References
- Anderson, M., & Green, C. (2001). Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control. Nature, 410, 366–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/35066572
- Benton, T. R., Ross, D. F., Bradshaw, E., Thomas, W. N., & Bradshaw, G. S. (2006). Eyewitness memory is still not common sense: Comparing jurors, judges and law enforcement to eyewitness experts. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 115–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1171
- Brewin, C. R., & Andrews, B. (2017). Creating memories for false autobiographical events in childhood: A systematic review. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 31, 2–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3220
- Brewin, C. R., Li, H., Ntarantana, V., Unsworth, C., & McNeilis, J. (2019). Is the public understanding of memory prone to widespread “myths”? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148, 2245–2257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000610
- Burnett, R., Hoyle, C., & Speechley, N.-E. (2017). The context and impact of being wrongly accused of abuse in occupations of trust. The Howard Journal, 56, 176–197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12199
- Castelli, P., & Goodman, G. S. (2014). Children's perceived emotional behavior at disclosure and prosecutors’ evaluations. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1521–1532. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.010
- Conway, M. A., & Dewhurst, S. A. (1995). Remembering, familiarity, and source monitoring. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 48, 125–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749508401380
- Dodier, O., Gilet, A., & Colombel, F. (in press). What do people really think of when they claim to believe in repressed memory? Methodological middle ground and applied issues. Memory. Manuscript accepted for publication.
- Dodier, O., Patihis, L., & Payoux, M. (2019). Reports of recovered memories of childhood abuse in therapy in France. Memory, 27, 1283–1298. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1652654
- Ellenberger, H. (1970). The discovery of the unconscious. Basic Books.
- Erdeyly, M. H. (2006). The unified theory of repression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 499–551. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X06009113
- Houben, S. T. L., Otgaar, H., Roelofs, J., Wessel, I., Patihis, L., & Merckelbach, H. (2019). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) practitioners’ beliefs about memory. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000211
- Kube, T., & Rozenkrantz, L. (2020). When beliefs face reality: An integrative review of belief updating in mental health and illness. Perspectives on Psychological Science. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620931496
- Laney, C., & Loftus, E. F. (2008). Emotional content of true and false memories. Memory (Hove, England), 16, 500–516. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210802065939
- Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and its correction: Continued influence and successful debiasing. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13, 106–131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612451018
- Lilienfeld, S. O., Ritschel, L. A., Lynn, S. J., Cautin, R. L., & Latzman, R. D. (2013). Why many clinical psychologists are resistant to evidence-based practice: Root causes and constructive remedies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 883–900. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.008
- Lindsay, D. S., & Read, J. D. (1995). “Memory work” and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: Scientific evidence, and public, professionals, and personal issues. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 1, 846–908. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1348/135532508X298559
- Loftus, E. F. (1994). The repressed memory controversy. American Psychologist, 49, 443–445. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.5.443.b
- Loftus, E. F. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory. Learning & Memory, 12, 361–366. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.94705
- Loftus, E. F., & Davis, D. (2006). Recovered memories. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 469–498. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095315
- Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1996). The myth of repressed memory: False memories and allegations of sexual abuse. Macmillan.
- Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, J. E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25, 720–725. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-07
- McNally, R. J. (2003). Remembering trauma. Belknap Press/Harvard University Press.
- McNally, R. J. (2005). Debunking myths about trauma and memory. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 50, 817–822. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370505001302
- McNally, R. J., & Geraerts, E. (2009). A new solution to the recovered memory debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 126–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01112.x
- Merckelbach, H., Dekkers, T., Wessel, I., & Roefs, A. (2003). Amnesia, flashbacks, nightmares, and dissociation in aging concentration camp survivors. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 351–360. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00019-0
- Merckelbach, H., & Wessel, I. (1998). Assumptions of students and psychotherapists about memory. Psychological Reports, 82, 763–770. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.763
- Odinot, G., Boon, R., & Wolters, L. (2015). Het episodisch geheugen en getuigenverhoor. Wat weten politieverhoorders hiervan? [Episodic memory and eyewitness interviewing. What do police interviewers know about this?]. Tijdschrift Voor Criminologie, 57, 279–299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5553/TvC/0165182X2016058003004
- Ost, J. (2003). Seeking the middle ground in the ‘memory wars’. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 125–139. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1348/000712603762842156
- Ost, J., Blank, H., Davies, J., Jones, G., Lambert, K., & Salmon, K. (2013). False memory ≠ false memory: DRM errors are unrelated to the misinformation effect. PLoS ONE, 8, e57939. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057939
- Ost, J., Easton, S., Hope, L., French, C. C., & Wright, D. B. (2017). Latent variables underlying the memory beliefs of chartered clinical psychologists, hypnotherapists, and undergraduates. Memory (Hove, England), 25, 57–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2015.1125927
- Ost, J., Wright, D. B., Easton, S., Hope, L., & French, C. C. (2013). Recovered memories, satanic abuse, dissociative identity disorder and false memories in the UK: A survey of clinical psychologists and hypnotherapists. Psychology, Crime & Law, 19, 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2011.598157
- Otgaar, H., & Candel, I. (2011). Children's false memories: Different false memory paradigms reveal different results. Psychology, Crime & Law, 17, 513–528. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160903373392
- Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., Dodier, O., Lilienfeld, S. O., Loftus, E. F., Lynn, S. J., Merckelbach, H., & Patihis, L. (in press). Belief in unconscious repressed memory persists. Perspectives on Psychological Science.
- Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., Patihis, L., Merckelbach, H., Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Loftus, E. F. (2019). The return of the repressed: The persistent and problematic claims of long-forgotten trauma. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14, 1072–1095. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619862306
- Otgaar, H., Wang, J., Dodier, O., Howe, M. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Loftus, E. F., Lynn, S. J., Merckelbach, H., & Patihis, L. (2020). Skirting the issue: What does believing in repression mean? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149, 2005–2006. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000982
- Patihis, L., Ho, L. Y., Tingen, I. W., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Loftus, E. F. (2014). Are the “memory wars” over? A scientist-practitioner gap in beliefs about memory. Psychological Science, 25, 519–530. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613510718
- Patihis, L., Ho, L. Y., Loftus, E. F., & Herrera, M. E. (2018). Memory experts' beliefs about repressed memory. Memory. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1532521
- Patihis, L., & Pendergrast, M. (2019). Reports of recovered memories of abuse in therapy in a large age-representative U.S. National sample: Therapy type and decade comparisons. Clinical Psychological Science, 7, 3–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702618773315
- Petty, R. E., & Brinol, P. (2008). Persuasion: From single to multiple to metacognitive processes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 137–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00071.x
- Porter, S., Yuille, J. C., & Lehman, D. R. (1999). The nature of real, implanted, and fabricated memories for emotional childhood events: Implications for the recovered memory debate. Law and Human Behavior, 23, 517–537. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022344128649
- Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition, 21, 89–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211168
- Rumney, P. N. S., & McCartan, K. F. (2017). Purported false allegations of rape, child abuse and non-sexual violence: Nature, characteristics and implications. The Journal of Criminal Law, 81, 497–520. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022018317746789
- Sauerland, M., Otgaar, H., Maegherman, E. F. L., & Sagana, A. (2020). Allegiance bias in statement reliability evaluations is not eliminated by falsification instructions. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 228, 210–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000416
- Sayfan, l., Mitchell, E. B., Goodman, G. S., Eisen, M. L., & Qin, J. (2008). Children's expressed emotions when disclosing maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 1026–1036. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.03.004
- Scoboria, A., Wade, K. A., Lindsay, D. S., Azad, T., Strange, D., Ost, J., & Hyman, I. E. (2017). A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies. Memory (Hove, England), 25, 146–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1260747
- Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (2011). What people believe about how memory works: A representative survey of the U.S. Population. PLoS ONE, 6, e22757. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022757
- Thorson, E. (2016). Belief echoes: The persistent effects of corrected misinformation. Political Communication, 33, 460–480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2015.1102187
- van der Kolk, B. A., & Fisler, R. (1995). Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 505–525. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02102887
- Wagenaar, W. A., & Groeneweg, J. (1990). The memory of concentration camp survivors. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 77–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2350040202
- Walter, N., & Tukachinsky, R. (2020). A meta-analytic examination of the continued influence of misinformation in the face of correction: How powerful is it, why does it happen, and how to stop it? Communication Research, 47, 155–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650219854600
- Wessel, I., Albers, C., Zandstra, A. R. E., & Heininga, V. E. (2020). Early attempts at replicating memory suppression with the Think/No-Think task. Memory.
- Yapko, M. D. (1994a). “Suggestibility and repressed memories of abuse: A survey of psychotherapists’ beliefs”: response. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 36, 185–187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1994.10403066
- Yapko, M. D. (1994b). Suggestions of abuse: True and false memories of childhood sexual trauma. Simon & Schuster.