Distant networking: The knowledge acquisition strategies of 'out-cluster' biotechnology firms

References

• Allansdottir, A. , Bonaccorsi, A. , Gambardella, A. , Mariani, M. , Orsenigo, L. , Pammolli, F. and Riccaboni, M. (2002) Innovation and Competitiveness in the European Biotechnology Industry, Enterprise Directorate General, European Commission, Brussels
   Google Scholar
• Amin, A. and Cohendet, P. (2003) Geographies of knowledge formation in firms. Paper presented at DRUID Summer Conference 2003 on Creating, Sharing and Transferring Knowledg Copenhagen
   Google Scholar
• Arora, A. and Gambardella, A. (1994) Evaluating technological information and utilizing it. Scientific knowledge; technological capability and external linkages in biotechnology. Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, 24, pp. 91-114.
   Google Scholar
• Arora, A. , Fosfuri, A. and Gambardella, A. (2001) Markets for technology and their implications for corporate strategy. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10, pp. 419-451.
   Google Scholar
• Arundel, A. and Geuna, A. (2001) Does proximity matter for knowledge transfer from public institutes to firms?. SPRU Electronic Paper Series
   Google Scholar
• Audretsch, D. B. and Stephan, P. E. (1996) Company-scientist locational links: The case of biotechnology. American Economic Review, 86, pp. 641-652.
   Google Scholar
• Barbanti, P. , Gambardella, A. and Orsenigo, L. (1999) The evolution of collaborative relationships among firms in biotechnology. International Journal of Biotechnology, 1, pp. 10-29.
   Google Scholar
• Bathelt, H. , Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. (2002) Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation.
   Google Scholar
• Baum, J. A. C. , Calabrese, T. and Silverman, B. S. (2000) Don't go it alone: Alliance network composition and start-ups' performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 2, pp. 267-294.
   Google Scholar
• Breschi, S. and Lissoni, F. (2001) Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: A critical survey. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10, pp. 975-1005.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A. (1990) Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, pp. 128-152.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, P. (2001) Biotechnology clusters in the UK: Lessons from localisation in the commercialisation of science. Small Business Economics, 17, pp. 43-59.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlander, L. and McKelvey, M. (2003) Revisiting frequency and spatial distribution: Innovation collaboration for biotech firms. Paper presented at DRUID Summer Conference 2003 on Creating, Sharing and Transferring Knowledg Copenhagen
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, E. and Lamb, R. (2000) Examining socio-technical networks in scientific academia/industry collaborations. California State University, California State University, Long Beach, CA
   Google Scholar
• Echeverri-Carroll, E. and Brennan, W. (1999) Are innovation networks bounded by local proximity?. Innovation, Networks and Localities, pp. 28-47. Springer Verlag, Berlin
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, M. (1999) The new economics of innovation, spillovers and agglomeration: A review of empirical studies. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 8, pp. 5-25.
   Google Scholar
• Felsenstein, D. (2001) New spatial agglomerations of technological activity—anchors or enclaves? Some evidence from Tel Aviv. Paper presented at the Annual Residential Conference of IGU Commission on the Dynamics of Economic Spaces, Turin Italy
   Google Scholar
• Fontes, M. (2001) Biotechnology entrepreneurs and technology transfer in an intermediate economy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 62, pp. 59-74.
   Google Scholar
• Fontes, M. (2003) Distant networking? The 'out-cluster' strategies of new biotechnology firms. Paper presented at ASEAT Conference on Knowledge and Economic and Social Change: New Challenges to Innovation Studies Manchester
   Google Scholar
• Fontes, M. (2005) The process of transformation of scientific and technological knowledge into economic value as conducted by academic spin-offs. Technovation, 25, pp. 339-347.
   Google Scholar
• Fontes, M. and Coombs, R. (2001) Contribution of new technology-based firms to the strengthening of technological capabilities in intermediate economies. Research Policy, 30, pp. 79-97.
   Google Scholar
• Fontes, M. and Novais, A. Q. (1998) Country specific conditions and the development of scientific and industrial competences in biotechnology: The case of Portugal. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 10, pp. 497-509.
   Google Scholar
• Fontes, M. and Padua, M. (2002) The impact of biotechnology pervasiveness and user heterogeneity on the organisation of public sector research. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 14, pp. 419-441.
   Google Scholar
• Gallaud, D. and Torre, A. (2001) Les reseaux d'innovation sont-ils localises? Proximite et diffusion des connaissances (le cas des PME de l'agbiotec). Paper presented at the third congress on Proximity 'New Growth and Territories' Paris
   Google Scholar
• Lemarie, S. , Mangematin, V. and Torre, A. (2001) Is the creation and development of biotech SMEs localized? Conclusions drawn from the French case. Small Business Economics, 17, pp. 61-76.
   Google Scholar
• Liebeskind, J. P. , Oliver, A. L. , Zucker, L. and Brewer, M. (1996) Social networks, learning and flexibility: Sourcing scientific knowledge in new biotechnology firms. Organization Science, 7, pp. 428-443.
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz, E. (1999) Trust, contract and economic cooperation. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23, pp. 301-315.
   Google Scholar
• McKelvey, M. and Orsenigo, L. (2001) European pharmaceuticals as a sectoral innovation system: Performance and national selection environments. Paper presented at the second EMAEE—European Meeting of Applied Evolutionary Economics
   Google Scholar
• McKelvey, M. , Alm, H. and Riccaboni, M. (2003) Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector. Research Policy, 32, pp. 483-501.
   Google Scholar
• Mangematin, V. , Lemarie, S. , Boissin, J. P. , Catherine, D. , Corolleur, F. , Coronini, R. and Trommetter, M. (2002) Development of SMEs and heterogeneity of trajectories: The case of biotechnology in France. Research Policy, 32, pp. 621-638.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, K. (2004) The exaggerated death of geography: Localised learning, innovation and uneven development. Journal of Economic Geography, 4, pp. 3-21.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, R. and Winter, S. (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Belnak Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
   Google Scholar
• Orlikowski, W. J. (2000) Knowing in practice: Enacting a collective capability in distributed organizing. Organization Science, 13, pp. 249-273.
   Google Scholar
• Orsenigo, L. (1989) The Emergence of Biotechnology. Institutions and Markets in Industrial Innovation, Pinter Publishers, London
   Google Scholar
• Orsenigo, L. (2001) The (failed) development of a biotechnology cluster: The case of lombardy. Small Business Economics, 17, pp. 77-92.
   Google Scholar
• Orsenigo, L. , Pammolli, F. and Riccaboni, M. (2001) Technological change and network dynamics. Lessons from the pharmaceutical industry. Research Policy, 30, pp. 485-508.
   Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith, J. and Powell, W. (2002) Knowledge networks in the Boston biotechnology community. Paper presented at the Conference on Science as an Institution and the Institutions of Scienc Siena
   Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith, J. , Riccaboni, M. , Pammolli, F. and Powell, W. (2002) A comparison of US and European university-industry relations in the life sciences. Management Science, 48, pp. 23-43.
   Google Scholar
• Pisano, G. P. (1991) The governance of innovation: Vertical integration and collaborative arrangements in the biotechnology industry. Research Policy, 20, pp. 237-249.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, W. , Koput, K. W. and Smith-Doerr, L. (1996) Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, pp. 116-145.
   Google Scholar
• Rees, K. (2001) Working Paper. Collaboration, Innovation and Regional Networks: Evidence from the Medical Biotechnology Industry of Greater Vancouver, Department of Geography, University of Wales, Swansea
   Google Scholar
• Reuber, R. and Fischer, E. (1997) The influence of the management team's international experience on the internationalization behaviour of SMEs. Journal of International Business Studies, 28, pp. 807-825.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. (2000) From know-how to show-how? Questioning the role of information and communication technologies in knowledge transfer. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 12, pp. 429-443.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenkopf, L. and Almeida, P. (2003) Overcoming local search through alliances and mobility. Management Science, 49, pp. 751-766.
   Google Scholar
• Sapsed, J. , Gann, D. , Marshall, N. and Salter, A. (2005) From Here to Eternity?: The Practice of Knowledge Transfer in Dispersed and Co-located Project Organizations. European Planning Studies, 13:6, pp. 831-851.
   Google Scholar
• Saxenian, A. and Hsu, J. -Y. (2001) The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu connection: Technical communities and industrial upgrading. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10, pp. 893-920.
   Google Scholar
• Steinmueller, E. (2000) Does information and communication technologies facilitate 'codification' of knowledge?. Industrial and Corporate Change, 9, pp. 361-376.
   Google Scholar
• Stuart, T. and Sorenson, O. (2003) The geography of opportunity: Spatial heterogeneity in founding rates and the performance of biotechnology firms. Research Policy, 32, pp. 229-253.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, J. and Bayma, T. (1996) The virtual college: Computer-mediated communication and scientific work. Information Society, 12, pp. 343-363.
   Google Scholar
• Wolter, K. (2003) Knowledge, industrial organisation and spatial distribution of firms: Some Lessons from the German biotechnology industry. Paper presented at the Regional Studies Association Conference—Reinventing Regions in a Global Economy Pisa
   Google Scholar
• Zucker, L. , Darby, M. and Brewer, M. (1998) Intellectual human capital and the birth of US biotechnology enterprises. American Economic Revue, 88, pp. 290-306.
   Google Scholar