The long road from one-size-fits-all SME promotion to bespoke business start-ups

References

• Albort-Morant, G., & Oghazi, P. (2016). How useful are incubators for new entrepreneurs? Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2125–2129. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asheim, B. T., Boschma, R., & Cooke, P. (2011). Constructing regional advantage: Platform policies based on related variety and differentiated knowledge bases. Regional Studies, 45(7), 893–904. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2010.543126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asheim, B. T., & Gertler, M. S. (2006). The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems. In J. Fagerberg & D. C. Mowery (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of innovation (pp. 291–317). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Asheim, B. T., Grillitsch, M., & Trippl, M. (2016). Regional innovation systems: Past – present – future. In R. G. Shearmur, C. Carrincazeaux, & D. Doloreux (Eds.), Handbook on the geographies of innovation (pp. 45–62). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Asheim, B. T., Moodysson, J., & Tödtling, F. (2011). Constructing regional advantage: Towards state-of-the-Art regional innovation system policies in Europe? European Planning Studies, 19(7), 1133–1139. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2011.573127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asheim, B. T., Smith, H. L., & Oughton, C. (2011). Regional innovation systems: Theory, empirics and policy. Regional Studies, 45(7), 875–891. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2011.596701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, M. D., Sørensen, J. B., & Dobrev, S. D. (2016). A careers perspective on entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(2), 237–247. doi: 10.1111/etap.12230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, J., & Fayolle, A. (2010). A feminist inquiry into entrepreneurship training. In D. Smallbone, J. Leitão, M. Raposo, & F. Welter (Eds.), The theory and practice of entrepreneurship: Frontiers in European entrepreneurship research (pp. 76–100). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Cáceres-Carrasco, F. R., & Guzmán-Cuevas, J. (2010). Functional and productive dependence: New characteristics for the analysis of enterprises from a macroeconomic view. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6(2), 117–130. doi: 10.1007/s11365-010-0141-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camagni, R., & Capello, R. (2013). Regional innovation patterns and the EU regional policy reform: Toward smart innovation policies. Growth and Change, 44(2), 355–389. doi: 10.1111/grow.12012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capello, R. (2012). The knowledge economy in European regions: A strategic goal for competitiveness. In R. Capello & T. P. Dentinho (Eds.), Networks, space and competitiveness (pp. 77–106). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2010). Triple helix, quadruple helix and quintuple helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the environment relate to each other?. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1(1), 41–69. doi: 10.4018/jsesd.2010010105
   Google Scholar
• Cavallini, S., Soldi, R., Friedl, J., & Volpe, M. (2016). Using the quadruple helix approach to accelerate the transfer of research and innovation results to regional growth. Retrieved from http://dx.publications.europa.eu/10.2863/0082
   Google Scholar
• Chaminade, C., & Plechero, M. (2015). Do regions make a difference? Regional innovation systems and global innovation networks in the ICT industry. European Planning Studies, 23(2), 215–237. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2013.861806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeTienne, D. R., & Chandler, G. N. (2007). The role of gender in opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 365–386. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00178.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doloreux, D. (2002). What we should know about regional systems of innovation. Technology in Society, 24(3), 243–263. doi: 10.1016/S0160-791X(02)00007-6
   Google Scholar
• Fitjar, R. D., & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2011). When local interaction does not suffice: Sources of firm innovation in urban Norway. Environment and Planning A, 43(6), 1248–1267. doi: 10.1068/a43516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freire-Gibb, L. C., & Nielsen, K. (2014). Entrepreneurship within urban and rural areas: Creative people and social networks. Regional Studies, 48(1), 139–153. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2013.808322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch, M., & Storey, D. J. (2014). Entrepreneurship in a regional context: Historical roots, recent developments and future challenges. Regional Studies, 48(6), 939–954. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2014.892574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerry, C. (1998). Enterprises and institutions at the frontier of territorial restructuring: A sceptical view of the prospects for local development in the southern European periphery. In J. Gaspar & M. Vale (Eds.), Desenvolvimento industrial e território=industrial development and territory (pp. 103–150). Coimbra: Comissão de Coordenação da Região Centro.
   Google Scholar
• Gertler, M. S. (2010). Rules of the game: The place of institutions in regional economic change. Regional Studies, 44(1), 1–15. doi: 10.1080/00343400903389979
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grillitsch, M., & Nilsson, M. (2015). Innovation in peripheral regions: Do collaborations compensate for a lack of local knowledge spillovers? The Annals of Regional Science, 54(1), 299–321. doi: 10.1007/s00168-014-0655-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hechavarria, D. M., & Reynolds, P. D. (2009). Cultural norms & business start-ups: The impact of national values on opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5(4), 417–437. doi: 10.1007/s11365-009-0115-6
   Google Scholar
• Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2012). Censos 2011 Resultados Definitivos – Região Norte. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística.
   Google Scholar
• Isaksen, A. (2001). Building regional innovation systems: Is endogenous industrial development possible in the global economy? Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 24(1), 101–120. Retrieved from http://cjrs-rcsr.org/archives/24-1/ISAKSEN.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Isaksen, A., & Trippl, M. (2014). Regional industrial path development in different regional innovation systems: A conceptual analysis. Papers in Innovation Studies. Lund University, CIRCLE – Center for Innovation, Research and Competences in the Learning Economy. Retrieved from http://wp.circle.lu.se/upload/CIRCLE/workingpapers/201417_Isaksen_Trippl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, C., & Tragardh, B. (2004). Narrating the triple helix concept in ‘weak’ regions: Lessons from Sweden. International Journal of Technology Management, 27(5), 513–530. doi: 10.1504/ijtm.2004.004287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Küpper, P., Kundolf, S., Mettenberger, T., & Tuitjer, G. (2017). Rural regeneration strategies for declining regions: Trade-off between novelty and practicability. European Planning Studies, 1–27. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2017.1361583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leydesdorff, L., & Etzkowitz, H. (1996). Emergence of a triple helix of university – industry – government relations. Science and Public Policy, 23(5), 279–286. doi: 10.1093/spp/23.5.279
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg, M., Lindgren, M., & Packendorff, J. (2014). Quadruple helix as a way to bridge the gender gap in entrepreneurship: The case of an innovation system project in the Baltic Sea Region. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 5(1), 94–113. doi: 10.1007/s13132-012-0098-3
   Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Chaminade, C., & Asheim, B. T. (2013). The geography and structure of global innovation networks: A knowledge base perspective. European Planning Studies, 21(9), 1456–1473. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2012.755842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2010). The place of path dependence in an evolutionary perspective on the economic landscape. In R. Boschma & R. Martin (Eds.), The handbook of evolutionary economic geography (pp. 69–92). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Maskell, P., & Malmberg, A. (2007). Myopia, knowledge development and cluster evolution. Journal of Economic Geography, 7(5), 603–618. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbm020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad, M., & Zawdie, G. (2008). Triple helix in developing countries – issues and challenges. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 20(6), 649–652. doi: 10.1080/09537320802426267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, F. J., Roomi, M. A., & Liñán, F. (2016). About gender differences and the social environment in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 49–66. doi: 10.1111/jsbm.12129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, G. M. C., Marques, C. S., Ferreira, J. J., Gerry, C., & Ratten, V. (2017). Women’s entrepreneurship in northern Portugal: Psychological factors versus contextual influences in the economic downturn. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 13(4), 418–440. doi: 10.1504/wremsd.2017.085027
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2011). The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: Studying entrepreneurial action linking ‘what is to be sustained’ with ‘what is to be developed’. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 137–163. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00426.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tödtling, F., Asheim, B. T., & Boschma, R. (2013). Knowledge sourcing, innovation and constructing advantage in regions of Europe. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(2), 161–169. doi: 10.1177/0969776412457173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tödtling, F., Grillitsch, M., & Höglinger, C. (2012). Knowledge sourcing and innovation in Austrian ICT companies – how does geography matter? Industry and Innovation, 19(4), 327–348. doi: 10.1080/13662716.2012.694678
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tödtling, F., & Trippl, M. (2005). One size fits all? Research Policy, 34(8), 1203–1219. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tödtling, F., & Trippl, M. (2013). Transformation of regional innovation systems: From old legacies to new development paths. In P. Cooke (Ed.), Re-framing regional development (pp. 297–317). Abindgon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Trippl, M., Asheim, B. T., & Miörner, J. (2016). Identification of regions with less developed research and innovation systems. In M. D. Parrilli, R. Dahl-Fitjar & A. Rodríguez-Pose (Eds.), Innovation drivers and regional innovation strategies (pp. 23–44). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Trippl, M., & Otto, A. (2009). How to turn the fate of old industrial areas: A comparison of cluster-based renewal processes in Styria and the Saarland. Environment and Planning A, 41(5), 1217–1233. doi: 10.1068/a4129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Zwan, P., Verheul, I., & Thurik, A. R. (2012). The entrepreneurial ladder, gender, and regional development. Small Business Economics, 39(3), 627–643. doi: 10.1007/s11187-011-9334-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar