266
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Why Every Cluster Cannot be a Successful Community?

Pages 1445-1468 | Received 01 Apr 2008, Accepted 01 Apr 2009, Published online: 25 Aug 2010

References

  • Aldrich , H. 1999 . Organizations Evolving , London : Sage .
  • Anon . 2000 . Spotlight on the Irish scientific community . Nature , (booklet)
  • Astley , W. 1985 . The two ecologies: Population and community perspectives on organizational evolution . Administrative Science Quarterly , 30 : 224 – 231 .
  • Balzat , M. and Hanusch , H. 2004 . Recent trends in the research on national innovation systems . Journal of Evolutionary Economics , 14 ( 1–2 ) : 197 – 210 .
  • Bechky , B. 2003 . Sharing meaning across occupational communities: The transformation of understanding on a production floor . Organization Science , 14 ( 3 ) : 312 – 330 .
  • Berger , P. and Luckmann , T. 1966 . The Social Construction of Reality , New York, NY : Doubleday .
  • BioApproaches . 2006 . Bio-Business Success in South West England , Available at http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:75ZzAkc_8uoJ:www.bioapproaches.co.uk/library/documents/AstraZeneca5thMay2006.pdf+bioApproaches+Bio-Business+Success+in+South+West+England&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShlYS8l71FiJ-YPRu2Krm8ruR-NOePp7ATNvT_tutAH8dGLP2M7nWb1CvaJdEYCCdziKtompBkXACLQeASFLAut4mOyWpsUCIA2mXcdnlwsDUNgmX8VQ3nAA4R-Sf8vHTRY0_lX&sig=AHIEtbQ4UgebYamxMlVNDDoPODNuOfvfVw (accessed 30 June 2009)
  • BioApproaches . 2007 . The Life Sciences and Biotechnology Sector Economy and Support , Available at http://www.bioapproaches.co.uk/pdf/BioApproaches_12pp_Report_250107.pdf (accessed 30 June 2009)
  • Blumer , H. 1969 . Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Brown , J. and Duguid , P. 1991 . Organizational learning and communities of practice: Towards a unified view of working, learning and innovation . Organization Science , 2 ( 1 ) : 40 – 57 .
  • Brown , J. and Duguid , P. 2001 . Knowledge and organization: A social-practice perspective . Organization Science , 12 ( 1 ) : 198 – 213 .
  • Casper , S. 2000 . Institutional adaptiveness, technology policy, and the diffusion of new business models: The case of German biotechnology . Organization Studies , 21 ( 5 ) : 887 – 914 .
  • Commission of the European Communities . 2002 . Observatory of European SMEs 2002/No. 3: Regional Clusters in Europe , Brussels : CEC . Available at http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/innovation/pdf/library/regional_clusters.pdf (accessed 10 April 2003)
  • Commission of the European Communities . 2004 . Facing the Challenge , Brussels : CEC . Available at http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in-research/pdf/download_en/concl_international.pdf (accessed 20 December 2006)
  • Contu , A. and Willmott , H. 2003 . Re-embedding situatedness: The importance of power relations in learning theory . Organization Science , 14 ( 3 ) : 283 – 296 .
  • Cooke , P. 1997 . Regions in a global market: The experiences of Wales and Baden-Württemberg . Review of International Political Economy , 4 ( 2 ) : 349 – 381 .
  • Cooke , P. 2001a . Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy . Industrial and Corporate Change , 10 ( 4 ) : 945 – 974 .
  • Cooke , P. 2001b . Biotechnology clusters in the UK: Lessons from localisation in the commercialization of science . Small Business Economics , 17 ( 1–2 ) : 43 – 59 .
  • Cooke , P. 2004 . Globalisation of Biosciences: Knowledge Capabilities and Economic Geography , Cardiff : Cardiff University Centre for Advanced Studies .
  • Cox , W. 2000 . Report of the Inter-departmental Group on Modern Biotechnology Dublin
  • DiMaggio , P. and Powell , W. 1991 . “ The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality ” . In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis , Edited by: Powell , W. and DiMaggio , P. 41 – 62 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Easterby-Smith , M. , Snell , R. and Gherardi , S. 1998 . Organizational learning: Diverging communities of practice? . Management Learning , 29 ( 3 ) : 259 – 272 .
  • Enterprise Ireland . 2000 . Seed and Venture Capital Measure of the Operational Program Dublin
  • Enterprise Ireland . 2002 . R&D Solutions for Irish Industry Dublin
  • European Commission . 2005 . Europeans and Biotechnology in 2005: Patterns and Trends , Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/biotechnology/pdf/eu_policy_biotechnology.pdf (accessed 20 December 2006)
  • European Commission . 2006 . EU Policy on Biotechnology , Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/biotechnology/pdf/eu_policy_biotechnology.pdf (accessed 20 December 2006)
  • European Commission . 2007 . Consequences, Opportunities and Challenges of Modern Biotechnology for Europe , Available at http://bookshop.europa.eu (accessed 2 July 2009)
  • European Communities . 2007 . Biotechnology—A Key Tool in Building an Innovative and Sustainable European Knowledge-based Bio-economy , Available at http://bookshop.europa.eu/eGetRecords
  • Feldman , M. 2001 . Where science comes to life: University bioscience, commercial spin-offs, and regional economic development . Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice , 2 ( 4 ) : 345 – 361 .
  • Félix , B. 2007 . Biotechnology in Europe: Patents and R&D Investments , Available at http://www.naider.com/upload/KS-SF-07-100-EN.pdf (accessed 2 July 2009)
  • Fiol , C. 1996 . Squeezing harder doesn't always work: Continuing the search for consistency in innovation research . Academy of Management Review , 21 ( 4 ) : 1012 – 1021 .
  • Forfás . 2002 . ICSTI Report on Biotechnology Dublin
  • Fromhold-Eisebith , M. 2007 . Bridging scales in innovation policies: How to link regional, national and international innovation systems . European Planning Studies , 15 ( 2 ) : 217
  • Gherardi , S. , Nicolini , D. and Odella , F. 1998 . Toward a social understanding of how people learn in organizations . Management Learning , 29 ( 3 ) : 273 – 297 .
  • Gilbert , M. 1989 . On Social Facts , London : Routledge .
  • Gittelman , M. and Kogut , B. 2003 . Does good science lead to valuable knowledge? Biotechnology firms and the evolutionary logic of citation patterns . Management Science , 49 ( 4 ) : 366 – 382 .
  • Goffman , E. 1959 . The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , New York, NY : Doubleday .
  • Gray , B. 1989 . Collaborating: Finding Commonground for Multiparty Problems , San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Greenwood , R. and Hinings , C. 1996 . Understanding radical change: Bringing together the old and new institutionalism . Academy of Management Review , 21 ( 4 ) : 1022 – 1054 .
  • Håkansson , L. 2005 . Epistemic communities and cluster dynamics: On the role of knowledge in industrial districts . Industry and Innovation , 12 ( 4 ) : 433 – 463 .
  • Hussler , C. and Rondé , P. 2007 . The impact of cognitive communities on the diffusion of academic knowledge: Evidence from the networks of inventors of a French university . Research Policy , 36 ( 2 ) : 288 – 301 .
  • ICSTI . 1999 . Technology Foresight Ireland: Health and Life Sciences Dublin
  • Judge , W. , Fryxell , G. and Dooley , R. 1997 . The new task of R&D management: Creating goal-directed communities for innovation . California Management Review , 39 ( 3 ) : 72 – 85 .
  • Kasabov , E. 2007 . Incompatible logics of competing stakeholders in biotechnology clusters, in . 4th International Conference on SMEs , Athens, Greece, 6–9 August
  • Kasabov , E. 2008 . The challenge of devising public policy for high-tech, science- and knowledge-based communities: Evidence from a life science and biotechnology community . Environment and Planning: C , 26 ( 1 ) : 210 – 228 .
  • Kasabov , E. and Delbridge , R. 2006 . Biotech Clusters in the UK: Challenges and Opportunities , London : AIM .
  • Kasabov , E. and Delbridge , R. 2008 . Innovation, embeddedness, and policy: Evidence from life sciences in three UK regions . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management , 20 ( 2 ) : 185 – 210 .
  • Kitanovic , J. 2007 . The applicability of the concept of national innovation systems to transition economies . Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice , 9 ( 1 ) : 28 – 35 .
  • Lagendijk , A. 2006 . Learning from conceptual flow in regional studies: Framing present debates, unbracketing past debates . Regional Studies , 40 ( 4 ) : 385
  • Lagendijk , A. and Lorentzen , A. 2007 . Proximity, knowledge and innovation in peripheral regions. On the intersection between geographical and organizational proximity . European Planning Studies , 15 ( 4 ) : 457 – 466 .
  • Lave , J. and Wenger , E. 1991 . Situated Learning , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
  • Lewis , D. 1969 . Convention: A Philosophical Study , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Liedtka , J. 1999 . Linking competitive advantage with communities of practice . Journal of Management Inquiry , 8 ( 1 ) : 5 – 16 .
  • Lissoni , F. 2001 . Knowledge codification and the geography of innovation: The case of Brescia mechanical cluster . Research Policy , 30 ( 9 ) : 1479 – 1500 .
  • Lorenzen , M. 1998 . Specialization and Localized Learning: Six Studies on the European Furniture Industry , Copenhagen : CBS Press .
  • Lorenzen , M. 2005 . Knowledge and geography . Industry and Innovation , 12 ( 4 ) : 399 – 407 .
  • Lovering , J. 2001 . The coming regional crisis (and how to avoid it) . Regional Studies , 35 ( 4 ) : 349
  • Lovering , J. 2007 . The relationship between urban regeneration and neoliberalism: Two presumptuous theories and a research agenda . International Planning Studies , 12 ( 1 ) : 343
  • Lundvall , B.-Å. 2007 . National innovation systems—Analytical concept and development tool . Industry and Innovation , 14 ( 1 ) : 95 – 119 .
  • MacLeod , G. 2001 . New regionalism reconsidered: Globalization and the remaking of political economic space . Progress in Human Geography , 25 ( 4 ) : 804 – 829 .
  • MacLeod , G. and Goodwin , M. 1999 . Space, scale and state strategy: Rethinking urban and regional governance . Progress in Human Geography , 23 ( 4 ) : 503 – 527 .
  • MacLeod , G. and Jones , M. 2001 . Renewing the geography of regions . Environment and Planning D , 19 ( 6 ) : 669 – 695 .
  • MacLeod , G. and Martin , J. 2007 . Territorial, scalar, networked, connected: In what sense a “regional world”? . Regional Studies , 41 ( 9 ) : 1177
  • Martin , P. 1999 . Inventory and Analysis of Biotech Programmes and Related Activities in all Countries Participating in the Biotechnology Program 1994–1998: The National Report of Ireland , Dublin
  • Meyer , J. and Rowan , B. 1977 . Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony . American Journal of Sociology , 83 ( 2 ) : 340 – 363 .
  • Oliver , J. and Porta , J. 2006 . How to measure IC in clusters: Empirical evidence . Journal of Intellectual Capital , 7 ( 3 ) : 354 – 380 .
  • Orr , J. 1996 . Talking about machines: An ethnography of a Modern Job , Ithaca, NY : IRL Press .
  • Phillips , M. 1996 . “ Industry mindsets: Exploring the cultures of two macro-organizational settings ” . In Cognition Within and Between Organizations , Edited by: Meindl , J. , Stubbart , C. and Porac , J. 475 – 507 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Porac , J. , Thomas , H. and Baden-Fuller , C. 1989 . Competitive groups as cognitive communities: The case of Scottish knitwear manufacturers . Journal of Management Studies , 26 ( 4 ) : 397 – 416 .
  • Porac , J. , Thomas , H. and Emme , B. 1987 . “ Knowing the competition: Mental models of retailing strategies ” . In Business Strategy and Retailing , Edited by: Johnson , G. 59 – 79 . New York, NY : John Wiley .
  • Porter , M. 1990 . The Competitive Advantage of Nations , London : Macmillan .
  • Porter , M. 1998 . Clusters and the new economics of competition . Harvard Business Review , 76 ( 6 ) : 77 – 90 .
  • Porter , M. 2001 . Clusters of Innovation: Regional Foundations of US Competitiveness , Washington, DC : Council on Competitiveness .
  • Reger , R. and Huff , A. 1993 . Strategic groups: A cognitive perspective . Strategic Management Journal , 14 ( 2 ) : 103 – 124 .
  • Romanelli , E. and Khesina , O. 2005 . Regional industrial identity: Cluster configurations and economic development . Organization Science , 16 ( 4 ) : 344 – 358 .
  • Rumelt , R. 1979 . “ Evaluation of strategy: Theory and models ” . In Strategic Management , Edited by: Scendel , D. and Hofer , C. 196 – 217 . Boston, MA : Little Brown .
  • Sainsbury , D. 1999 . Biotechnology Clusters: Report of a Team Led by Lord Sainsbury, Minister for Science , London : Department of Trade and Industry .
  • Scott , W. 1991 . “ Unpacking institutional arguments ” . In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis , Edited by: Powell , W. and DiMaggio , P. 164 – 182 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Scott , W. 1995 . Institutions and Organizations , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Scottish Enterprise . 2006a . Life Science: 2006 Insider Special Report , Available at http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/sedotcom_home/sig/life-sciences/lifesciences-publications.htm (30 June 2009)
  • Scottish Enterprise . 2006b . Bio Device Scotland , Available at http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/sedotcom_home/sig/life-sciences/lifesciences-publications.htm (30 June 2009)
  • Scottish Enterprise . 2007a . Scottish Life Sciences Annual Review 2007 , Available at http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/sedotcom_home/sig/life-sciences/lifesciences-publications.htm (30 June 2009)
  • Scottish Enterprise . 2007b . Scottish Life Sciences Funding and Support Guide 2007–2008 , Available at http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/sedotcom_home/sig/life-sciences/lifesciences-publications.htm (30 June 2009)
  • Senge , P. 1990 . The Fifth Discipline , New York, NY : Doubleday .
  • Spender , J.-C. 1989 . Industry Recipes: An Enquiry into the Nature and Sources of Managerial Judgement , Cambridge, MA : Basil Blackwell .
  • Swan , J. , Scarbrough , H. and Robertson , M. 2002 . The construction of “communities of practice” in the management of innovation . Management Learning , 33 ( 4 ) : 477 – 496 .
  • Thomas , H. and Carroll , C. 1994 . “ Theoretical and empirical links between strategic groups, cognitive communities, and networks of interacting firms ” . In Strategic Groups, Strategic Moves, and Performance , Edited by: Daems , H. and Thomas , H. 7 – 30 . New York, NY : Elsevier .
  • Torre , A. and Gilly , J. 2000 . On the analytical dimension of proximity dynamics . Regional Studies , 34 ( 2 ) : 169 – 180 .
  • Torre , A. and Rallet , A. 2005 . Proximity and localization . Regional Studies , 39 ( 1 ) : 47 – 59 .
  • Tsoukas , H. 2002 . Introduction: Knowledge-based perspectives on organizations: Situated knowledge, novelty, and communities of practice . Management Learning , 33 ( 4 ) : 419 – 426 .
  • Unger , B. 2000 . Innovation systems and innovative performance . Organization Studies , 21 ( 5 ) : 941 – 969 .
  • Wade , J. 1996 . A community level analysis of sources and rates of technological variation in the microprocessor market . Academy of Management Journal , 39 ( 5 ) : 1218 – 1244 .
  • Warren , R. 1996 . Business as a community of purpose . Business Ethics: A European Review , 5 ( 2 ) : 87 – 96 .
  • Wenger , E. 1998 . Communities of Practice, Learning, Meaning and Identity , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Wenger , E. and Snyder , W. 2000 . Communities of practice: The organizational frontier . Harvard Business Review , : 139 – 145 .
  • Zechendorf, B. (2004) Biotechnology policy in European countries: An assessment, Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 10(4), pp. 340–351.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.