Distinctiveness and priority in free recall of words

References

• Andre, T. (1975). The priority in recall of new items effect: A strategy model. The Journal of General Psychology, 92(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1975.9710843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battig, W. F., Allen, M., & Jensen, A. R. (1965). Priority of free recall of newly learned items. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 4(3), 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(65)80017-2.
   Google Scholar
• Bellezza, F. S., & Hofstetter, G. P. (1974). Isolation, serial position, and rehearsal in free recall. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 3(5-A), 362–364. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03333498.
   Google Scholar
• Bireta, T. J., & Mazzei, C. M. (2016). Does the isolation effect require attention? Memory & Cognition, 44(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-015-0538-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjork, R. A., Bjork, E. L., & Caughey, B. J. (2007). Retrieval as a self-limiting process: Part 2. In J. S. Nairne (Ed.), The foundations of remembering: Essays in honor of Henry L. Roediger, III (pp. 19–37). Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bone, R. N., & Goulet, L. R. (1968). Serial position and the von Restorff isolation effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(3, Pt.1), 494–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025505.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bui, D., Friedman, M., McDonough, I., & Castel, A. (2013). False memory and importance: Can we prioritize encoding without consequence? Memory & Cognition, 41(7), 1012–1020. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0317-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castel, A., Benjamin, A., Craik, F., & Watkins, M. (2002). The effects of aging on selectivity and control in short-term recall. Memory & Cognition, 30(7), 1078–1085. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castel, A. D., McGillivray, S., & Friedman, M. C. (2012). Metamemory and memory efficiency in older adults: Learning about the benefits of priority processing and value-directed remembering. In M. Naveh-Benjamin & N. Ohta (Eds.), Memory and aging: Current issues and future directions (pp. 245–270). Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, M. S., Rissman, J., Suthana, N. A., Castel, A. D., & Knowlton, B. J. (2014). Value-based modulation of memory encoding involves strategic engagement of fronto-temporal semantic processing regions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(2), 578–592. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0275-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eich, T. S., & Castel, A. D. (2016). The cognitive control of emotional versus value-based information in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 31(5), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, B. L., McClure, S. M., & Brewer, G. A. (2020). Individual differences in value-directed remembering. Cognition, 201, N.PAG. https://doi-org.ezproxy.mtsu.edu/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104275.
   Google Scholar
• Fisk, A. D., & Wickens, D. D. (1979). On the locus of the Tulving retrograde amnesia effect. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 14(1), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03329383.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, M. C., & Castel, A. D. (2013). Memory, priority encoding, and overcoming high-value proactive interference in younger and older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 20(6), 660–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2012.762083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geraci, L., & Manzano, I. (2010). Distinctive items are salient during encoding: Delayed judgements of learning predict the isolation effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210902790161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, R. T. (1956). Surprise as a factor in the von Restorff effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52(5), 340–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047496.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guynn, M. J., & Roediger, H. L. (1995). High-priority event instructions affect implicit and explicit memory tests. Psychological Research, 57(3-4), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00431280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessee, J. P., Castel, A. D., & Knowlton, B. J. (2017). Recognizing what matters: Value improves recognition by selectively enhancing recollection. Journal of Memory and Language, 94, 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.12.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessee, J. P., Patterson, T. K., Castel, A. D., & Knowlton, B. J. (2019). Forget me not: Encoding processes in value-directed remembering. Journal of Memory and Language, 106, 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, I. N., & Wille, C. (1979). The von Restorff isolation effect in free recall. The Journal of General Psychology, 101(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03214414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, R. R. (1995). The subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03214414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, R. R. (2006). The concept of distinctiveness in memory research. In R. R. Hunt & J. B. Worthen (Eds.), Distinctiveness and memory (pp. 3–25). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169669.003.0001.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, R. R., & Lamb, C. A. (2001). What causes the isolation effect? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(6), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.6.1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, R. R., & Mitchell, D. B. (1982). Independent effects of semantic and nonsemantic distinctiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8(1), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.8.1.81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley, M. R., & Nairne, J. S. (2001). Von Restorff revisited: Isolation, generation, and memory for order. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(1), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.1.54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kučera, H., & Francis, W. (1967). Computational analysis of present day American English. Brown University Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.5090190414.
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163–203. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middlebrooks, C. D., Murayama, K., & Castel, A. D. (2016). The value in rushing: Memory and selectivity when short on time. Acta Psychologica, 170, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.06.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S. (1990). A feature model of immediate memory. Memory & Cognition, 18(3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03213879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz, F. M., & Andrews, S. R. (1973). Intentional and incidental learning in children and the von Restorff effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 100(2), 315–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035684.
   Google Scholar
• Roediger, H. L., & Schmidt, S. R. (1980). Output interference in the recall of categorized and paired-associate lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Learning & Memory, 691–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.6.1.91.
   Google Scholar
• Rundus, D. (1971). Analysis of rehearsal processes in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031185.
   Google Scholar
• Saufley, W. J., & Winograd, E. (1970). Retrograde amnesia and priority instructions in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 85(1), 150–152. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029538.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmidt, S. R. (1985). Encoding and retrieval processes in the memory for conceptually distinctive events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11(3), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.11.3.565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. R. (1991). Can we have a distinctive theory of memory? Memory & Cognition, 19(6), 523–542. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. R. (2008). Distinctiveness and memory: A theoretical and empirical review. In H. L. Roediger III (Ed.), Cognitive psychology of memory, Vol. 2 of J. Byrne (Ed.), learning and memory: A Comprehensive Reference (pp. 125–144). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. R. (2012). Extraordinary memories for exceptional events. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203143018.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. R., & Schmidt, C. R. (2015). Inattentional blindness and the von Restorff effect. Memory & Cognition, 43(2), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-014-0459-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. R., & Schmidt, C. R. (2016). The emotional carryover effect in memory for words. Memory (Hove, England), 24(7), 916–938. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2015.1059859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. R., & Schmidt, C. R. (2017). Revisiting von Restorff's early isolation effect. Memory & Cognition, 45(2), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0651-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, L. S. (1971). Effects of high-priority events on recall and recognition of other events. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 10(3), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(71)80062-2.
   Google Scholar
• Schulz, L. S., & Straub, R. B. (1972). Effects of high-priority events on recognition of adjacent items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 95(2), 467–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0033668.
   Google Scholar
• Sikström, S. (2006). The isolation, primacy, and recency effects predicted by an adaptive LTD/LTP threshold in postsynaptic cells. Cognitive Science, 30(2), 243–275. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanidi, A., Ellis, D. M., & Brewer, G. A. (2018). Free recall dynamics in value-directed remembering. Journal of Memory and Language, 100, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmetz, J. I., & Battig, W. F. (1969). Clustering and priority of free recall of newly learned items in children. Developmental Psychology, 1(5), 503–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroop, J. R. (1938). Factors affecting speed in serial verbal reactions. Psychological Monographs, 50(5), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093516.
   Google Scholar
• Tulving, E. (1969). Retrograde amnesia in free recall. Science, 164(3875), 88–90. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3875.88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving, E., & Pearlstone, Z. (1966). Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5(4), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80048-8.
   Google Scholar
• Van Overschelde, J. P., Rawson, K. A., & Dunlosky, J. (2004). Category norms: An updated and expanded version of the Battig and Montague (1969) norms. Journal of Memory and Language, 50(3), 289–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2003.10.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Restorff, H. (1933). Uber die Virkung von Bereichsbildungen im Spurenfeld. Psychologie Forschung, 18, 299–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02409636.
   Google Scholar
• Waddill, P. J., & McDaniel, M. A. (1998). Distinctiveness effects in recall: Differential processing or privileged retrieval? Memory & Cognition, 26(1), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins, O. C., & Watkins, M. J. (1975). Buildup of proactive inhibition as a cue-overload effect.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1(4), 442–452. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.1.4.442.
   Google Scholar
• Waugh, N. C. (1969). Free recall of conspicuous items. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8(4), 448–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80088-5.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. (1988). MRC psycholinguistic database: Machine-usable dictionary, Version 2.00. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 20(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03202594.
   Google Scholar