Using warnings to reduce categorical false memories in younger and older adults

REFERENCES

• Balota, D. A., Dolan, P. O., & Duchek, J. M. (2000). Memory changes in healthy older adults. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Handbook of memory (pp. 395–409). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1990). Gist is the grist: Fuzzy-trace theory and the new intuitionism. Developmental Review, 10(1), 3–47. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(90)90003-M
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brainerd, C. J., Yang, Y., Reyna, V. F., Howe, M. L., & Mills, B. A. (2008). Semantic processing in “associative” false memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(6), 1035–1053. doi:10.3758/PBR.15.6.1035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17–22. doi: 10.1037/h0046671
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dennis, N. A., Kim, H., & Cabeza, R. (2007). Effects of aging on true and false memory formation: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 45(14), 3157–3166. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Min-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo, D. A. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition, 38, 833–848. doi:10.3758/MC.38.7.833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo, D. A., Roberts, M. J., & Seamon, J. G. (1997). Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 271–276. doi:10.3758/BF03209405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacoby, L. L., & Rhodes, M. G. (2006). False remembering in the aged. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(2), 49–53. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00405.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, L., Zhang, Z., & Nisbett, R. E. (2004). Is it culture or is it language? Examination of language effects in cross-cultural research on categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 57–65. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koutstaal, W., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Gist-based false recognition of pictures in older and younger adults. Journal of Memory and Language, 37(4), 555–583. doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, D. P., & Smith, A. D. (2002). The effect of warnings on false memories in young and older adults. Memory & Cognition, 30(7), 1065–1077. doi:10.3758/BF03194324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L., III. (1998). Attempting to avoid illusory memories: Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warnings and immediate testing. Journal of Memory and Language, 39(3), 508–520. doi:10.1006/jmla.1998.2582
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough, I. M., Wong, J. T., & Gallo, D. A. (2013). Age-related differences in prefrontal cortex activity during retrieval monitoring: Testing the compensation and dysfunction accounts. Cerebral Cortex, 23(5), 1049–1060. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. J., Johnson, M. K., & Mather, M. (2003). Source monitoring and suggestibility to misinformation: Adult age-related differences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(1), 107–119. doi:10.1002/acp.857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, K. A., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). False recognition in younger and older adults: Exploring the characteristics of illusory memories. Memory & Cognition, 25(6), 838–848. doi:10.3758/BF03211328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, J. D. (1996). From a passing thought to a false memory in 2 minutes: Confusing real and illusory events. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(1), 105–111. doi:10.3758/BF03210749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roediger, H. L.III, Balota, D. A., & Watson, J. M. (2001). Spreading activation and the arousal of false memories. In H. L. Roediger III, J. S. Nairne, I. Neath, & A. M. Surprenant (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 95–115). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803–814. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosch, E. (2002). Principles of categorization. In D. J. Levitin (Ed.), Foundations of cognition psychology: Core readings (pp. 251–270). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Salthouse, T. A. (1996). General and specific speed mediation of adult age differences in memory. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 51, P30–P42. doi: 10.1093/geronb/51B.1.P30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schacter, D. L., Israel, L., & Racine, C. (1999). Suppressing false recognition in younger and older adults: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 40(1), 1–24. doi:10.1006/jmla.1998.2611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schacter, D. L., Koutstaal, W., & Norman, K. A. (1997). False memories and aging. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1(6), 229–236. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01068-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, A. J., Boduroglu, A., & Gutchess, A. H. (2014). Cross-cultural differences in categorical memory errors. Cognitive Science, 38(5), 997–1007. doi:10.1111/cogs.12109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seamon, J. G., Berko, J. R., Sahlin, B., Yu, Y. L., Colker, J. M., & Gottfried, D. H. (2006). Can false memories spontaneously recover? Memory, 14, 415–423. doi:10.1080/09658210500420725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., Pierce, B. H., & Choi, H. (2002). The roles of associative responses at study and semantically guided recollection at test in false memory: The Kirkpatrick and Deese hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(3), 436–447. doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00012-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., Tindell, D. R., Sifonis, C. M., & Wilkenfeld, M. J. (2000). Category structure and created memories. Memory & Cognition, 28(3), 386–395. doi:10.3758/BF03198554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tun, P. A., Wingfield, A., Rosen, M. J., & Blanchard, L. (1998). Response latencies for false memories: Gist-based processes in normal aging. Psychology and Aging, 13(2), 230–241. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.13.2.230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unsworth, N., Heitz, R. P., Schrock, J. C., & Engle, R. W. (2005). An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior Research Methods, 37(3), 498–505. doi:10.3758/BF03192720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, J. M., McDermott, K. B., & Balota, D. A. (2004). Attempting to avoid false memories in the Deese/Roediger—McDermott paradigm: Assessing the combined influence of practice and warnings in young and old adults. Memory & Cognition, 32(1), 135–141. doi:10.3758/BF03195826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar