References
- Berntsen, D. (1998). Voluntary and involuntary access to autobiographical memory. Memory, 6(2), 113–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/741942071
- Berntsen, D. (2010). The unbidden past: Involuntary autobiographical memories as a basic mode of remembering. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 138–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410370301
- Berntsen, D. (2015). From everyday life to trauma: Research on everyday involuntary memories advances our understanding of intrusive memories of trauma. In L. A. Watson & D. Berntsen (Eds.), Clinical perspectives on autobiographical memory (pp. 172–196). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139626767.010
- Berntsen, D., & Hall, N. M. (2004). The episodic nature of involuntary autobiographical memories. Memory and Cognition, 32(5), 789–803. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195869
- Carter, J. C., Stewart, D. A., & Fairburn, C. G. (2001). Eating disorder examination questionnaire: Norms for young adolescent girls. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(5), 625–632. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00033-4
- Cash, T. F. (2002). Cognitive-behavioural perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (pp. 38–46). Guilford. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260390218738
- Cash, T. F. (2018). The multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire users’ manual (4th rev.). www.body-images.com
- Conway, M. A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language, 53(4), 594–628. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005
- Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261–288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261
- Davison, T. E., & McCabe, M. P. (2005). Relationships between men's and women's body image and their psychological, social, and sexual functioning. Sex Roles, 52(7–8), 463–475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-3712-z
- Debeer, E., Hermans, D., & Raes, F. (2009). Associations between components of rumination and autobiographical memory specificity as measured by a minimal instructions autobiographical memory test. Memory (Hove, England), 17(8), 892–903. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903376243
- del Palacio-Gonzalez, A., Berntsen, D., & Watson, L. A. (2007). Emotional intensity and emotion regulation in response to autobiographical memories during dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(4), 530–542. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9841-1
- Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (1994). Assessment of eating disorders: Interview or self-report questionnaire? The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(4), 363–370.
- Fallon, E. A., Harris, B. S., & Johnson, P. (2014). Prevalence of body dissatisfaction among a United States adult sample. Eating Behaviors, 15(1), 151–158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.11.007
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
- Förster, J., Friedman, R. S., Özelsel, A., & Denzler, M. (2006). Enactment of approach and avoidance behavior influences the scope of perceptual and conceptual attention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2005.02.004
- Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011). Development of a measure of experiential avoidance: The multidimensional experiential avoidance questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 692–713. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023242
- Gardiner, J. M. (2001). Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: A first–person approach. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 356(1413), 1351–1361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0955
- Gosselin, P., Langlois, F., Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., & Pelletier, O. (2002). Le Questionnaire d’Évitement cognitive (QEC): Développement et validation auprès d’adultes et d’adolescents [The Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ): Development and validation among adult and adolescent samples]. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 12(1), 24–37.
- Griffith, E., Kuyken, W., Watkins, E., & Jones, A. (2015). Do females with bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified have selective memory biases? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43(5), 602–613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465814000058
- Hauer, B. J., Wessel, I., Geraerts, E., Merckelbach, H., & Dalgleish, T. (2008). Autobiographical memory specificity after manipulating retrieval cues in adults reporting childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 444–453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.444
- Hayes, A. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.
- Hermans, D., Pieters, G., & Eelen, P. (1998). Implicit and explicit memory for shape, body weight, and food-related words in patients with anorexia nervosa and nondieting controls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(2), 193–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.193
- Hunt, J., & Cooper, M. (2001). Selective memory bias in women with bulimia nervosa and women with depression. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465801001102
- IBM Corp. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26.0). [Computer software].
- JASP Team. (2020). JASP (Version 0.12.2) [Computer software].
- Lader, M. H., & Wing, L. (1966). Physiological measures, sedative drugs and morbid anxiety. Oxford University Press.
- Lakens, D., Scheel, A., & Isager, P. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963
- Luce, K. H., Crowther, J. H., & Pole, M. (2008). Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): Norms for undergraduate women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41(3), 273–276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20504
- Marshall, W. L. (1985). The effects of variable exposure in flooding therapy. Behavior Therapy, 16(2), 117–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80040-X
- Marshall, W. L. (1988). Behaviour therapy. In C. G. Last & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of anxiety disorders (pp. 338–361). Pergamon Press, Inc.
- Moncrieff-Boyd, J., Allen, K., Byrne, S., & Nunn, K. (2014). The self-disgust scale revised version: Validation and relationships with eating disorder symptomatology. Journal of Eating Disorders, 2(S1), O48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-2-S1-O48
- Mond, J. M., Hay, P. J., Rodgers, B., & Owen, C. (2006). Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): Norms for young adult women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.003
- Oaten, M., Stevenson, R. J., & Case, T. I. (2009). Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014823
- Olatunji, B. O., Berg, H. E., & Zhao, Z. (2017). Emotion regulation of fear and disgust: Differential effects of reappraisal and suppression. Cognition and Emotion, 31(2), 403–410. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1110117
- Overton, P. G., Markland, F. E., Taggart, H. S., Bagshaw, G. L., & Simpson, J. (2008). Self-disgust mediates the relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and depressive symptomatology. Emotion, 8(3), 379–385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.379
- Powell, P. A., Simpson, J., & Overton, P. G. (2013). When disgust leads to dysphoria: A three-wave longitudinal study assessing the temporal relationship between self-disgust and depressive symptoms. Cognition and Emotion, 27(5), 900–913. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.767223
- Powell, P. A., Simpson, J., & Overton, P. G. (2015). An introduction to the revolting self: Self-disgust as an emotion schema. In P. A. Powell, P. G. Overton, & J. Simpson (Eds.), The revolting self: Perspectives on the psychological, social, and clinical implications of self-directed disgust (pp. 1–24). Karnac Books. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429483042-1
- Power, M. J., & Dalgleish, T. (2008). Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder (2nd ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1503
- Rozin, P., Haidt, J., & McCauley, C. R. (2000). Disgust. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 637–653). Guilford Press.
- Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0141347300011472
- Schlagman, S., & Kvavilashvili, L. (2008). Involuntary autobiographical memories in and outside the laboratory: How different are they from voluntary autobiographical memories? Memory and Cognition, 36(5), 920–932. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.36.5.920
- Sebastian, S. B., Williamson, D. A., & Blouin, D. C. (1996). Memory bias for fatness stimuli in the eating disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02229238
- Smith, G. P., & Burger, G. K. (1997). Detection of malingering: Validation of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 25(2), 183–189.
- Stasik-O’Brien, S. M., & Schmidt, J. (2018). The role of disgust in body image disturbance: Incremental predictive power of self-disgust. Body Image, 27, 128–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.011
- Tiggemann, M. (2004). Body image across the adult life span: Stability and change. Body Image, 1(1), 29e41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00002e0
- Tulving, E. (2001). Episodic memory and common sense: How far apart? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 356(1413), 1505–1515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0937
- Tybur, J. M., Lieberman, D., & Griskevicius, V. (2009). Microbes, mating, and morality: Individual differences in three functional domains of disgust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015474
- Uzer, T. (2016). Retrieving autobiographical memories: How different retrieval strategies associated with different cues explain reaction time differences. Acta Psychologica, 164, 144–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.01.004
- Uzer, T., & Brown, N. R. (2017). The effect of cue content on retrieval from autobiographical memory. Acta Psychologica, 172, 84–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.11.012
- Uzer, T., Lee, P. J., & Brown, N. R. (2012). On the prevalence of directly retrieved autobiographical memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(5), 1296–1308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028142
- van Doorn, J., van den Bergh, D., Böhm, U., Dablander, F., Derks, K., Draws, T., Etz, A., Evans, N. J., Gronau, Q. F., Haaf, J. M., Hinne, M., Kucharský, S., Ly, A., Marsman, M., Matzke, D., Komarlu Narendra Gupta, A. R., Sarafoglou, A., Stefan, A., Voelkel, J. G., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2021). The JASP guidelines for conducting and reporting a Bayesian analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 28, 813–826. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01798-5
- von Spreckelsen, P., Glashouwer, K. A., Bennik, E. C., Wessel, I., & de Jong, P. J. (2018). Negative body image: Relationships with heightened disgust propensity, disgust sensitivity, and self-directed disgust. PLoS One, 13(6), e0198532. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198532
- von Spreckelsen, P., Wessel, I., Glashouwer, K. A., & de Jong, P. J. (2021). Averting repulsion? The role of body-directed self-disgust in autobiographical memory retrieval. Manuscript submitted for publication. Department of Psychology, University of Groningen. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qhc35
- Watson, L. A., Berntsen, D., Kuyken, W., & Watkins, E. R. (2013). Involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memory specificity as a function of depression. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.06.001
- Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Herman, D., Raes, F., Watkins, E., & Dalgleish, T. (2007). Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 122–148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122
- Williams, J. M. G., Healy, H. H., & Ellis, N. C. (1999). The effect of imageability and predictability of cues in autobiographical memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology, 52(3), 555–579. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/713755828
- Williamson, D. A., White, M. A., York-Crowe, E., & Stewart, T. M. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral theories of eating disorders. Behavior Modification, 28(6), 711–738. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259853
- Wilson, G. T., & O’Leary, D. (1980). Principles of behavior therapy. Prentice-Hall. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(198101)18:1<123::AID-PITS2310180125>3.0.CO;2-1
- Wilson, R. E., Latner, J. D., & Hayashi, K. (2013). More than just body weight: The role of body image in psychological and physical functioning. Body Image, 10(4), 644–647. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.04.007