The (lack of) effect of dynamic visual noise on the concreteness effect in short-term memory

References

• Acheson, D. J., & MacDonald, M. C. (2009). Verbal working memory and language production: Common approaches to the serial ordering of verbal information. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 50–68. doi: 10.1037/a0014411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acheson, D. J., Postle, B. R., & MacDonald, M. C. (2010). The interaction of concreteness and phonological similarity in verbal working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 17–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, R., & Hulme, C. (2006). Speech and language processing mechanisms in verbal serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 64–88. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2006.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade, J., Kemps, E., Werniers, Y., May, J., & Szmalec, A. (2002). Insensitivity of visual short-term memory to irrelevant visual information. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 55, 753–774. doi: 10.1080/02724980143000541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2, pp. 89–195). New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Avons, S. E., & Sestieri, C. (2005). Dynamic visual noise: No interference with visual short-term memory or the construction of visual images. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 405–424. doi: 10.1080/09541440440000104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D., & Andrade, J. (2000). Working memory and the vividness of imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(1), 126–145. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.129.1.126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47–90). New York: Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Binder, J. R., Westbury, C. F., McKiernan, K. A., Possing, E. T., & Medler, D. A. (2005). Distinct brain systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(6), 905–917. doi: 10.1162/0898929054021102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourassa, D. C., & Besner, D. (1994). Beyond the articulatory loop: A semantic contribution to serial order recall of subspan lists. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(1), 122–125. doi: 10.3758/BF03200768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. J. (1999). Memory for serial order: A network model of the phonological loop and its timing. Psychological Review, 106, 551–581. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.551
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campoy, G., & Baddeley, A. (2008). Phonological and semantic strategies in immediate serial recall. Memory, 16, 329–340. doi: 10.1080/09658210701867302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campoy, G., Castellà, J., Provencio, V., Hitch, G., & Baddeley, A. D. (2015). Automatic semantic encoding in verbal short-term memory: Evidence from the concreteness effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, 759–778. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.966248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan, N. (1995). Attention and memory: An integrated framework. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cowan, N. (2010). The magical mystery four: How is working memory capacity limited, and why? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 51–57. doi: 10.1177/0963721409359277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean, G. M., Dewhurst, S. A., Morris, P. E., & Whittaker, A. (2005). Selective interference with the use of visual images in the symbolic distance paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 1043–1068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fliessbach, K., Weis, S., Klaver, P., Elger, C. E., & Weber, B. (2006). The effect of word concreteness on recognition memory. Neuroimage, 32, 1413–1421. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, P. (2009). A computational model of nonword repetition, immediate serial recall, and nonword learning. In A. Thorn & M. Page (Eds.), Interactions between short-term and long-term memory in the verbal domain (pp. 108–135). Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, P., Jefferies, E., Ehsan, S., Jones, R. W., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2009). Semantic memory is key to binding phonology: Converging evidence from immediate serial recall in semantic dementia and healthy participants. Neuropsychologia, 47, 747–760. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulme, C., Roodenrys, S., Schweickert, R., Brown, G. D. A., Martin, S., & Stuart, G. (1997). Word frequency effects on short-term memory tasks: Evidence for a redintegration process in immediate serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1217–1232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JASP Team. (2018). JASP (version 0.8.6) [Computer software].
   Google Scholar
• Jefferies, E., Frankish, C., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2006). Lexical and semantic influences on item and order memory in immediate serial recognition: Evidence from a novel task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 949–964. doi: 10.1080/02724980543000141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logie, R. H. (2003). Spatial and visual working memory: A mental workspace. In B. H. Ross & D. E. Irwin (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Cognitive vision (Vol. 42, pp. 37–78). New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Logie, R. H., Della Sala, S., Laiacona, M., Chalmers, P., & Wynn, V. (1996). Group aggregates and individual reliability: The case of verbal short-term memory. Memory & Cognition, 24, 305–321. doi: 10.3758/BF03213295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majerus, S. (2009). Verbal short-term memory and temporary activation of language representations: The importance of distinguishing item and order information. In A. S. C. Thorn & M. P. A. Page (Eds.), Interactions between short-term and long-term memory in the verbal domain (pp. 244–276). Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, J., & Quinn, J. G. (2000). Interference in visual working memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 53, 53–67. doi: 10.1080/713755873
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McConnell, J., & Quinn, J. G. (2004). Complexity factors in visuo-spatial working memory. Memory, 12, 338–350. doi: 10.1080/09658210344000035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monnier, C., & Syssau, A. (2008). Semantic contribution to verbal short-term memory: Are pleasant words easier to remember than neutral words in serial recall and serial recognition? Memory & Cognition, 36(1), 35–42. doi: 10.3758/MC.36.1.35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morey, R. D., & Rouder, J. N. (2015). BayesFactor (version 0.9.10-2) [Computer software].
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, A. B., Rosenbaum, G. M., Fair, D., & Chein, J. M. (2016). Variation in strategy use across measures of verbal working memory. Memory & Cognition, 44, 922–936. doi: 10.3758/s13421-016-0608-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdock, B. B.Jr. (1976). Item and order information in short-term serial memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 191–216. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.105.2.191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., & Kelley, M. R. (2004). Separating item and order information through process dissociation. Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 113–133. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2003.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 411–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberauer, K. (2009). Design for a working memory. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 51, pp. 45–100). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Paivio, A., Walsh, M., & Bons, T. (1994). Concreteness effects on memory: When and why? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 1196–1204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paivio, A., Yuille, J. C., & Madigan, S. A. (1968). Concreteness imagery, and meaningfulness values for 925 nouns. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Supplement, 76(1), 1–25. doi: 10.1037/h0025327
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paivio, A., Yuille, J. C., & Smythe, P. C. (1966). Stimulus and response abstractness, imagery, and meaningfulness, and reported mediators in paired-associate learning. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 20, 362–377. doi: 10.1037/h0082949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, A., & Dagnall, N. (2009). Concreteness effects revisited: The influence of dynamic visual noise on memory for concrete and abstract words. Memory, 17, 397–410. doi: 10.1080/09658210902802967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, K. E., Graham, N., & Hodges, J. R. (1994). The impact of semantic memory loss on phonological representations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 57–69. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.1.57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, J., & Daum, I. (2008). Differential effects of normal aging on recollection of concrete and abstract words. Neuropsychology, 22, 255–261. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, J. G., & McConnell, J. (1996). Irrelevant pictures in visual working memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 49, 200–215. doi: 10.1080/713755613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, J. G., & McConnell, J. (2006). The interval for interference in conscious visual imagery. Memory (Hove, England), 14(2), 241–252. doi: 10.1080/09658210500210019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, J. T. E. (2003). Dual coding versus relational processing in memory for concrete and abstract words. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 15, 481–509. doi: 10.1080/09541440244000256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche, J., Tolan, G. A., & Tehan, G. (2011). Concreteness effects in short-term memory: A test of the item-order hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 245–253. doi: 10.1037/a0024693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romani, C., McAlpine, S., & Martin, R. C. (2008). Concreteness effects in different tasks: Implications for models of short-term memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 292–323. doi: 10.1080/17470210601147747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roodenrys, S., & Quinlan, P. T. (2000). The effects of stimulus set size and word frequency on verbal serial recall. Memory, 8, 71–78. doi: 10.1080/096582100387623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Speckman, P. L., & Province, J. M. (2012). Default Bayes factors for ANOVA designs. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 56, 356–374. doi: 10.1016/j.jmp.2012.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruchkin, D. S., Grafman, J., Cameron, K., & Berndt, R. S. (2003). Working memory retention systems: A state of activated long-term memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26, 709–728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savill, N., Ellis, A. W., & Jefferies, E. (2017). Newly-acquired words are more phonologically robust in verbal short-term memory when they have associated semantic representations. Neuropsychologia, 98, 85–97. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime user’s guide. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Schwanenflugel, P. J., & Shoben, E. J. (1983). Differential context effects in the comprehension of abstract and concrete verbal materials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 82–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweickert, R. (1993). A multinomial processing tree model for degradation and redintegration in immediate recall. Memory & Cognition, 21, 168–175. doi: 10.3758/BF03202729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebastián, N., Martí, M. A., Carreiras, M., & Cuetos, F. (2000). LEXESP. Léxico informatizado del español. Barcelona: Ediciones de la Universidad de Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• St Clair-Thompson, H. L., & Allen, R. J. (2013). Are forward and backward recall the same? A dual-task study of digit recall. Memory and Cognition, 41, 519–532. doi: 10.3758/s13421-012-0277-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strain, E., Patterson, K. E., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1995). Semantic effects in single-word naming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 1140–1154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehan, G., & Humphreys, M. S. (1988). Articulatory loop explanations of memory span and pronunciation rate correspondences: A cautionary note. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 26, 293–296. doi: 10.3758/BF03337662
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toms, M., Morris, N., & Foley, P. (1994). Characteristics of visual interference with visuospatial working memory. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 131–144. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1994.tb02513.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueno, T., & Saito, S. (2013). The role of visual representations within working memory for paired-associate and serial order of spoken words. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(9), 1858–1872. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2013.772645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenmakers, E. J., Love, J., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Ly, A., Verhagen, J., … Meerhoff, F. (2018). Bayesian inference for psychology. Part II: Example applications with JASP. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 25, 58–76. doi: 10.3758/s13423-017-1323-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenmakers, E. J., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Ly, A., Verhagen, J., Love, J., … Matzke, D. (2018). Bayesian inference for psychology. Part I: Theoretical advantages and practical ramifications. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 25, 35–57. doi: 10.3758/s13423-017-1343-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, I., & Hulme, C. (1999). Concrete words are easier to recall than abstract: Evidence for a semantic contribution to short-term serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 1256–1271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar