Understanding Spatial Differentiation in Urban Decline Levels

References

• Aring, J., & Herfert, G. (2001) Neue Muster der Wohnsuburbanisierung. in: K. Brake & J. S. Dangschat (Eds), Suburbanisierung in Deutschland. Aktuelle Tendenzen, pp. 43–56. (Opladen: Leske + Budrich).
   Google Scholar
• Arts, W., & Gelissen, J. (2002) Three worlds of welfare capitalism or more? A state-of-the-art report. Journal of European Social Policy, 12(2), pp. 137–158. doi: 10.1177/0952872002012002114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audirac, Y. (2007) Urban shrinkage amid fast metropolitan growth (Two faces of contemporary urbanism). Paper presented to The Future of Shrinking Cities: Problems, Patterns and Strategies of Urban Transformation in a Global Context, International House, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 8–9 February.
   Google Scholar
• Beauregard, R. A. (1993) Representing urban decline. Postwar cities as narrative objects. Urban Affairs Review, 29(2), pp. 187–202. doi: 10.1177/004208169302900201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernt, M. (2009) Partnerships for demolition: The governance of urban renewal in East Germany's shrinking cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33(3), pp. 754–769. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00856.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, P. C. (2011) , The Governance of Urban Shrinkage in Genoa. Research report. SHRINK SMART, The Governance of Shrinkage within a European Context. Available at http://www.shrinksmart.ufz.de/data/D10_Genoa_final15844.pdf (accessed 22 December 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Bogumil, J., & Holtkamp, L. (2002) Liberalisierung und Privatisierung kommunaler Aufgaben—Auswirkungen auf das kommunale Entscheidungssystem. in: J. Libbe, S. Tomerius & J. H. Trapp (Eds) Liberalisierung und Privatisierung kommunaler Aufgabenerfüllung, pp. 71–91. (Berlin: DIFU).
   Google Scholar
• Bonoli, G. (1997) Classifying welfare states: A two-dimension approach. Journal of Social Policy, 26(3), pp. 351–372. doi: 10.1017/S0047279497005059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bontje, M., & Musterd, S. (2008) The multi-layered city: The value of old urban profiles. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 99(2), pp. 248–255. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2008.00457.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury, K. L., Downs, A., & Small, K. A. (1982) Urban Decline and the Future of American Cities, (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution).
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, N. (2004) New State Spaces. Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood, (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• CBS Statline (2012) Immi- en emigratie naar diverse kenmerken; regio, (The Hague/Heerlen: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek).
   Google Scholar
• Cheshire, P. C., & Hay, D. G. (1989) Urban Problems in Western Europe: An Economic Analysis, (London: Unwin Hyman).
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, D., & Rowthorn, R. (2011) Who's afraid of population decline? A critical examination of its consequences. Population and Development Review, 37(suppl. 1), pp. 217–248. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00385.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham-Sabot, E. & Fol, S. (2007) Schrumpfende Städte in Westeuropa: Fallstudien aus Frankreich und Großbritannien. Berliner Debatte Initial, 18(1), pp. 22–35.
   Google Scholar
• Danielzyk, R., Mielke, B., & Zimmer-Hegmann, R. (2002) Demographische Entwicklung—Schrumpfende Stadt. Bericht für die Sitzung des ILS-Beirates am 13. Februar 2002, (Dortmund: Institut für Landes- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen).
   Google Scholar
• De Maesschalck, F. (2009) Beyond the Anglo-Saxon experience: City-suburban political polarization in Brussels, Belgium. Espace Populations Societies, 2, pp. 2–22.
   Google Scholar
• DiGaetano, A., & Lawless, P. (1999) Urban governance and industrial decline: Governing structures and policy agendas in Birmingham and Sheffield, England, and Detroit, Michigan, 1980–1997. Urban Affairs Review, 34(4), pp. 546–577. doi: 10.1177/10780879922184077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiGaetano, A., & Strom, E. (2003) Comparative urban governance: An integrated approach. Urban Affairs Review, 38(3), pp. 356–395. doi: 10.1177/1078087402238806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, (Oxford: Polity Press).
   Google Scholar
• ESPON (2010) DEMIFER Demographic and Migratory Flows Affecting European Regions and Cities, (Luxembourg: ESPON).
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2006) , Enlargement Two Years After: An Economic Evaluation, European Economy. Occasional Paper No. 24 (Brussels: European Commission)
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2007) The State of European Cities Report, (Brussels: European Commission).
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat (2012) , Database Lemma: Fertility Rates by Age—NUTS Level 2 Regions [reg_frate2], and Population at 1st January by Sex and Age from 1990 Onwards (demo_r_d2jan). Available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/regional_statistics/data/database (accessed 13 June 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Ferrera, M. (1996) The “southern” model of welfare state in social Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 6(1), pp. 17–37. doi: 10.1177/095892879600600102
   Google Scholar
• Flöthmann, E.-J. (2003) Migration—eine Hauptdeterminante ost- und westdeutscher Bevölkerungsentwicklungen. in: G. Hutter, I. Iwanov & B. Müller (Eds) Demografische Wandel und Strategien des Bestandsentwicklung in Städten und Regionen. IÖR-Schriften Band 41, pp. 31–52. (Dresden: Leibniz-Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung).
   Google Scholar
• Frejka, T., & Westoff, C. F. (2008) Religion, religiousness and fertility in the US and in Europe. European Journal of Population, 24(1), pp. 5–31. doi: 10.1007/s10680-007-9121-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey, W. H. (2005) Metropolitan magnets for international and domestic migrants. in: B. Katz & R. E. Lang (Eds) Redefining Urban and Suburban America: Evidence from Census 2000, pp. 13–40. (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution).
   Google Scholar
• Frey, W. H., Liaw, K.-L. (1998) The impact of recent immigration on population redistribution within the United States. in: J. P. Smith, & B. Edmonston (Eds) The Immigration Debate: Studies of Economic, Demographic and Fiscal Effects of Immigration, pp. 388–448. (Washington, DC: National Academy Press).
   Google Scholar
• Friedrichs, J. (1993) A theory of urban decline: Economy, demography and political elites. Urban Studies, 30(6), pp. 907–917. doi: 10.1080/00420989320080851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galster, G. (2012) Driving Detroit. The Quest for Respect in Motor City, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press).
   Google Scholar
• Großmann, K., Haase, H., Rink, D., Steinführer, A. (2008) Urban shrinkage in East Central Europe? Benefits and limits of a cross-national transfer of research approaches. in: M. Nowak, & M. Nowosielski (Eds) Declining Cities/Developing Cities: Polish and German Perspectives, pp. 79–98. (Poznań: Instytut Zachodni).
   Google Scholar
• Hall, P. (1993) Forces shaping urban Europe. Urban Studies, 30(6), pp. 883–898. doi: 10.1080/00420989320080831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häußermann, H., & Siebel, W. (1987) Neue Urbanität, (Suhrkamp: Frankfurt am Main).
   Google Scholar
• Hoekveld, J. J. (2012) Time-space relations and the differences between shrinking regions. Built Environment, 38(2), pp. 179–195. doi: 10.2148/benv.38.2.179
   Google Scholar
• Hollander, J. B., Pallagst, K. M., Schwarz, T., & Popper, F. J. (2009) , Chapter 4: Planning shrinking cities, in: H. Blanco, M. Alberti. R. Olshansky, S. Chang, S. M. Wheeler, J. Randolph, J. B. London, J. B. Hollander, K. M. Pallagst, T. Schwarz, F. J. Popper, S. Parnell, E. Pieterse & V. Watson (Eds) Shaken, shrinking, hot, impoverished and informal: Emerging research agendas in planning, Progress in Planning, 72(4), pp. 223–232
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, K. T. (1985) Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States, (New York: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Joppke, C. (2011) Chapter 1. Trends in European immigration policies. in: J. P. Burgess, & S. Gutwirth (Eds) A Threat Against Europe? Security, Migration and Integration, pp. 17–32. (Brussels: VUBPRESS).
   Google Scholar
• Kazepov, Y. (2005) Cities of Europe: Changing Contexts, Local Arrangements, and the Challenge to Urban Cohesion, (Malden, MA: Blackwell).
   Google Scholar
• Klemme, M. (2009) Stadtentwicklung ohne Wachstum. Zur Praxis kommunaler Siedlungsflächenentwicklung Empirische Befunde und Folgerungen zu Steuerungsverständnissen und—formen öffentlicher Akteure, (Aachen: Technische Hochschule).
   Google Scholar
• Lang, T. (2008) Institutional Perspectives of Local Development in Germany and England—A Comparative Study About Regeneration in Old Industrial Towns Experiencing Decline, (Potsdom: Universität Potsdam).
   Google Scholar
• Lang, T. (2012) Shrinkage, metropolization and peripheralization in East Germany. European Planning Studies, 20(10), pp. 1747–1754. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2012.713336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latten, J., & Musterd, S. (2009) De nieuwe groei heet krimp. Een perspectief voor Parkstad Limburg, (The Hague: Nicis Institute).
   Google Scholar
• Mackun, P. & Wilson, S. (2011) Population Distribution and Change: 2000–2010. 2010 Census Briefs, Issued March 2011. United States Census Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Molotch, H., Freudenburg, W., & Paulsen, K. E. (2000) History repeats itself, but how? City character, urban tradition, and the accomplishment of place. American Sociological Review, 65, pp. 791–823. doi: 10.2307/2657514
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mykhnenko, V., & Turok, I. (2008) East European cities—patterns of growth and decline, 1960–2005. International Planning Studies, 13(4), pp. 311–342. doi: 10.1080/13563470802518958
   Google Scholar
• Neyer, G. (2003) Family Policies and Low Fertility in Western Europe. Working paper 2003-021, Max-Plank-Institute für demografische Forschung. Available at http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/working/wp-2003-021.pdf (accessed 18 August 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Nordregio (2010) Map: Population Change in Europe (2005–2009). Annual Average Change Per 1000 Inhabitants in Regions. Designer/Cartographer: Johanna Roto. Available at http://www.nordregio.se/en/Maps–Graphs/01-Population-and-demography/Population-change-in-Europe-2005-2009/ (accessed 3 October 2012).
   Google Scholar
• OECD (1983) Managing Urban Change. Policies and Finance. Vol. I, (Paris: OECD).
   Google Scholar
• Pallagst, K. (2008) Shrinking cities planning challenges from an international perspective. in: S. Rugare, & T. Schwarz (Eds) Cities Growing Smaller, pp. 6–16. (Cleveland, OH: Kent State's Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative).
   Google Scholar
• Pallagst, K., Aber, J., Audirac, I., Cunningham-Sabot, E., Fol, S., Martinez-Fernandez, C., Moraes, S., Mulligan, H., Vargas-Hernandez, J., Wiechmann, T., Wu, T., & Rich, J. (2009) The Future of Shrinking Cities: Problems, Patterns and Strategies of Urban Transformation in Global Context, (Berkeley, CA: IURD).
   Google Scholar
• Paris, D. (2000) Lille et sa région urbaine. La bifurcation métropolitaine, (Paris: L'Harmattan).
   Google Scholar
• Pethe, H., Hafner, S., & Lawton, P. (2010) Transnational migrants in the creative knowledge industries: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dublin and Munich. in: S. Musterd, & A. Murie (Eds) Making Competitive Cities, pp. 163–191. (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell).
   Google Scholar
• Popper, D., & Popper, F. (2002) Small can be beautiful: Coming to terms with decline. Planning, 68(7), pp. 20–23.
   Google Scholar
• Puentes, R., & Warren, D. (2006) One-Fifth of America: A Comprehensive Guide to America's First Suburbs. Survey series, 11, (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution).
   Google Scholar
• Pumain, D. (1999) Summary Report on 2.2. Typology of Cities and Urban–Rural Relationships. Available at http://www.mcrit.com/spesp/SPESP_REPORT/2.2.Summary.pdf (accessed 17 March 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Reckien, D., Martinez-Fernandez, C. (2011) Why do cities shrink?. European Planning Studies, 19(8), pp. 1375–1397. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2011.593333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rink, D., Haase, A., Großmann, K., Bernt, M., Couch, C., Cocks, M., Violante, A., Cortese, C. & Calza Bini, P. (2011) How Shrinkage and Local Governance are Interrelated Across Urban Europe: A Comparative View. D12 Discussion Paper on Governance Responses. Available at http://www.shrinksmart.ufz.de/data/Shrink%20Smart%20WP6%20D12%20FINAL15852.pdf (accessed 24 November 2011).
   Google Scholar
• RLG Raad voor het Landelijke Gebied (2009) Kansen voor een krimpend platteland. RLG 09/07, (Utrecht: RLG).
   Google Scholar
• Rosenbohm, T. (2006) Perspektiven peripher gelegener Einfamilienhausgebiete Auswirkungen des demografischen Wandels auf die Wohnbedingungen am Stadtrand. RaumPlanung, 126/127, pp. 120–124.
   Google Scholar
• Sassen, S. (1994) Cities in the World Economy, (London: Sage).
   Google Scholar
• Schetke, S., & Haase, D. (2008) Multi-criteria assessment of socio-environmental aspects in shrinking cities. Experiences from eastern Germany. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 28(7), pp. 483–503. doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2007.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, N. & Haase, D. (2010) Urban shrinkage: A vicious circle for residents and infrastructure? Coupling agent-based models on residential location choice and urban infrastructure development. International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs) 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software. Modelling for Environment's Sake, Fifth Biennial Meeting, Ottawa, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Sellers, J. (2002) The nation-state and urban governance: Toward multilevel analysis. Urban Affairs Review, 37(5), pp. 611–641. doi: 10.1177/107808740203700501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sleebos, J. (2003) Low fertility rates in OECD countries: Facts and policy responses. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 15, Paris, OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J., & Timar, J. (2010) Uneven transformations: Space, economy and society 20 years after the collapse of state socialism. European Urban and Regional Studies, 17(2), pp. 115–125. doi: 10.1177/0969776409358245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobotka, T. (2008) The rising importance of migrants for childbearing in Europe. Overview Chapter 7. Demographic Research, Special Collection, 7, pp. 225–248. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.9
   Google Scholar
• Steinmetz, G. (2009) Detroit: A tale of two crises. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 27(5), pp. 61–770.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau (2010) 2010 Census Results—United States. Percent Change in Population: 2000–2010. Available at http://2010.census.gov/news/pdf/cb11cn123_us_perchange_2010map.pdf (accessed 15 September 2012).
   Google Scholar
• de Vries, M. S. (2000) The rise and fall of decentralization: A comparative analysis of arguments and practices in European countries. European Journal of Political Research, 38(2), pp. 193–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisbrod, G., Ben-Akiva, M., & Lerman, S. (1980) Tradeoffs in residential location decisions: Transportation versus other factors. Transportation Policy and Decision-Making, 1(1), pp. 13–26.
   Google Scholar
• Wiechmann, T. (2008) Errors expected—aligning urban strategy with demographic uncertainty in shrinking cities. International Planning Studies, 13(4), pp. 431–446. doi: 10.1080/13563470802519097
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, W. J. (2009) The political and economic forces shaping concentrated poverty. Political Science Quarterly, 123(4), pp. 555–571. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb00634.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woyke, M. (2006) Einfamilienhausidyllen, shopping-center, Golfplätze Grundzüge der interdisziplinären Suburbanisierungsforschung und erfahrungsgeschichtliche Perspektiven. Historisches Forum, 8, pp. 19–31.
   Google Scholar