1,120
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The robustness of false memory for emotional pictures

Pages 171-188 | Received 21 Dec 2016, Accepted 29 May 2017, Published online: 17 Jun 2017

References

  • Adolphs, R. (2004). Emotional vision. Nature Neuroscience, 7(11), 1167–1168. doi: 10.1038/nn1104-1167
  • Anderson, A. K., Yamaguchi, Y., Grabski, W., & Lacka, D. (2006). Emotional memories are not all created equal: Evidence for selective memory enhancement. Learning and Memory, 13(6), 711–718. doi: 10.1101/lm.388906
  • Ballard, M. E., Gallo, D. A., & de Wit, H. (2013). Pre-encoding administration of amphetamine or THC preferentially modulates emotional memory in humans. Psychopharmacology, 226, 515–529. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2924-5
  • Baran, B., Pace-Schott, E. F., Ericson, C., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2012). Processing of emotional reactivity and emotional memory over sleep. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(3), 1035–1042. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2532-11.2012
  • Barnacle, G. E., Madan, C., & Talmi, D. (2017). Development of the semantically related emotional and neutral stimulus sets (SeRENS). Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Barnacle, G. E., Montaldi, D., Talmi, D., & Sommer, T. (2016). The list-composition effect in memory for emotional and neutral pictures: Differential contribution of ventral and dorsal attention networks to successful encoding. Neuropsychologia, 90, 125–135. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.023
  • Bennion, K. A., Ford, J. H., Murray, B. D., & Kensinger, E. A. (2013). Oversimplification in the study of emotional memory. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19, 953–961. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713000945
  • Bookbinder, S. H., & Brainerd, C. J. (2016). Emotion and false memory: The context-content paradox. Psychological Bulletin, 142(12), 1315–1351. doi: 10.1037/bul0000077
  • Bookbinder, S. H., & Brainerd, C. J. (2017). Emotionally negative pictures enhance gist memory. Emotion, 17(1), 102–119. doi: 10.1037/emo0000171
  • Bourque, J., Mendrek, A., Durand, M., Lakis, N., Lipp, O., Stip, E., … Potvin, S. (2013). Cannabis abuse is associated with better emotional memory in schizophrenia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 214(1), 24–32. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.05.012
  • Bowen, H. J., & Spaniol, J. (2011). Chronic exposure to violent video games is not associated with alterations of emotional memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(6), 906–916. doi: 10.1002/acp.1767
  • Brainerd, C. J., Stein, L. M., Silveira, R. A., Rohenkohl, G., & Reyna, V. F. (2008). How does negative emotion cause false memories? Psychological Science, 19, 919–925. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02177.x
  • Buchanan, T. W., Etzel, J. A., Adolphs, R., & Tranel, D. (2006). The influence of autonomic arousal and semantic relatedness on memory for emotional words. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61(1), 26–33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.022
  • Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (1998). Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 21(7), 294–299. doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01214-9
  • Canli, T., Desmond, J. E., Zhao, Z., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(16), 10789–10794. doi: 10.1073/pnas.162356599
  • Canli, T., Zhao, Z., Brewer, J., Gabrieli, J. D., & Cahill, L. (2000). Event-related activation in the human amygdala associates with late memory for individual emotional experience. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20(19), RC99.
  • Choi, H.-Y., Kensinger, E. A., & Rajaram, S. (2013). Emotional content enhances true but not false memory for categorized stimuli. Memory & Cognition, 41, 403–415. doi: 10.3758/s13421-012-0269-2
  • Clark-Foos, A., & Marsh, R. L. (2008). Recognition memory for valenced and arousing materials under conditions of divided attention. Memory, 16(5), 530–537. doi: 10.1080/09658210802007493
  • Cordon, I. M., Melinder, A. M. D., Goodman, G. S., & Edelstein, R. S. (2013). Children’s and adults’ memory for emotional pictures: Examining age-related patterns using the developmental affective photo system. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 114(2), 339–356. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.004
  • Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17–22. doi: 10.1037/h0046671
  • Dehon, H., Larøi, F., & Van der Linden, M. (2010). Affective valence influences participants susceptibility to false memories and illusory recollection. Emotion, 10, 627–639. doi: 10.1037/a0019595
  • Dolan, R. J., & Vuilleumier, P. (2003). Amygdala automaticity in emotional processing. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985(1), 348–355. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07093.x
  • Dolcos, F., LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2004). Interaction between the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system predicts better memory for emotional events. Neuron, 42, 855–863. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00289-2
  • Dolcos, F., LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2005). Remembering one year later: Role of the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system in retrieving emotional memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(7), 2626–2631. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409848102
  • Dougal, S., Phelps, E., & Davachi, L. (2007). The role of medial temporal lobe in item recognition and source recollection of emotional stimuli. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(3), 233–242. doi: 10.3758/CABN.7.3.233
  • Dougal, S., & Rotello, C. M. (2007). “Remembering” emotional words is based on response bias, not recollection. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14(3), 423–429. doi: 10.3758/BF03194083
  • El Sharkawy, J., Groth, K., Vetter, C., Beraldi, A., & Fast, K. (2008). False memories of emotional and neutral words. Behavioural Neurology, 19, 7–11. doi: 10.1155/2008/587239
  • Fernandez-Rey, J., & Redondo, J. (2007). Recognition memory for pictorial stimuli: Biasing effect of stimulus emotionality. Psicothema, 19(3), 375–380.
  • Galli, G., Griffiths, V. A., & Otten, L. J. (2014). Emotion regulation modulates anticipatory brain activity that predicts emotional memory encoding in women. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9, 378–384. doi: 10.1093/scan/nss145
  • Gallo, D. A., Foster, K. T., & Johnson, E. L. (2009). Elevated false recollection of emotional pictures in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 24(4), 981–988. doi: 10.1037/a0017545
  • Gavazzeni, J., Andersson, T., Bäckman, L., Wiens, S., & Fischer, H. (2012). Age, gender and arousal in recognition of negative and neutral pictures 1 year later. Psychology and Aging, 27(4), 1039–1052. doi: 10.1037/a0027946
  • Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Grider, R. L., & Malmberg, K. J. (2008). Discriminating between changes in bias and changes in accuracy for recognition memory of emotional stimuli. Memory and Cognition, 36(5), 933–946. doi: 10.3758/MC.36.5.933
  • Groch, S., Wilhelm, I., Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2013). The role of REM sleep in the processing of emotional memories: Evidence from behavior and event-related potentials. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 99, 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.10.006
  • Grühn, D., Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (2005). No aging bias favoring memory for positive material: Evidence from a heterogeneity-homogeneity list paradigm using emotionally toned words. Psychology and Aging, 20(4), 579–588. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.579
  • Guerin, S. A., & Miller, M. B. (2008). Semantic organization of study materials has opposite effects on recognition and recall. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 15(2), 302–308. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.2.302
  • Hamann, S. B. (2001). Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 394–400. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01707-1
  • Howe, M. L., Candel, L., Otgaar, H., Malone, C., & Wimmer, M. C. (2010). Valence and the development of immediate and long-term false memory illusions. Memory, 18, 58–75. doi: 10.1080/09658210903476514
  • Humphreys, L., Underwood, G., & Chapman, P. (2010). Enhanced memory for emotional pictures: A product of increased attention to affective stimuli? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 22(8), 1235–1247. doi: 10.1080/09541440903427487
  • Jacoby, L. L., & Dallas, M. (1981). On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 306–340. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.110.3.306
  • Kang, C., Wang, Z., Surina, A., & Lü, W. (2014). Immediate emotion-enhanced memory dependent on arousal and valence: The role of automatic and controlled processing. Acta Psychologica, 150, 153–160. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.05.008
  • Kapucu, A., Rotello, C. M., Ready, R. E., & Seidl, K. N. (2008). Response bias in “remembering” emotional stimuli: A new perspective on age differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(3), 703–711. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.3.703
  • Kensinger, E. A. (2009a). Remembering the details: Effects of emotion. Emotion Review, 1(2), 99–113. doi: 10.1177/1754073908100432
  • Kensinger, E. A. (2009b). What factors need to be considered to understand emotional memories? Emotion Review, 1(2), 120–121. doi: 10.1177/1754073908100436
  • Kensinger, E. A., & Corkin, S. (2004). Two routes to emotional memory: Distinct neural processes for valence and arousal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(9), 3310–3315. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0306408101
  • Kensinger, E. A., & Schacter, D. L. (2006). Amygdala activity is associated with the successful encoding of item, but not source, information for positive and negative stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(9), 2564–2570. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5241-05.2006
  • Kensinger, E. A., & Schacter, D. L. (2008). Memory and emotion. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), The handbook of emotion (3rd ed., pp. 601–617). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2006). Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory. Nature, 7, 54–64.
  • Landauer, T. K., Foltz, P. W., & Laham, D. (1998). An introduction to latent semantic analysis. Discourse Processes, 25, 259–284. doi: 10.1080/01638539809545028
  • Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2005). International affective picture system (IAPS): Digitalized photographs, instruction manual and affective ratings (Tech. rep. A-6). Gainesville: University of Florida, Center for Research in Psychophysiology.
  • Leal, S. L., Tighe, S. K., & Yassa, M. A. (2014). Asymmetric effects of emotion on mnemonic interference. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 111, 41–48. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.02.013
  • Loftus, E. F., Loftus, G. R., & Messo, J. (1987). Some facts about “weapon focus”. Law and Human Behavior, 11, 55–62. doi: 10.1007/BF01044839
  • Mackiewicz, K. L., Sarinopoulos, I., Cleven, K. L., & Nitschke, J. B. (2006). The effect of anticipation and the specificity of sex differences for amygdala and hippocampus function in emotional memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(38), 14200–14205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0601648103
  • Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2005). Detection theory: A user’s guide (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Maddox, G. B., Naveh-Benjamin, M., Old, S., & Kilb, A. (2012). The role of attention in the associative binding of emotionally arousing words. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 19, 1128–1134. doi: 10.3758/s13423-012-0315-x
  • Maratos, E. J., Allan, K., & Rugg, M. D. (2000). Recognition memory for emotionally negative and neutral words: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 38(11), 1452–1465. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00061-0
  • Mather, M., & Sutherland, M. R. (2011). Arousal-biased competition in perception and memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(2), 114–133. doi: 10.1177/1745691611400234
  • McGaugh, J. L. (2004). The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 1–28. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144157
  • McNeely, H. E., Dywan, J., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2004). ERP indices of emotionality and semantic cohesiveness during recognition judgments. Psychophysiology, 41, 117–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2003.00137.x
  • Mickley Steinmetz, K. R., & Kensinger, E. A. (2009). The effects of valence and arousal on the neural activity leading to subsequent memory. Psychophysiology, 46, 1190–1199. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00868.x
  • Newsome, R. N., Dulas, M. R., & Duarte, A. (2012). The effects of aging on emotion-induced modulations of source retrieval ERPs: Evidence for valence biases. Neuropsychologia, 50, 3370–3384. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.024
  • Nishida, M., Pearsall, J., Buckner, R., & Walker, M. P. (2009). REM sleep, prefrontal theta, and the consolidation of human emotional memory. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 1158–1166. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn155
  • Ochsner, K. N. (2000). Are affective events richly recollected or simply familiar? The experience and process of recognizing feelings past. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(2), 242–261. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.129.2.242
  • Pérez-Mata, N., López-Martín, S., Albert, J., Carretié, L., & Tapia, M. (2012). Recognition of emotional pictures: Behavioural and electrophysiological measures. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24(3), 256–277. doi: 10.1080/20445911.2011.613819
  • Prehn-Kristensen, A., Munz, M., Molzow, I., Wilhelm, I., Wiesner, D. D., & Baving, L. (2013). Sleep promotes consolidation of emotional memory in healthy children but not in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One, 8(5), e65098. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065098
  • Rajaram, S., & Geraci, L. (2000). Conceptual fluency selectively influences knowing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(4), 1070–1074. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.26.4.1070
  • Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1995). Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences, 7, 1–75. doi: 10.1016/1041-6080(95)90031-4
  • Richardson, M. P., Strange, B. A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004). Encoding of emotional memories depends on amygdala and hippocampus and their interactions. Nature Neuroscience, 7(3), 278–285. doi: 10.1038/nn1190
  • Ritchey, M., Dolcos, F., & Cabeza, R. (2008). Role of amygdala connectivity in the persistence of emotional memories over time: An event-related fMRI investigation. Cerebral Cortex, 18(11), 2494–2504. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhm262
  • Ritchey, M., LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2011). Level of processing modulates the neural correlates of emotional memory formation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(4), 757–771. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21487
  • Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803–814. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
  • Rotello, C. M., Heit, E., & Dubé, C. (2015). When more data steer us wrong: Replications with the wrong dependent measure perpetuate erroneous conclusions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 944–954. doi: 10.3758/s13423-014-0759-2
  • Schacter, D. L., Israel, L., & Racine, C. (1999). Suppressing false recognition in younger and older adults: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 1–24. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1998.2611
  • Schmidt, K., Patnaik, P., & Kensinger, E. A. (2011). Emotion’s influence on memory for spatial and temporal context. Cognition & Emotion, 25(2), 229–243. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2010.483123
  • Smith, R. E., Hunt, R. R., & Dunlap, K. R. (2015). Why do pictures, but not visual words, reduce older adults’ false memories? Psychology and Aging, 30(3), 647–655. doi: 10.1037/pag0000044
  • Sommer, T., Glascher, J., Moritz, S., & Buchel, C. (2008). Emotional enhancement effect of memory: Removing the influence of cognitive factors. Learning & Memory, 15, 569–573. doi: 10.1101/lm.995108
  • Talmi, D. (2013). Enhanced emotional memory: Cognitive and neural mechanisms. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(6), 430–436. doi: 10.1177/0963721413498893
  • Talmi, D., Anderson, A. K., Riggs, L., Caplan, J. B., & Moscovitch, M. (2008). Immediate memory consequences of the effect of emotion on attention to pictures. Learning & Memory, 15, 172–182. doi: 10.1101/lm.722908
  • Talmi, D., Luk, B., McGarry, L. M., & Moscovitch, M. (2007). The contribution of relatedness and distinctiveness to emotionally-enhanced memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 56, 555–574. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.01.002
  • Talmi, D., & Moscovitch, M. (2004). Can semantic relatedness explain the enhancement of memory for emotional words? Memory & Cognition, 32(5), 742–751. doi: 10.3758/BF03195864
  • Thapar, A., & Rouder, J. N. (2009). Aging and recognition memory for emotional words: A bias account. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(4), 699–704. doi: 10.3758/PBR.16.4.699
  • Verde, M. F., Stone, L. K., Hatch, H. S., & Schnall, S. (2010). Distinguishing between attributional and mnemonic sources of familiarity: The case of positive emotion bias. Memory & Cognition, 38(2), 142–153. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.2.142
  • Wang, B. (2014). Effect of time delay on recognition memory for pictures: The modulatory role of emotion. PLoS One, 9(6), e100238. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100238
  • Wang, H., Ma, N., Yu, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, K., & Zhang, D. (2010). Is the contribution of the amygdala to the sex- and enhancement-related effects of emotional memory time-dependent? Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 93, 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.07.009
  • Weymar, M., Löw, A., & Hamm, A. O. (2011). Emotional memories are resilient to time: Evidence from the parietal ERP old/new effect. Human Brain Mapping, 32, 632–640. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21051
  • Weymar, M., Löw, A., Melzig, C. A., & Hamm, A. O. (2009). Enhanced long-term recollection for emotional pictures: Evidence from high-density ERPs. Psychophysiology, 46(6), 1200–1207. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00869.x
  • White, C. N., Kapucu, A., Bruno, D., Rotello, C. M., & Ratcliff, R. (2014). Memory bias for negative emotional words in recognition memory is driven by effects of category membership. Cognition and Emotion, 28(5), 867–880. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2013.858028
  • Whittlesea, W. A., Jacoby, L. L., & Girard, K. (1990). Illusions of immediate memory: Evidence of an attributional basis for feelings of familiarity and perceptual quality. Journal of Memory and Language, 29(6), 716–732. doi: 10.1016/0749-596X(90)90045-2
  • Windmann, S., & Kutas, M. (2001). Electrophysiological correlates of emotion-induced recognition bias. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 577–592. doi: 10.1162/089892901750363172
  • Wirkner, J., Weymar, M., Löw, A., & Hamm, A. O. (2013). Effects of pre-encoding stress on brain correlates associated with the long-term memory for emotional scenes. PLoS One, 8(9), e68212. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068212

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.