Older, wiser, and happier? Comparing older adults’ and college students’ self-defining memories

References

• Anderson , S. J. , Cohen , G. and Taylor , S. 2000 . Rewriting the past: Some factors affecting the variability of personal memories . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 14 : 435 – 454 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley , J. and Singer , J. A. 2007 . “ Charting the life story's path: Narrative identity across the life span ” . In Handbook of narrative research methods , Edited by: Clandinin , J. 177 – 202 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Barsalou , L. W. 1988 . “ The content and organization of autobiographical memories ” . In Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional approaches to the study of memory , Edited by: Neisser , U. and Winograd , E. 193 – 243 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berntsen , D. and Rubin , D. 2002 . Emotionally charged autobiographical memories across the life span: The recall of happy, sad, traumatic, and involuntary memories . Psychology and Ageing , 17 ( 4 ) : 636 – 652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blagov , P. S. and Singer , J. A. 2004 . Four dimensions of self-defining memories (content, specificity, meaning, affect) and their relationship to self-restraint, distress, and defensiveness . Journal of Personality , 72 : 481 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , R. 1963 . The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged . Psychiatry , 26 : 65 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstensen , L. L. and Mikels , J. A. 2005 . At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Ageing and the positivity effect . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 14 : 117 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , G. and Faulkner , D. 1989 . Age differences in source forgetting: Effects on reality monitoring and eyewitness testimony . Psychology and Ageing , 4 : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries , B. , Blando , J. and Walker , L. 1995 . “ An exploratory analysis of the content and structure of the life review ” . In The art and science of reminiscing: Theory, research, methods, and applications , Edited by: Haight , B. K. and Webster , J. D. 123 – 137 . Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Diener , E. and Emmons , R. A. 1985 . The independence of positive and negative affect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 47 : 1105 – 1117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field , D. 1981 . Retrospective reports by healthy intelligent older people of personal events of their adult lives . Journal of Behavioural Development , 4 : 77 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glisky , E. L. , Rubin , S. R. and Davidson , P. S. R. 2001 . Source memory in older adults: An encoding or retrieval problem? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 27 : 1131 – 1146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland , C. A. and Rabbitt , P. M. 1990 . Autobiographical and text recall in the elderly: An investigation of a processing resource deficit . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology , 42 : 441 – 470 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , Q. , Mather , M. and Carstensen , L. L. 2004 . The role of motivation in the age-related positivity effect in autobiographical memory . Psychological Science , 15 : 208 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labouvie-Vief , G. 1982 . Dynamic development and mature autonomy . Human Development , 25 : 161 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , L. J. and Bluck , S. 1997 . Experienced and remembered emotional intensity in older adults . Psychology and Ageing , 12 : 514 – 523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , B. , Svoboda , E. , Hay , J. , Winocur , G. and Moscovitch , M. 2002 . Ageing and autobiographical memory: Dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval . Psychology and Ageing , 17 : 677 – 689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire , E. A. and Frith , C. D. 2003 . Ageing affects the engagements of the hippocampus during autobiographical memory retrieval . Brain , 126 : 1511 – 1523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams , D. P. 1988 . Power, intimacy, and the life story: Personological inquiries into identity , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• McAdams , D. P. 1999 . “ Personal narratives and the life story ” . In Handbook of personality: Theory and research , 2nd ed , Edited by: Pervin , L. A. and John , O. P. 478 – 500 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• McAdams , D. P. 2001 . The psychology of life stories . Review of General Psychology , 5 : 100 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. , Costa , P. T.Jr. , Lima , M. P. , Simoes , A. , Ostendorf , F. Angleitner , A. 1999 . Age differences in personality across the adult lifespan: Parallels in five cultures . Developmental Psychology , 35 : 466 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre , J. S and Craik , F. I. M. 1987 . Age differences in memory for item and source information . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 41 : 175 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , K. C. and Thorne , A. 2003 . Late adolescents’ self-defining memories about relationships . Developmental Psychology , 39 : 635 – 645 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt , K. H. and Singer , J. A. 1994 . Continuity in the life story: Self-defining memories, affect, and approach/avoidance personal strivings . Journal of Personality , 62 : 21 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pals , J. 2006 . Narrative identity processing of difficult life experiences: Pathways of personality development and positive self-transformation in adulthood . Journal of Personality , 74 : 1079 – 1109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillemer , D. B. , Rhinehart , E. D. and White , S. H. 1986 . Memories of life transition: The first years in college . Human Learning , 5 : 109 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Piolino , P. , Desgranges , B. , Clarys , D. , Guillery-Girard , B. , Tacconat , L. Isingrini , M. 2006 . Autobiographical memory, autonoetic consciousness, and self-perspective in ageing . Psychology and Ageing , 21 : 510 – 525 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schacter , D. L. , Kazniak , A. W. , Kihlstrom , J. F. and Valdiserri , M. 1991 . The relation between source memory and ageing . Psychology and Ageing , 6 : 559 – 568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlagman , S. , Schultz , J. and Kvavilashvili , L. 2006 . A content analysis of involuntary autobiographical memories: Examining the positivity effect in old age . Memory , 14 : 161 – 175 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano , J. P. , Latorre , J. M. , Gatz , M. and Montanes , J. 2004 . Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology . Psychology and Ageing , 19 : 272 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. 2001 . “ Living in the amber cloud: A life story analysis of a heroin addict ” . In Turns in the road: Narrative studies of lives in transition , Edited by: McAdams , D. P. , Josselson , R. and Lieblich , A. 253 – 277 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. 2004a . “ A love story: Using self-defining memories in couples therapy ” . In Healing plots: Narrative and psychotherapy , Edited by: McAdams , D. P. , Josselson , R. and Lieblich , A. 189 – 208 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. 2004b . Narrative identity and meaning-making across the adult lifespan: An introduction to a special section of the Journal of Personality . Journal of Personality , 72 : 437 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. 2005 . Personality and psychotherapy: Treating the whole person , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. , Baddeley , J. L. , & Frantsve , L. (in press) . Supervision in person-centered and narrative psychotherapy . In A. K. Hess Psychotherapy supervision: Theory, research and practice , 2nd ed . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. & Blagov , P. S. (2002) . Classification system and scoring manual for self-defining autobiographical memories. A scoring manual . Unpublished manuscript , Department of Psychology, Connecticut College , New London, , CT, USA .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. & Moffitt , K. H. (1991–92) . An experimental investigation of specificity and generality in memory narratives , Imagination, Cognition, and Personality , 11 , 233 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A and Salovey , P. 1993 . The remembered self: Emotion and memory in personality , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. A. and Singer , J. L. 1992 . “ Transference in psychotherapy and daily life: Implications of current memory and social cognition research ” . In Interface of psychoanalysis and psychology , Edited by: Barron , J. W. and Eagle , M. N. 516 – 538 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Sutin , A. R. and Robins , R. W. 2005 . Continuity and correlates of emotions and motives in self-defining memories . Journal of Personality , 73 : 793 – 824 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne , A. & McLean , K. C. (2001) . Manual for coding events in self-defining memories . Unpublished manuscript , University of California , Santa Cruz .
   Google Scholar
• Thorne , A. and McLean , K. C. 2002 . Gendered reminiscence practices and self-definition in late adolescence . Sex Roles , 46 : 266 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne , A. and McLean , K. C. 2003 . “ Telling traumatic events in adolescence: A study of master narrative positioning ” . In Connecting culture and memory: The development of an autobiographical self , Edited by: Fivush , R. and Haden , C. 169 – 185 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Thorne , A. , McLean , K. C. and Lawrence , A. M. 2004 . When remembering is not enough: Reflecting on self-defining memories in late adolescence . Journal of Personality , 72 : 513 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trott , C.T. , Friedman , D. , Ritter , W. , Fabiani , M. and Snodgrass , J. G. 1999 . Episodic priming and memory for temporal source: Event-related potentials reveal age differences in prefrontal functioning . Psychology and Ageing , 14 : 390 – 413 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Hippel , W. , Silver , L. A. and Lynch , M. E. 2000 . Stereotyping against your will: The role of inhibitory ability in stereotyping and prejudice among the elderly . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 : 523 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt , L. and Cappeliez , P. 2000 . Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness . Ageing and Mental Health , 9 : 166 – 177 .
   Google Scholar
• Watt , L. and Wong , P. 1991 . A taxonomy of reminiscence and therapeutic implications . Journal of Gerontological Social Work , 16 : 37 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , J. D. and McCall , M. E. 1999 . Reminiscence across adulthood: A replication and extension . Journal of Adult Development , 6 : 73 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. G. 1996 . “ Depression and the specificity of autobiographical memory ” . In Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory , Edited by: Rubin , D. C. 244 – 267 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. G. , Barnhofer , T. , Crane , C. , Hermans , D. , Raes , F. Watkins , E. 2007 . Autobiographical memory and emotional disorder . Psychological Bulletin , 133 : 122 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winthorpe , C. and Rabbitt , P. A. 1988 . “ Working memory capacity, IQ, age, and the ability to recount autobiographical events ” . In Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues II , Edited by: Gruneberg , M. M. , Morris , P. E. and Sykes , R. N. 175 – 189 . Chichester, , UK : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Wong , P. and Watt , L. 1991 . What types of reminiscence are associated with successful ageing? . Psychology and Ageing , 6 : 272 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , W. and Conway , M. 2006 . Subjective impact, meaning making and current and recalled emotions for self defining memories . Journal of Personality , 74 : 811 – 846 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar