greenwich Connecticut: Information Age.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, M. 2009. “Democratisation Process in Kazakhstan: Gauging the Indicators.” India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 65 (3): 313–327.
   Google Scholar
• Møller, J. 2007. “Wherefore the Liberal State? Post-Soviet Democratic Blues and Lessons from Fiscal Sociology.” East European Politics and Societies 21 (2): 294–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, C. 2005. “Our Man in Uzbekistan.” Index on Censorship 34: 82–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najibullah, F. 2007. “Uzbekistan: Poll Says Youth ‘Satisfied’ Despite Scare Jobs.” RFE/RL, November 26. Accessed November 2011. www.rferl.org/content/article/1079196.Html.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council. 2005. Growing up Global: The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Higgins, N. 2010. Youth Labour Markets in Europe and Central Asia. Germany, Bonn University: Institute for the Study of Labour, Discussion Paper No. 5094.
   Google Scholar
• Omelicheva, M. 2010. “The Ethnic Dimension of Religious Extremism and Terrorism in Central Asia.” International Political Science Review 31 (2): 167–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Open Society Institute-Education Support Program. 2002. Education Development in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: Challenges and Ways Forward. Budapest: Nadorut.
   Google Scholar
• Phelps, S. 1968. “Money-wage Analysis and Labor Market Equilibrium.” Journal of political economy 76 (4): 678–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilkington, H., and R. Johnson. 2003. “Peripheral Youth: Relations of Identity and Power in Global/Local Context.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 6 (3): 259–283.
   Google Scholar
• Radnitz, S. 2006. “Weighing the Political and Economic Motivations for Migration in Post Soviet Space: The Case of Uzbekistan.” Europe-Asia Studies 58 (5): 653–677.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigi, J. 2003. “The Conditions of Post-Soviet Dispossessed Youth and Work in Almaty, Kazakhstan.” Critique of Anthropology 23 (1): 35–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, K. 2009. “Young People’s Education to Work Transitions and the Inter-generational Social Mobility in Post-Soviet Central Asia.” Young 17 (1): 59–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, K. 2010. “Post-Communist Youth: Is There a Central Asian Pattern?” Central Asian Survey 29 (4): 537–549.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, K., A. Teshmatullo, K. Firdavsity, B. Sarateppo, and J. Tholan. 2007. “Planned Transitions from Education into Employment in a Managed Post Communist Market Economy: A case Study of Samarkand.” Journal of Education and Work 20 (5): 437–451.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, J., T. Gurr, E. Kurbanov, S. McHale, and I. Slepenkov. 1993. “Ethno-nationalist and Political Attitudes among Post-Soviet Youth: The Case of Russia and Ukraine.” PS: Political Science and Politics 26 (3): 516–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche, S. 2010. “From Youth Bulge to Conflict: The Case of Tajikistan.” Central Asian Survey 29 (4): 405–419.
   Google Scholar
• Shagdar, B. 2006. “Human capital in Central Asia: trends and challenges in education.” Central Asian Survey 25 (4): 515–532.
   Google Scholar
• Spechler, M. 2007. “Authoritarian Politics and Economic Reform in Uzbekistan: Past, Present and Prospects.” Central Asian Survey 26 (2): 185–202.
   Google Scholar
• Stephan, M. 2010. “Education, Youth and Islam: The Growing Popularity of Private Religious Lessons in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.” Central Asian Survey 29 (4): 469–483.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, D. 2007. “Political Society and Civil Society in Uzbekistan – Never the Twain Shall Meet?” Central Asian Survey 26 (1): 49–64.
   Google Scholar
• Stroehlein, A. 2008. “Uzbekistan: Harvest by Force.” Open Democracy, October 1. Accessed December 2011 http://www.opendemocracy.net//.
   Google Scholar
• Stuart, B. 1959. “Education in the Soviet Union.” NASSP Bulletin 43: 175–192.
   Google Scholar
• Trilling, D. 2009. “From Central Asia and Back.” World Policy Journal 26 (1): 79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trilling, D. 2010. “Soviet-era Registration System Fosters Discontent in Kyrgyzstan.” Accessed May13. www.eurasianet.org.
   Google Scholar
• Tursunkulova, B. 2005. Private Higher Education in Central Asia. International Higher Education, Winter. Boston: Centre for International Higher Education, Boston College. Accessed 29 January, 2011. www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/newsletter/News38/text007.html.
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. Report on the Global Aids Epidemic. United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS, UNAIDS, 2008. Accessed April 13, 2011. www.unaids.org.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. 2001. Tajikistan: Human Development Report 2001-2002: Information and Communication Technology for Development. Dushanbe.
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of State. “Trafficking in Person Report, 2009.” USDS, 2009. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/123357.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Population Fund. 2006. Youth and HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets. UNPF. Accessed July, 2011. http://www.junfpa.org/swp/2005/presskit/factsheets_youth.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Urdal, H. 2004. The Devil in the Demographics: The Effect of Youth Bulges on Domestic Armed Conflict, 1950-2000. Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Working Papers Series. Social Development Department, the World Bank. Paper No. 14/July.
   Google Scholar
• White, A., and L. Ryan. 2008. “Polish ‘Temporary’ Migration: the Formation and Significance of Social Networks.” Europe-Asia Studies 60: 1467–1502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, P. 2007. “Organized Crime in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States.” In Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia, edited by I. Gladman, 7th ed. Routledge: London.
   Google Scholar
• Woodman, D. 2009. “The Mysterious Case of the Pervasive Choice Biography: Ulrich Beck, Structure/Agency, and the Middling State of Theory in the Sociology of Youth.” Journal of Youth Studies 12 (3): 243–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. Uzbekistan: Living Standards Assessment. Vol. II, WB, 2003. Accessed August 2011. http://go.worldbank.org/HQJMQLKW200.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2007a. Young People in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: From Policy to Action. Conference Background Paper, May21–24, Rome, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2007b. World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Zanca, R. 2005. “Believing in God at Your Own Risk: Religion and Terrorisms in Uzbekistan.” Religion, State and Society 33 (1): 71–82.
   Google Scholar
• Ziyaeva, D.“Changing Identities among Uzbek Youth: Transition from Regional to Socio-economic Identities.” Paper Prepared for the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR) Conference On Generational Change and Leadership Succession in Uzbekistan. Seattle: Washington, DC, 2006.
   Google Scholar