Primacy (and recency) effects in delayed recognition of items from instances of repeated events

References

• Ahn, W. K., Brewer, W. F., & Mooney, R. J. (1992). Schema acquisition from a single example. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18(2), 391–412. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.18.2.391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1972). Recognition and retrieval processes in free recall. Psychological Review, 79(2), 97–123. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0033773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelbaum, M., Cooper, H., Kline, R. B., Mayo-Wilson, E., Nezu, A. M., & Rao, S. M. (2018). Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA publications and communications board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal statistical society: Series B (Methodological, 57(1), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, A., & Kiefer, M. (2021). Comparison of different response time outlier exclusion methods: A simulation study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 675558. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.675558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjork, E. L., & Healy, A. F. (1974). Short-term order and item retention. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(1), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(74)80033-2
   Google Scholar
• Bontkes, O. R., Palombo, D. J., & Rubínová, E. (2023). Similarity Impacts Where Repeated Events Fall on the Semantic-Episodic Continuum [Unpublished manuscript [link to preprint will be supplied]].
   Google Scholar
• Brady, T. F., Robinson, M. M., Williams, J. R., & Wixted, J. T. (2023). Measuring memory is harder than you think: How to avoid problematic measurement practices in memory research. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(2), 421–449. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02179-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G. D. A., & Lewandowsky, S. (2005). Serial recall and presentation schedule: A micro-analysis of local distinctiveness. Memory (Hove, England), 13(3-4), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210344000251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G. D. A., Neath, I., & Chater, N. (2007). A temporal ratio model of memory. Psychological Review, 114(3), 539–576. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G. D. A., Vousden, J. I., & McCormack, T. (2009). Memory retrieval as temporal discrimination. Journal of Memory and Language, 60(1), 194–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, N. R. (2016). Transition theory: A minimalist perspective on the organization of autobiographical memory. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 5(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2016.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubacher, S. P., Glisic, U., Roberts, K. P., & Powell, M. (2011). Children's ability to recall unique aspects of one occurrence of a repeated event. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1696
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimbalo, R. S., Nowak, B. I., & Stringfield, C. (1978). Isolation effect: Overall list facilitation and debilitation in short-term memory. The Journal of General Psychology, 99(2), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1978.9710510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly, D. A., Gordon, H. M., Woiwod, D. M., & Price, H. L. (2016). What children recall about a repeated event when one instance is different from the others. Developmental Psychology, 52(7), 1038–1051. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, H. (2018). Reporting quantitative research in psychology: How to meet APA style journal article reporting standards. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Danby, M. C., Brubacher, S. P., Sharman, S. J., Powell, M. B., & Roberts, K. P. (2017). Children's reasoning about which episode of a repeated event is best remembered. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 31(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danby, M. C., Sharman, S. J., van Golde, C., Paterson, H. M., & Watkins, R. (2023). The effects of episode spacing on adult's reports of a repeated event. Memory (Hove, England), 31(6), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2198265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deck, S. L., & Paterson, H. M. (2021). Adults also have difficulty recalling one instance of a repeated event. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 35(1), 286–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3736
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilevski, N., Paterson, H. M., & van Golde, C. (2020). Investigating the effect of emotional stress on adult memory for single and repeated events. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 26(4), 425–441. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilevski, N., Paterson, H. M., & van Golde, C. (2021a). Adult memory for instances of a repeated emotionally stressful event: Does retention interval matter? Memory (Hove, England), 29(1), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1860227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilevski, N., Paterson, H. M., & van Golde, C. (2022). Adult memory for instances of emotionally stressful and non-stressful repeated events. Memory (Hove, England), 30(5), 621–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2022.2038630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilevski, N., Paterson, H. M., & van Golde, C. (2023). ‘Tell me about the time you remember the best’: The effect of a remember best prompt on adults’ reports of a repeated emotionally stressful event. Psychology, Crime & Law, 29(4), 437–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2022.2027945
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilevski, N., Paterson, H. M., Walker, S. A., & van Golde, C. (2021b). Adult memory for specific instances of a repeated event: A preliminary review. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 28(5), 711–732. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2020.1837031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doolen, A. C., & Radvansky, G. A. (2021). A novel study: Long-lasting event memory. Memory (Hove, England), 29(8), 963–982. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1953079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbinghaus, H. (1884/1964). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (H. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius, Trans.). Dover Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Estes, W. K. (1985). Memory for temporal information. In J. A. Michon, & J. L. Jackson (Eds.), Time, mind, and behavior (pp. 151–168). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fabiani, M., & Donchin, E. (1995). Encoding processes and memory organisation: A model of the von restorff effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(1), 224–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.1.224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrar, M. J., & Boyer-Pennington, M. E. (1999). Remembering specific episodes of a scripted event. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 73(4), 266–288. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1999.2507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrar, M. J., & Goodman, G. S. (1990). Developmental differences in the relation between scripts and episodic memory: Do they exist? In R. Fivush, & J. Hudson (Eds.), Knowing and remembering in young children (pp. 30–64). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Farrar, M. J., & Goodman, G. S. (1992). Developmental changes in event memory. Child Development, 63(1), 173–187. doi:10.2307/1130911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2018). Visualizing fit and lack of fit in complex regression models with predictor effect plots and partial residuals. Journal of Statistical Software, 87, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v087.i09
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadagno, B. L., Powell, M. B., & Right, R. (2006). Police officers’ and legal professionals’ perceptions regarding how children are, and should be, questioned about repeated abuse. Psychiatry. Psychology and Law, 13(2), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1375/pplt.13.2.251
   Google Scholar
• Healy, A. F. (1974). Separating item from order information in short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(6), 644–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(74)80052-6
   Google Scholar
• Henson, R. N. (1998). Short-term memory for serial order: The start-end model. Cognitive Psychology, 36(2), 73–137. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1998.0685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, W. (1901). Principles of psychology (Vol. 1). Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killip, S. (2004). What is an intracluster correlation coefficient? Crucial concepts for primary care researchers. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2(3), 204–208. http://doi.org/10.1370/afm.141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuebli, J., & Fivush, R. (1994). Children′ s representation and recall of event alternatives. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 58(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1994.1024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2017). Lmertest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakens, D., & Caldwell, A. R. (2021). Simulation-Based power analysis for factorial analysis of variance designs. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4, 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. L., & Estes, W. K. (1977). Order and position in primary memory for letter strings. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16(4), 395–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80036-4
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. L., & Estes, W. K. (1981). Item and order information in short-term memory: Evidence for multilevel perturbation processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 7(3), 149–169. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.3.149
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay, D. S. (2008). Source monitoring. In H. L. Roediger (Ed.), Cognitive psychology of memory: Vol. 2. J. Byrne (Ed.), learning and memory: A comprehensive reference (pp. 325–348). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay, D. S. (2014). Memory source monitoring applied. In T. J. Perfect, & D. S. Lindsay (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of applied memory (pp. 59–75). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Loftus, E. F., & Marburger, W. (1983). Since the eruption of Mt. St. Helens, has anyone beaten you up? Improving the accuracy of retrospective reports with landmark events. Memory & Cognition, 11(2), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03213465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohnas, L. J., Polyn, S. M., & Kahana, M. J. (2015). Expanding the scope of memory search: Modeling intralist and interlist effects in free recall. Psychological Review, 122(2), 337–363. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lüdecke, D., Ben-Shachar, M. S., Patil, I., Waggoner, P., & Makowski, D. (2021). Performance: An R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models. Journal of Open Source Software, 6(60), 3139. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03139
   Google Scholar
• MacLean, C. L., Coburn, P. I., Chong, K., & Connolly, D. L. (2018). Breaking script: Deviations and postevent information in adult memory for a repeated event. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 32(4), 474–486. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElree, B., Dolan, P. O., & Jacoby, L. L. (1999). Isolating the contributions of familiarity and source information to item recognition: A time course analysis. Journal of experimental psychology: Learning. Memory, and Cognition, 25(3), 563–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.3.563
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morís Fernández, L., & Vadillo, M. A. (2020). Flexibility in reaction time analysis: Many roads to a false positive? Royal Society Open Science, 7(2), 190831. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdock, B. B. (1962). The serial position effect of free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(5), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045106
   Google Scholar
• Powell, M. B., & Thomson, D. M. (1997). Contrasting memory for temporal-source and memory for content in children's discrimination of repeated events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 11(4), 339–360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, M. B., Thomson, D. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2003). Children's memory of recurring events: Is the first event always the best remembered? Applied Cognitive Psychology: The Official Journal of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 17, 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, H. L., Connolly, D. A., & Gordon, H. M. (2006). Children's memory for complex autobiographical events: Does spacing of repeated instances matter? Memory (Hove, England), 14(8), 977–989. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210601009005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky, G. A., & Zacks, J. M. (2017). Event boundaries in memory and cognition. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 17, 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratcliff, R., & Murdock, B. B. (1976). Retrieval processes in recognition memory. Psychological Review, 83(3), 190–214. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.83.3.190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. . https://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Renoult, L., Davidson, P. S., Palombo, D. J., Moscovitch, M., & Levine, B. (2012). Personal semantics: At the crossroads of semantic and episodic memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(11), 550–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revelle, W. (2023). psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research. R package version 2.3.3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = psych.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, K. P., Brubacher, S. P., Drohan-Jennings, D., Glisic, U., Powell, M. B., & Friedman, W. J. (2015). Developmental differences in the ability to provide temporal information about repeated events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29(3), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, W. T., & Higham, P. A. (2002). Selecting accurate statements from the cognitive interview using confidence ratings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.8.1.33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. A. (1992). First experience memories: Contexts and functions in personal histories. In M. A. Conway, D. C. Rubin, H. Spinnler, & W. A. Wagenaar (Eds.), Theoretical perspectives on autobiographical memory (pp. 223–239). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Rothkopf, E. Z. (1971). Incidental memory for location of information in text. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10(6), 608–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(71)80066-X
   Google Scholar
• Rubínová, E., Blank, H., Koppel, J., Dufková, E., & Ost, J. (2022). Repeated recall of repeated events: Accuracy and consistency. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 11, 229–244. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016j.jarmac.2021.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubínová, E., Blank, H., Koppel, J., & Ost, J. (2021). Schema and deviation effects in remembering repeated unfamiliar stories. British Journal of Psychology, 112(1), 180–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubínová, E., Blank, H., Ost, J., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2020). Structured word-lists as a model of basic schemata: Deviations from content and order in a repeated event paradigm. Memory (Hove, England), 28(3), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1712421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubínová, E., & Kontogianni, F. (2023). Sources and destinations of misattributions in recall of instances of repeated events. Memory & Cognition, 51(1), 188–202. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01300-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubínová, E., & Price, H. L. (2022a). The cost of source monitoring in the recognition of instances of repeated events. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HR2N3.
   Google Scholar
• Rubínová, E., & Price, H. L. (2022b). The cost of source monitoring in recognition of instances of repeated events (Experiment 2). https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VXQCS.
   Google Scholar
• Rubínová, E., Price, H. L., & Brubacher, S. P. (2023). Prior Knowledge and the Recall of Single Events and Instances of Repeated Events: A Registered Report. Retrieved from https://osf.io/xrkct.
   Google Scholar
• Schad, D. J., Vasishth, S., Hohenstein, S., & Kliegl, R. (2020). How to capitalize on a priori contrasts in linear (mixed) models: A tutorial. Journal of Memory and Language, 110, 104038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.104038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schank, R. C. (1999). Dynamic memory revisited. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sharman, S. J., Danby, M. C., & Christopoulos, L. (2022). Mental context reinstatement improves adults’ reports of additional details from two instances of a repeated event. Memory (Hove, England), 30(8), 988–999. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2022.2068610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shum, M. S. (1998). The role of temporal landmarks in autobiographical memory processes. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slackman, E., & Nelson, K. (1984). Acquisition of an unfamiliar script in story form by young children. Child Development, 55(2), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teigen, K. H., Böhm, G., Bruckmüller, S., Hegarty, P., & Luminet, O. (2017). Long live the king! Beginnings loom larger than endings of past and recurrent events. Cognition, 163, 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.02.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen, D. K., & Berntsen, D. (2005). The end point effect in autobiographical memory: More than a calendar is needed. Memory (Hove, England), 13(8), 846–861. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 26(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving, E. (1989). Remembering and knowing the past. American Scientist, 77(4), 361-367. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27855835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood, B. J., & Freund, J. S. (1969). Further studies on conceptual similarity in free-recall learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8(1), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80007-1
   Google Scholar
• Venables, W. N., & Ripley, B. D. (2002). Modern applied statistics with S, Fourth edition. Springer. http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS4/.
   Google Scholar
• Wells, G. L., & Windschitl, P. D. (1999). Stimulus sampling and social psychological experimentation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(9), 1115–1125. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672992512005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickens, D. D. (1970). Encoding categories of words: An empirical approach to meaning. Psychological Review, 77(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0028569
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickham, H. (2007). Reshaping data with the reshape package. Journal of Statistical Software, 21(12), 1–20.. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v21/i12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham, H. (2022). stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations_. R package version 1.5.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = stringr.
   Google Scholar
• Woiwod, D. M., & Connolly, D. A. (2017). Continuous child sexual abuse: Balancing defendants’ rights and victims’ capabilities to particularize individual acts of repeated abuse. Criminal Justice Review, 42(2), 206–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016817704700
   Google Scholar
• Wyler, H., & Oswald, M. E. (2016). Why misinformation is reported: Evidence from a warning and a source-monitoring task. Memory (Hove, England), 24(10), 1419–1434. DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1117641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar