Mnemonic scaffolds vary in effectiveness for serial recall

References

• Abelson, R. P. (1981). Psychological status of the script concept. American Psychologist, 36(7), 715–729. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.36.7.715.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anschutz, L., Camp, C. J., Markley, R. P., & Kramer, J. J. (1987). Remembering mnemonics: A three-year follow-up on the effects of mnemonics training in elderly adults. Experimental Aging Research, 13(3), 141–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610738708259315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apostolova, L. G., Dutton, R. A., Dinov, I. D., Hayashi, K. M., A. W. Toga, Cummings, J. L., & Thompson, P. M. (2006). Conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease predicted by hippocampal atrophy maps. Archives of Neurology, 63(5), 693. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.5.693.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baltes, P. B., & Kliegl, R. (1992). Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity: negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust. Developmental Psychology, 28(1), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 617–645. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bass, W., & Oswald, K. (2014). Proactive control of proactive interference using the method of loci. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 10(2), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.5709/ACP-0156-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellezza, F. S. (1981). Mnemonic devices: classification, characteristics, and criteria. Review of Educational Research, 51(2), 247–275. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543051002247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellezza, F. S. (1983). The spatial-arrangement mnemonic. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(6), 830–837. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.75.6.830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellezza, F. S. (1984). The self as a mnemonic device: The role of internal cues. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(3), 506–516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.3.506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellezza, F. S. (1986). A mnemonic based on arranging words on visual patterns. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(2), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.78.3.217
   Google Scholar
• Bellezza, F. S., & Bower, G. H. (1981). The representational and processing characteristics of scripts. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 18(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03333553.
   Google Scholar
• Bodner, G. E., & MacLeod, C. M. (2016). The benefits of studying by production …and of studying production: introduction to the special issue on the production effect in memory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(2), 89–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodner, G. E., & Taikh, A. (2012). Reassessing the basis of the production effect in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 38(6), 1711–1719. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouffard, N., Stokes, J., Kramer, H. J., & Ekstrom, A. D. (2017). Temporal encoding strategies result in boosts to final free recall performance comparable to spatial ones. Memory and Cognition, 46(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-017-0742-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower, G. H. (1970). Analysis of a mnemonic device: modern psychology uncovers the powerful components of an ancient system for improving memory. American Scientist, 58(5), 496–510. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27829239
   Google Scholar
• Brandt, K. R., Cooper, L. M., & Dewhurst, S. A. (2005). Expertise and recollective experience: recognition memory for familiar and unfamiliar academic subjects. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19(9), 1113–1125. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruett, H., Fang, X., Kamaraj, D. C., Haley, E., & Coutanche, M. N. (2018). Expertise moderates incidentally learned associations between words and images. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(2085). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02085
   Google Scholar
• Cabeza, R., & St Jacques, P. (2007). Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(5), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TICS.2007.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplan, J. B., Legge, E. L. G., Cheng, B., & Madan, C. R. (2019). Effectiveness of the method of loci is only minimally related to factors that should influence imagined navigation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(1), 61–64. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1747021819858041
   Google Scholar
• Carey, B. (2014). Remembering, as an Extreme Sport. The New York Times, D1.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, T. H., Dagenbach, D., VanWieren, D., Carlson-Radvansky, L. A., Alejano, A. R., & Brown, J. (1994). Acquiring general knowledge from specific episodes of experience. In C. Umilta and M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and performance xv: Conscious and nonconscious information (pp. 697–724). The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chase, W. G., & Ericsson, K. A. (1981). Skilled memory. Cognitive skills and their acquisition 141–189.
   Google Scholar
• Chase, W. G., & Ericsson, K. A. (1982). Skill and working memory. In G. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 1–58). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cornoldi, C., & De Beni, R. (1991). Memory for discourse: Loci mnemonics and the oral presentation effect. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 5(6), 511–518. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2350050606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutanche, M. N., Thompson-Schill, S. L., Sharon, T., Moscovitch, M., & Gilboa, A. (2014). Fast mapping rapidly integrates information into existing memory networks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108(3), 2296–2303. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005238108.
   Google Scholar
• Daubenmier, J. J. (2005). The relationship of yoga, body awareness, and body responsiveness to self-objectification and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00183.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daubenmier, J. J., Sze, J., Kerr, C. E., Kemeny, M. E., & Mehling, W. (2013). Follow your breath: respiratory interoceptive accuracy in experienced meditators. Psychophysiology, 50(8), 777–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.2013.50.issue-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Beni, R., & Cornoldi, C. (1985). The effects of imaginal mnemonics on congenitally total blind and on normal subjects. In D.F. Marks and D.G. Russell (Eds.), Imagery 1. Imagery.
   Google Scholar
• den Heijer, T., van der Lijn, F., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., A. van der Lugt, Krestin, G. P., Niessen, W. J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2010). A 10-year follow-up of hippocampal volume on magnetic resonance imaging in early dementia and cognitive decline. Brain, 133(4), 1163–1172. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq048.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dresler, M., Shirer, W. R., Konrad, B. N., Müller, N. C., Wagner, I. C., Fernández, G., Czisch, M., & Greicius, M. D. (2017). Mnemonic training reshapes brain networks to support superior memory. Neuron, 93(5), 1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewnowski, A., & Murdock, B. B. (1980). The role of auditory features in memory span for words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(3), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.6.3.319.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A. (2003). Exceptional memorizers: made, not born. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 7(6), 233–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00103-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A., Chase, W. G., Faloon, S., Ericcson, K. A., Chase, W. G., & Faloon, S. (1980). Acquisition of a memory skill. Science (New York, N.Y.), 208(4448), 1181–2. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.7375930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-Term working memory. Psychological Review, 102(2), 211–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A., & Staszewski, J. J. (1989). Skilled memory and expertise: Mechanisms of exceptional performance. In D. Klahr and D. Kotovsky (Eds.), Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert A. Simon (pp. 235–267). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioural, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellner, M. C.., Volberg, G., Wimber, M., Goldhacker, M., Greenlee, M. W., & Hanslmayr, S. (2016). Spatial mnemonic encoding: Theta power decreases and medial temporal lobe BOLD increases co-Occur during the usage of the method of loci. eNeuro, 3(6), 0184–16. https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0184-16.2016.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, M. H., & Zwaan, R. A. (2008). Embodied language: A review of the role of the motor system in language comprehension. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(6), 825–850. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210701623605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foer, J. (2011). Moonwalking with einstein: The art and science of remembering everything. Penguin Press.
   Google Scholar
• French, J. W., Ekstrom, R. B., & Price, L. A. (1963). Kit of reference tests for cognitive factors. Educational Testing Service.
   Google Scholar
• Gallese, V. (2008). Mirror neurons and the social nature of language: The neural exploitation hypothesis. Social Neuroscience, 3(3–4), 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910701563608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galton, C. J., Patterson, K., Graham, K., Lambon-Ralph, M. A., Williams, G., Antoun, N., Sahakian, B. J., & Hodges, J. R. (2001). Differing patterns of temporal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia. Neurology, 57(2), 216–25. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.2.216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gesualdo, F. (1592). Plutosofia. https://www.reiss-sohn.de/en/lots/9454-A200-201/
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg, D. L., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). The neuropsychology of autobiographical memory. Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 39(4-5), 687–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70860-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groninger, L. D. (1971). Mnemonic imagery and forgetting. Psychonomic Science, 23(2), 161–163. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03336056.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, A. L., & Rebok, G. W. (2011). Memory training and strategy use in older adults: results from the ACTIVE study. Psychology and Aging, 26(3), 503. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermas, T. (2018). Emotion and narrative: Perspectives in autobiographical storytelling. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Handy, T. C., Grafton, S. T., Shroff, N. M., Ketay, S., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (2003). Graspable objects grab attention when the potential for action is recognized. Nature Neuroscience, 6(4), 421–427. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirst, W., & Echterhoff, G. (2011). Remembering in conversations: The social sharing and reshaping of memories. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 55–79. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-PSYCH-120710-100340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu, Y., Ericsson, K. A., Yang, D., & Lu, C. (2009). Superior self-paced memorization of digits in spite of a normal digit span: The structure of a memorist's skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(6), 1426–1442. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, I. M. L. (1956). Mnemonic systems and devices. Science News, 39, 75–97.
   Google Scholar
• JASP Team (2019). JASP (Version 0.10.2).
   Google Scholar
• Jebara, N., Orriols, E., Zaoui, M., Berthoz, A., & Piolino, P. (2014). Effects of enactment in episodic memory: A pilot virtual reality study with young and elderly adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6(Dec), 338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00338.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kan, I. P., Alexander, M. P., & Verfaellie, M. (2009). Contribution of prior semantic knowledge to new episodic learning in amnesia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(5), 938–944. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karbach, J., & Verhaeghen, P. (2014). Making working memory work: A meta-Analysis of executive-Control and working memory training in older adults. Psychological Science, 25(11), 2027–2037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614548725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keogh, R., & Pearson, J. (2018). The blind mind: No sensory visual imagery in aphantasia. Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 105(2015), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kliegl, R., Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1990). On the locus and process of magnification of age differences during mnemonic training. Developmental Psychology, 26(6), 894–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konrad, B. N. (2013). Superhirn gedächtnistraining mit einem weltmeister. Goldegg Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Kucera, H., & Francis, W. (1967). Computational analysis of present-day American English. Brown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lane, D. M., & Chang, Y. H. A. (2018). Chess knowledge predicts chess memory even after controlling for chess experience: Evidence for the role of high-level processes. Memory and Cognition, 46(3), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-017-0768-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior: The Hixon Symposium. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2007.04.001.
   Google Scholar
• Lea, G. (1975). Chronometric analysis of the method of loci. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.1.2.95.
   Google Scholar
• Legge, E. L. G., Madan, C. R., Ng, E. T., & Caplan, J. B. (2012). Building a memory palace in minutes: Equivalent memory performance using virtual versus conventional environments with the Method of Loci. Acta Psychologica, 141(3), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, B. R. (2003). Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self-Stereotypes. The Journal of Gerontology, 58(4), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.4.P203
   Google Scholar
• Lieberman, D. A. (2011). Human learning and memory. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Loftus, E. F., & Fathi, D. C. (1985). Retrieving multiple autobiographical memories. Social Cognition, 3(3), 280–295. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1985.3.3.280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftus, G. R., & Masson, M. E. J. (1994). Using confidence intervals in within-subject designs. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03210951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, D. L., & Prat, C. S. (2002). Memory for star trek: The role of prior knowledge in recognition revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(6), 1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.28.6.1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire, E. A., Valentine, E. R., Wilding, J. M., & Kapur, N. (2003). Routes to remembering: The brains behind superior memory. Nature Neuroscience, 6(1), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, D. F. (1972). Individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery and their effect on function. In P.W. Sheehan (Ed.), The function and nature of imagery (pp. 83–108). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, D. F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology, 64(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.1973.64.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massen, C., & Vaterrodt-Plünnecke, B. (2006). The role of proactive interference in mnemonic techniques. Memory (Hove, England), 14(2), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210544000042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P., & K. C. McLean (2013). Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413475622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, J. A. (2015). Location, location, location! demonstrating the mnemonic benefit of the method of loci. Teaching of Psychology, 42(2), 169–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628315573143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995). Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review, 102(3), 419–457. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKelvey, S. (1995). The VVIQ as a psychometric test of individual differences in visual imagery vividness: A critical quantitative review and plea for direction. Journal of Mental Imagery, 19(3), 1–106. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.108.3.798-802
   Google Scholar
• Meeter, M., & Murre, J. M. (2004). Consolidation of long-term memory: Evidence and alternatives (Vol. 130, No. 6). Psycholgical Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.843.
   Google Scholar
• Moser, M. B.., Rowland, D. C., & Moser, E. I. (2015). Place cells, grid cells, and memory. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7(2), a021808. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a021808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, N. C. J., Konrad, B. N., Kohn, N., Muñoz-López, M., Czisch, M., Fernández, G., & Dresler, M. (2018). Hippocampal–caudate nucleus interactions support exceptional memory performance. Brain Structure and Function, 223(3), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1556-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdock, B. B. (1974). Human memory: Theory and data. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• O'Reilly, R. C., Bhattacharyya, R., Howard, M. D., & Ketz, N. (2014). Complementary learning systems. Cognitive Science, 38(6), 1229–1248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01214.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plancher, G., Barra, J., Orriols, E., & Piolino, P. (2013). The influence of action on episodic memory: A virtual reality study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(5), 895–909. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.722657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulvermüller, F. (2005). Brain mechanisms linking language and action (Vol. 6, No. 7). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1706.
   Google Scholar
• Raaijmakers, J. (1993). The story of the two-store model: Past criticisms, current status, and future directions. In D. Meyer and S. Kornblum (Eds.), Attention and performance xiv: synergies in experimental psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive neuroscience (pp. 467–488). The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Raftery, A. E., & Kass, R. E. (1995). Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(430), 773–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, D. C., Spivey, M. J., Cheung, J., & Cheung, J. (2001). Motor Representations in Memory and Mental Models: Embodiement in Cognition. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (Vol. 23, No. 23). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Roediger, H. L. (1980). The effectiveness of four mnemonics in ordering recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(5), 558–567. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.6.5.558
   Google Scholar
• Rolls, E. T. (2017). A scientific theory of ars memoriae: Spatial view cells in a continuous attractor network with linked items. Hippocampus, 27(5), 570–579. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, J., & Lawrence, K. A. (1968). Some observations on memory artifice. Psychonomic Science, 13(2), 107–108. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03342433.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, D. C. (2020). The ability to recall scenes is a stable individual difference: Evidence from autobiographical remembering. Cognition, 197, 104164. 1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104164
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, D. C. (2021). Properties of autobiographical memories are reliable and stable individual differences. Cognition, 210((6), 104583. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COGNITION.2021.104583
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sahadevan, S. S., Chen, Y. Y., & Caplan, J. B. (2021). Imagery-based strategies for memory for associations. Memory (Hove, England), 20(10), 1275–1295. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1978095
   Google Scholar
• Sakreida, K., Scorolli, C., Menz, M. M., Heim, S., Borghi, A. M., & Binkofski, F. (2013). Are abstract action words embodied? An fMRI investigation at the interface between language and motor cognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7(Mar), 125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanchez, C. A. (2019). The utility of visuospatial mnemonics is dependent on visuospatial aptitudes. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 33(4), 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauzéon, H., Pala, P., Florian, L., Wallet, G., Déjos, M., Zheng, X., & Guitton, P. (2011). The use of virtual reality for episodic memory assessment. Experimental Psychology, 59(2), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts plans goals and understanding an inquiry into human knowledge structures. Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.2307/412850.
   Google Scholar
• Sharon, T., Moscovitch, M., & Gilboa, A. (2011). Rapid neocortical acquisition of long-term arbitrary associations independent of the hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(3), 1146–1151. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005238108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skotko, B. G., Einstein, G., Rubin, D. C., Kensinger, E. A., Locascio, J. J., Tupler, L. A., Krendl, A., & Corkin, S. (2004). Puzzling thoughts for H.M.: Can new semantic information be anchored to old semantic memories?. Neuropsychology, 18(4), 756–769. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.18.4.756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. N., Urgolites, Z. J., Hopkins, R. O., & Squire, L. R. (2014). Comparison of explicit and incidental learning strategies in memory-impaired patients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(1), 475–479. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322263111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer, T. (2017). The emergence of knowledge and how it supports the memory for novel related information. Cerebral Cortex, 27(3), 1906–1921. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhw031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, J. D. (1984). The memory palace of Matteo Ricci. Viking Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Staszewski, J. J. (1990). Exceptional memory: The influence of practice and knowledge on the development of elaborative encoding strategies. In W. Schneider and F. Weinert (Eds.), Interactions among aptitudes, strategies, and knowledge in cognitive performance (Vol. 27). Springer. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-6027.
   Google Scholar
• Symons, C. S., & Johnson, B. T. (1997). The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toni, I., de Lange, F. P., Noordzij, M. L., & Hagoort, P. (2008). Language beyond action. Journal of Physiology Paris, 102(1–3), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2008.03.005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tse, D., Langston, R. F., Kakeyama, M., Bethus, I., Spooner, P. A., Wood, E. R., Witter, M. P., & Morris, R. G. (2007). Schemas and memory consolidation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5821), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse, D., Takeuchi, T., Kakeyama, M., Kajii, Y., Okuno, H., Tohyama, C., Bito, H., & Morris, R. G. (2011). Schema-dependent gene activation and memory encoding in neocortex. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6044), 891–895. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1205274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuena, C., Serino, S., Gaston-Bellegarde, A., Orriols, E., Makowski, D., Riva, G., & Piolino, P. (2017). How virtual embodiment affects episodic memory functioning: A proof-of-concept study. In B. K. Wiederhold, G. Riva, C. Fullwood, A. Attrill-Smith, and G. Kirwan (Eds.), Annual review of cybertherapy and telemedicine 2017: A healthy mind in a healthy virtual body: The future of virtual reality in health care (pp. 98–104). Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine.
   Google Scholar
• Van Kesteren, M. T., Ruiter, D. J., Fernández, G., & Henson, R. N. (2012). How schema and novelty augment memory formation. Trends in Neurosciences, 35(4), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2012.02.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wenger, M. J., & Payne, D. G. (1995). On the acquisition of mnemonic skill: Application of skilled memory theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 1(3), 194–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.1.3.194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilding, J., & Valentine, E. (2006). Exceptional memory. In K. A. Ericsson, N. Charness, P. J. Feltovich, and R. R. Hoffman (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 539–552). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2011). Memory transformation and systems consolidation (Vol. 17, No. 5). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617711000683.
   Google Scholar
• Worthen, J. B., & Hunt, R. (2011). Mnemonology: Mnemonics for the 21st century. Mnemonology: Mnemonics for the 21st Century 1–161. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203834107.
   Google Scholar
• Worthen, J. B., & Hunt, R. R. (2008). Mnemonics: Underlying processes and practical applications. In J. H. Byrne (Eds.), Learning and memory: A comprehensive reference (pp. 145–153). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yates, F. (1966). The art of memory. Lancet Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30430-7.
   Google Scholar
• Yesavage, J. A., Lapp, D., & Sheikh, J. I. (1989). Mnemonics as modified for use by the elderly. In L. W. Poon, D. C. Rubin, and B. A. Wilson (Eds.), Everyday cognition in adulthood and late life (pp. 598–611). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmer, H. D., & Cohen, L. R. (2001). Memory for action: A distinct form of episodic memory?. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zwaan, R. A. (2004). The immersed experiencer: Toward an embodied theory of language comprehension. In B. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Academic ed., pp. 35–62). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar