Life Sciences in the Netherlands: Weakness in a Strong National Policy

References

• Audretsch , D. 2001 . The role of small firms in U.S. biotechnology clusters . Small Business Economics , 17 ( 12 ) : 3 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Bagchi-Sen , S. , Lawton Smith , H. and Hall , L. 2004 . The US biotechnology industry: Industry dynamics and policy . Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy , 22 ( 2 ) : 199 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Barney , J. B. 1991 . Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage , Englewood Cliff, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• BioPartner . 2001 . The Emerging Dutch Life Science Sector , Ede : Biopartner .
   Google Scholar
• BioPartner . 2002 . The Netherlands Life Sciences Sector Report 2002, Gaining Momentum , Ede : BioPartner .
   Google Scholar
• BioPartner . 2003 . The Netherlands Life Sciences Sector Report 2003, Growth Against the Tide , Ede : BioPartner .
   Google Scholar
• BioPartner . 2004 . The Netherlands Life Sciences Sector Report 2004, Moving Forward , Ede : BioPartner .
   Google Scholar
• BioPartner . 2005 . The Netherlands Life Sciences Sector Report 2005, New Challenges Ahead , Ede : BioPartner .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. 2001 . Biotechnology clusters in the UK: lessons from localisation in the commercialisation of science . Small Business Economics , 17 ( 1/2 ) : 43 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. 2002 . Knowledge Economies—Clusters, Learning and Cooperative Advantage , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. 2004a . The molecular biology revolution and the rise of bioscience megacentres in North America and Europe . Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy , 22 ( 2 ) : 161 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. 2004b . Life sciences clusters and regional science policy . Urban Studies , 41 ( 5/6 ) : 1133 – 1131 .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) . 2005 . Comparative Statistics for the UK, European and US Biotechnology Sectors: Analysis Year 2003 , London : DTI . Report prepared by Critical I Limited for the DTI
   Google Scholar
• Economic Institute of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (EIM) . 2006 . International Benchmark 2005; Benchmark on entrepreneurship, firm dynamics and quickly growing companies , Zoetermeer : EIM .
   Google Scholar
• Eickelpasch , A. and Fritsch , M. 2005 . Contests for cooperation—a new approach in German innovation policy . Research Policy , 34 ( 8 ) : 1269 – 1282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enzing , C. , Kern , S. and Giessen , A. van der . 2005 . The Dutch Biopharmaceutical and Food Biotechnology Innovation System , Paris : OECD . Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Proceedings, the Biopharmaceutical Innovation System in Eight OECD Countries
   Google Scholar
• Ernst & Young . 2005 . Beyond Borders. Global Biotechnology Report 2005 , Amsterdam : Ernst & Young .
   Google Scholar
• Ernst & Young . 2006 . Beyond Borders. Global Biotechnology Report 2006 , Amsterdam : Ernst & Young .
   Google Scholar
• EuropaBio (The European Association for Bioindustries) . 2006 . Biotech in Europe, 2006 Comparative Study , Brussels : EuropaBio . Critical I Comparative Study for EuropaBio
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (EC) . 2002 . Life Sciences and Biotechnology. A Strategy for Europe , Luxembourg : European Communities . COM (2002) 27
   Google Scholar
• Fontes , M. 2005 . Distant networking: The knowledge acquisition strategy of out-cluster biotechnology firms . European Planning Studies , 13 ( 6 ) : 899 – 920 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geenhuizen , M. van . 1998 . “ Knowledge co-operation in the Dutch pharmaceutical industry: Do regions matter? ” . In New Technology-based Firms in the 1990s Volume IV , Edited by: During , W. and Oakey , R. 167 – 180 . London : Chapman .
   Google Scholar
• Geenhuizen , M. van . 2003 . How can we reap the fruits of academic research in biotechnology? In search of critical success factors in policies for new-firm formation . Environment and Planning C , 21 ( 1 ) : 139 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Geenhuizen , M. van . 2008 . Knowledge networks of young innovators in the urban economy . Entrepreneurship and Regional Development , 20 ( 2 ) : 161 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geenhuizen , M. van and van der Knaap , B. 1997 . Dynamics of R&D and regional networks in the Dutch pharmaceutical industry . Journal of Social and Economic Geography , 88 ( 4 ) : 307 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Geenhuizen , M. van and Reyes-Gonzalez , L. 2007 . Do clusters improve performance in biotechnology? A look at the biotechnology industry in the Netherlands . Technological Forecasting and Social Change , 74 ( 9 ) : 1681 – 1696 .
   Google Scholar
• Lawton-Smith , H. 2004 . The biotechnology industry in Oxfordshire: Enterprise and innovations . European Planning Studies , 12 ( 7 ) : 986 – 1001 .
   Google Scholar
• Mangematin , V. , Lemarié , S. , Boissin , J. P. , Catherine , D. , Corolleur , F. , Coronini , R. and Trommetter , M. 2003 . Development of SMEs and heterogeneity of trajectories: The case of biotechnology in France . Research Policy , 32 ( 4 ) : 621 – 638 .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 1999 . “ Letter of the Minister of Economic Affairs to the parliament concerning an action plan for new firms in the life sciences ” . The Hague : MEA . (in Dutch)
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 2000 . Action Plan Life Sciences 2000–2004 , The Hague : MEA .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 2003 . Life Sciences. A Pillar of the Dutch Knowledge Economy , The Hague : MEA .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 2004 . TechnoPartner Action Program. From Knowledge to Prosperity , The Hague : MEA .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 2005a . End Evaluation BioPartner Program , The Hague : MEA . (in Dutch)
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 2005b . Peaks in the Delta , The Hague : MEA . (in Dutch)
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 2006 . Life Sciences Monitor , The Hague : MEA .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) . 2008 . “ Leaflet Life-Science and Health, Capitalizing on Knowledge ” . The Hague : MEA .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) & Economic Institute of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (EIM) . 2001 . Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands. New Economy: New Entrepreneurs! , The Hague/Zoetermeer : MEA-EIM .
   Google Scholar
• Nightingale , P. and Martin , P. 2004 . The myth of the biotech revolution . TRENDS in Biotechnology , 22 ( 11 ) : 564 – 569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niosi , J. and Banik , M. 2005 . The evolution and performance of biotechnology regional systems of innovation . Cambridge Journal of Economics , 29 ( 3 ) : 343 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North , D. C. 1990 . Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) . 1989 . Biotechnology, Economic and Wider Impacts , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) . 2006 . OECD Biotechnology Statistics—2006 , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , W. W. 1998 . Learning from collaboration. Knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries . California Management Review , 40 ( 3 ) : 228 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , W. W. , Koput , K. W. , Bowie , J. I. and Smith-Doehrr , L. 2002 . The spatial clustering of science and capital: accounting for the biotech firm-venture capital relationships . Regional Studies , 36 ( 3 ) : 299 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Rees , K. 2005 . Interregional collaboration and innovation in Vancouver's emerging high-tech cluster . Journal of Economic and Social Geography , 96 ( 3 ) : 298 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salman , N. and Saives , A.-L. 2005 . Indirect networks: an intangible resource for biotechnology innovation . R&D Management , 35 ( 20 ) : 203 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Senker , J. and Sharp , M. 1997 . Organisational learning in cooperative alliances: Some case studies in biotechnology . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management , 9 ( 1 ) : 35 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senker , J. and Zwanenberg , P. van . 2001 . European Biotechnology Innovation Systems , Brighton : SPRU . Final Report, TSER Project nr. SOE1-CT98-1117
   Google Scholar
• Storper , M. 1997 . The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy , New York : Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• VIB (Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology) . 2006 . Annual Report 2006 , Ghent : VIB .
   Google Scholar
• Walsh , V. 1993 . Demand, public markets and innovation in biotechnology . Science and Public Policy , 20 ( 3 ) : 138 – 156 .
   Google Scholar