References
- Abernathy , W. J. and Clark , K. B. 1985 . Innovation: Mapping the winds of creative destruction . Research Policy , 14 ( 1 ) : 3 – 22 . (doi:10.1016/0048-7333(85)90021-6)
- Acs , Z. , Anselin , L. and Varga , A. 2002 . Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional production of new knowledge . Research Policy , 31 ( 7 ) : 1069 – 1085 . (doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00184-6)
- Asheim , B. and Gertler , M. S. 2005 . “ The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Innovation , Edited by: Fagerberg , J. , Mowery , D. and Nelson , R. 291 – 317 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Beaudry , C. and Schiffauerova , A. 2009 . Who's right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate . Research Policy , 38 ( 2 ) : 318 – 337 . (doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.11.010)
- Borgatti , S. , Everett , M. and Freeman , L. 2002 . UCINET for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis , Harvard , MA : Analytic Technologies .
- Boschma , R. and Iammarino , S. 2009 . Related variety, trade linkages and regional growth in Italy . Economic Geography , 85 ( 3 ) : 289 – 311 . (doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01034.x)
- Boschma , R. , Minondo , A. and Navarro , M. 2012 . Related variety and regional growth in Spain . Papers in Regional Science , 91 ( 2 ) : 241 – 156 .
- Breschi , S. , Lissoni , F. and Malerba , F. 2003 . Knowledge-relatedness in firm technological diversification . Research Policy , 32 ( 1 ) : 69 – 87 . (doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00004-5)
- Cantwell , J. and Vertova , G. 2004 . Historical evolution of technological diversification . Research Policy , 33 ( 3 ) : 511 – 529 . (doi:10.1016/j.respol.2003.10.003)
- Christensen , C. M. 1997 . The Innovator's Dilemma , Boston , MA : Harvard Business School Press .
- Clark , K. B. 1985 . The interaction of design hierarchies and market concepts in technological evolution . Research Policy , 14 ( 5 ) : 235 – 251 . (doi:10.1016/0048-7333(85)90007-1)
- Cooke , P. and Leydesdorff , L. 2006 . Regional development in the knowledge-based economy: The construction of advantage . Journal of Technology Transfer , 31 ( 1 ) : 5 – 15 . (doi:10.1007/s10961-005-5009-3)
- Cooke , P. , Uranga , M. and Etxebarria , G. 1997 . Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organizational dimensions . Research Policy , 26 ( 4–5 ) : 475 – 491 . (doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00025-5)
- Dosi , G. 1982 . Technological paradigms and technological trajectories: A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change . Research Policy , 11 ( 3 ) : 147 – 162 . (doi:10.1016/0048-7333(82)90016-6)
- Drucker , J. 2011 . Regional industrial structure concentration in the United States: Trends and implications . Economic Geography , 87 ( 4 ) : 421 – 452 . (doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01129.x)
- Ellison , G. and Glaeser , E. L. 1999 . The geographic concentration of industry: Does natural advantage explain agglomeration? . American Economic Review , 89 ( 2 ) : 311 – 316 . (doi:10.1257/aer.89.2.311)
- Engelsman , E. C. and van Raan , A. F. J. 1994 . A patent-based cartography of technology . Research Policy , 23 ( 1 ) : 1 – 26 . (doi:10.1016/0048-7333(94)90024-8)
- Feldman, M. P. & Kogler, D. F. (2010) Stylized facts in the geography of innovation, in: B. Hall & N. Rosenberg (Eds) Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, pp. 381–410 (Oxford: Elsevier).
- Feser , E. 2003 . What regions do rather than make: A proposed set of knowledge-based occupation clusters . Urban Studies , 40 ( 10 ) : 1937 – 1958 . (doi:10.1080/0042098032000116059)
- Fleming , L. and Sorenson , O. 2001 . Technology as a complex adaptive system: Evidence from patent data . Research Policy , 30 ( 7 ) : 1019 – 1039 . (doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00135-9)
- Florida , R. 2002 . Rise of the Creative Class , New York : Basic Books .
- Freeman , C. 1985 . The “National System of Innovation” in historical perspective . Cambridge Journal of Economics , 19 ( 1 ) : 5 – 24 .
- Frenken , K. , Van Oort , F. G. and Verburg , T. 2007 . Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth . Regional Studies , 41 ( 5 ) : 685 – 697 . (doi:10.1080/00343400601120296)
- Gertler , M. S. 1995 . Being there: Proximity, organization and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies . Economic Geography , 71 ( 1 ) : 1 – 26 . (doi:10.2307/144433)
- Gertler , M. S. 2003 . Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there) . Journal of Economic Geography , 3 ( 1 ) : 75 – 99 . (doi:10.1093/jeg/3.1.75)
- Gower, J. C. (1971) A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties, Biometrics 27(4), pp. 857–871.
- Griliches , Z. 1979 . Issues in assessing the contribution of R&D to productivity growth . Bell Journal of Economics , 10 ( 1 ) : 92 – 116 . (doi:10.2307/3003321)
- Griliches , Z. 1990 . Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey . Journal of Economic Literature , 28 ( 4 ) : 1661 – 1707 .
- Hall , P. and Markusen , A. 1985 . “ High technology and regional-urban policy ” . In Silicon Landscapes , Edited by: Hall , P. and Markusen , A. 144 – 151 . Boston , MA : Allen and Unwin .
- Hall, B., Jaffe, A. & Trajtenberg, M. (2001) The NBER patent citations data file: Lessons, insights and methodological tools. Working Paper no. 8498, National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Hausmann, R. & Klinger, B. (2007) The structure of the product space and the evolution of comparative advantage. CID Working Paper no. 146, Center for International Development, Harvard University, Cambridge.
- Henderson , J. V. , Kuncoro , A. and Turner , M. 1995 . Industrial development in cities . Journal of Political Economy , 103 ( 5 ) : 1067 – 1090 . (doi:10.1086/262013)
- Hidalgo , C. , Klinger , B. , Barabassi , A. and Hausmann , R. 2007 . The product space conditions the development of nations . Science , 317 ( 5837 ) : 482 – 487 . (doi:10.1126/science.1144581)
- Jaffe , A. 1986 . Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D . American Economic Review , 76 ( 5 ) : 984 – 1001 .
- Jaffe, A. & Trajtenberg, M. (Eds) (2002) Patents, Citations, and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
- Joo , S. H. and Kim , Y. 2010 . Measuring relatedness between technological fields . Scientometrics , 83 ( 2 ) : 435 – 454 . (doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0108-9)
- Lai, R., D, Amour, A., Yu, A., Sun, Y. & Fleming, L. (2011) Disambiguation and co-authorship networks of the U.S. Patent Inventor Database (1975–2010), Working Paper, Harvard University.
- Lamoreaux , N. and Sokoloff , K. 1996 . Long-term change in the organization of inventive activity . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 93 ( 23 ) : 12686 – 12692 . (doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12686)
- Leten , B. , Belderbos , R. and Van Looy , B. 2007 . Technological diversification, coherence, and performance of firms . Journal of Product Innovation and Management , 24 ( 6 ) : 567 – 579 . (doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2007.00272.x)
- Lobo , J. and Strumsky , D. 2008 . Metropolitan patenting, inventor agglomeration and social networks: A tale of two effects . Journal of Urban Economics , 63 ( 3 ) : 871 – 884 . (doi:10.1016/j.jue.2007.07.005)
- Lucas , R. 1988 . On the mechanics of economic development . Journal of Monetary Economics , 22 ( 1 ) : 3 – 42 . (doi:10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7)
- Lundvall , B. and Johnson , B. 1994 . The Learning Economy , London : Routledge .
- Marshall , A. 1920 . Principles of Economics , 2 , London : Macmillan .
- Maskell , P. and Malmberg , A. 1999 . The competitiveness of firms and regions: “ubiquitification” and the importance of localized learning . European Urban and Regional Planning Studies , 6 ( 1 ) : 9 – 25 . (doi:10.1177/096977649900600102)
- Morgan , K. 1997 . The learning region: Institutions, innovation and regional renewal . Regional Studies , 31 ( 5 ) : 491 – 503 . (doi:10.1080/00343409750132289)
- Neffke , F. , Henning , M. and Boschma , R. 2011 . How do regions diversity over time? Industry relatedness and the development of new growth paths in regions . Economic Geography , 87 ( 3 ) : 237 – 265 . (doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01121.x)
- Nelson , R. R. and Winter , S. G. 1982 . An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change , Cambridge , MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press .
- Nesta , L. and Saviotti , P. P. 2005 . Coherence of the knowledge base and the firm's innovative performance: Evidence from the U.S. pharmaceutical industry . Journal of Industrial Economics , 53 ( 1 ) : 123 – 142 . (doi:10.1111/j.0022-1821.2005.00248.x)
- O'hUallachain , B. 1999 . Patent places: Size matters . Journal of Regional Science , 39 ( 4 ) : 613 – 636 . (doi:10.1111/0022-4146.00152)
- O'hUallachain , B. and Lee , D. 2011 . Technological variety and specialization in urban invention . Regional Studies , 45 ( 1 ) : 67 – 88 . (doi:10.1080/00343404.2010.486783)
- Pavitt , K. 1985 . Patent statistics as indicators of innovative activities: Possibilities and problems . Scientometrics , 7 ( 1–2 ) : 77 – 99 . (doi:10.1007/BF02020142)
- Piore , M. J. and Sabel , C. F. 1984 . The Second Industrial Divide: Prospects for Prosperity , New York : Basic .
- Quatraro , F. 2010 . Knowledge coherence, variety and economic growth: Manufacturing evidence from Italian regions . Research Policy , 39 ( 10 ) : 1289 – 1302 . (doi:10.1016/j.respol.2010.09.005)
- Rigby , D. L. 2013 . The geography of knowledge relatedness and technological diversification in U.S. cities . Regional Studies , (forthcoming)
- Rigby , D. L. and Essletzbichler , J. 1997 . Evolution, process variety, and regional trajectories of technological change . Economic Geography , 73 ( 3 ) : 269 – 284 . (doi:10.2307/144484)
- Rigby , D. L. and Essletzbichler , J. 2006 . Technological variety, technological change and a geography of production techniques . Journal of Economic Geography , 6 ( 1 ) : 45 – 70 . (doi:10.1093/jeg/lbi015)
- Rigby, D. L. & Van der Wouden, F. (2012) Knowledge relatedness and the rate of invention in U.S. cities. Draft manuscript available from the authors.
- Romer , P. 1986 . Increasing returns and long-run growth . Journal of Political Economy , 94 : 1002 – 1037 . (doi:10.1086/261420)
- Sahal , D. 1981 . Patterns of Technological Innovation , Reading , MA : Addison Wesley .
- Saxenian , A. 1994 . Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
- Scherer , F. 1982 . Interindustry technology flows in the United States . Research Policy , 11 ( 4 ) : 227 – 245 . (doi:10.1016/0048-7333(82)90011-7)
- Schumpeter , J. 1942 . Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy , New York : Harper .
- Scott , A. J. 1986 . Industrial organization and location: Division of labor, the firm and spatial process . Economic Geography , 62 ( 3 ) : 215 – 231 . (doi:10.2307/144006)
- Scott , A. J. 2004 . On Hollywood: The Place, The Industry , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Scott , A. J. 2006 . Entrepreneurship, innovation and industrial development: Geography and the creative field revisited . Small Business Economics , 26 ( 1 ) : 1 – 24 . (doi:10.1007/s11187-004-6493-9)
- Solow , R. 1956 . A contribution to the theory of economic growth . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 66 : 65 – 94 . (doi:10.2307/1884513)
- Storper , M. 1997 . The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy , New York : Guilford .
- Strumsky , D. , Lobo , J. and van der Leeuw , S. 2012 . Using patent technology codes to study technological change . Economics of New Technology and Innovation , 21 ( 3 ) : 267 – 286 . (doi:10.1080/10438599.2011.578709)
- Stuart , T. E. and Podolny , J. M. 1996 . Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities . Strategic Management Journal , 17 ( 2 ) : 21 – 38 .
- Teece , D. J. , Rumelt , R. , Dosi , G. and Winter , S. G. 1994 . Understanding corporate coherence: Theory and evidence . Journal of Economic Behaviour Organisation , 23 ( 1 ) : 1 – 30 . (doi:10.1016/0167-2681(94)90094-9)
- United States Patent and Trademark Office (2010) USPTO Assignee Harmonization Data File. Available at http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/data/misc/data_cd.doc/assignee_harmonization/ (accessed 8 October 2011).
- Verspagen , B. 1997 . Measuring intersectoral technology spillovers: Estimates from the European and US Patent Office Databases . Economic Systems Research , 9 ( 1 ) : 47 – 65 . (doi:10.1080/09535319700000004)
- Vertova, G. (1999) Stability in national patterns of technological specialization: Some historical evidence from patent data, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 8(4), pp. 331–354.