2,133
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Institutionalised cooperation and policy convergence in European defence: lessons from the relations between France, Germany and the UK

&
Pages 270-289 | Received 22 Oct 2013, Accepted 13 Jan 2014, Published online: 24 Feb 2014

References

  • Aronsson, L., 2011. Strategic considerations for the Anglo-American alliance. In: M. Clarke and M. Codner, eds. A question of security, the British defence review in an age of austerity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 79–90.
  • Aronsson, L., and Keller, P., 2012. British–German cooperation in NATO. Finding common ground on European security. London and Berlin: RUSI and KAS.
  • Aufrant, M., 1999. France and its allies: a comparative study of defence spending trends since 1985. Defence and peace economics, 10 (1), 79–102. doi:10.1080/10430719908404917
  • Bohnen, J., 1997. Germany. In: J. Howorth and A. Menon, eds. The European Union and national defense policy. London: Routledge, 49–65.
  • Borchert, H., 2010. The rocky road to networked and effects-based expeditionary forces: military transformation in the Bundeswehr. In: T. Terriff, F. Osinga, and T. Farrell, eds. A transformation gap? American innovations and European military change. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 83–107.
  • British Ministry of Defence, 1998. Strategic defence review. London: Ministry of Defence.
  • British Ministry of Defence, 2003. Delivering security in a changing world: defence white paper. London: Ministry of Defence.
  • British Ministry of Defence, 2010. Securing Britain in an age of uncertainty: the strategic defence and security review. London: British Ministry of Defence.
  • Chalmers, M., 2011. The lean years: defence consequences of the fiscal crisis. In: M. Clarke and M. Codner, eds. A question of security, the British defence review in an age of austerity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 33–75.
  • Chuter, D., 1997. The United Kingdom. In: J. Howorth and A. Menon, eds. The European Union and national defense policy. London: Routledge, 105–120.
  • Corbucci, T., 2012. Combien coûte la dissuasion nucléaire française [What is the cost of the French nuclear deterrence capability]? Le Figaro, 20 June, p. 11.
  • Cornish, P., 2013. United Kingdom. In: H. Biehl, B. Giegerich, and A. Jonas, eds. Security cultures in Europe. Security and defence policies across the continent. Munich: VS Verlag, 371–386.
  • Cornish, P. and Edwards, G., 2005. The strategic culture of the European Union: a progress report. International affairs, 81 (4), 801–820. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00485.x
  • Cour des Comptes, 2011. Rapport Annuel 2011 [Annual report]. Paris: Cour des Comptes.
  • Daddow, O., 2011. New labour and the European Union: Blair and Brown's logic of history. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • De la Billière, P., 1992. Storm command. London: Harper Collins.
  • Dion, E., 2012. Wind of change: after gloomy prospects, a new impetus for European military cooperation in defence? Thesis (MA). King's College London.
  • Dorman, A., 2009. Blair's successful war: British military intervention in Sierra Leone. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Dyson, T., 2010. Neoclassical realism and defence reform in post-Cold War Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Fairweather, J., 2011. A war of choice: the British in Iraq 2003–2009. London: Jonathan Cape.
  • Farrell, T., 2013. Back from the brink: British military adaptation and the struggle for Helmand, 2006–2011. In: T. Farrell, F. Osinga, and J.A. Russell, eds. Military adaptation in Afghanistan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 108–135.
  • Farrell, T., and Bird, T., 2010. Innovating within cost and cultural constraints: the British approach to military transformation. In: T. Terriff, F. Osinga, and T. Farrell, eds. A transformation gap? American innovations and European military change. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 35–58.
  • Farrell, T., and Terriff, T., 2010. Military transformation in NATO: a framework for analysis. In: T. Terriff, F. Osinga, and T. Farrell, eds. A transformation gap? American innovations and European military change. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1–13.
  • Federal Ministry of Defence, 1994. White paper on the security of the Federal Republic of Germany and the situation and future of the Bundeswehr. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Defence.
  • Federal Ministry of Defence, 2006. White paper on German security policy and the future of the Bundeswehr. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Defence.
  • Federal Ministry of Defence, 2011. Defence policy guidelines. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Defence.
  • Forster, A., 2006. Armed forces and society in Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
  • French Ministry of Defence, 1994. Livre blanc sur la défense [White book on Defence]. Paris: La Documentation française.
  • French Ministry of Defence, 2008. Défense et sécurité nationale: le livre blanc [Defence and national security: the white book]. Paris: Odile Jacob.
  • French Ministry of Defence, 2013. Livre blanc sur la défense et la sécurité nationale [White book on defence and national security]. Paris: Odile Jacob.
  • Gauzy-Krieger, F., 2012. La Défense: rapprocher les doctrines pour parvenir à des conceptions communes [Defence: getting doctrines closer to achieve similar conceptions?]? In: C. Defrance and U. Pfeil, eds. La France, l'Allemagne et le Traité de l'Elysée [France, Germany and the Elysée treaty]. Paris: CNRS, 321–355.
  • Gordon, M. and Trainor, B., 1995. The generals’ war. The inside story of the First Gulf War. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Haftendorn, H. and Kolkmann, M., 2004. German policy in a strategic triangle: Berlin, Paris, Washington… and what about London? Cambridge review of international affairs, 17 (3), 467–479. doi:10.1080/0955757042000296955
  • Hofmann, S., 2011. Why institutional overlap matters: CSDP in the European security architecture. Journal of common market studies, 49 (1), 101–120. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02131.x
  • Hood, F., 2008. Atlantic dreams and European realities: British foreign policy after Iraq. Journal of European integration, 30 (1), 183–197. doi:10.1080/07036330801959572
  • House of Commons Defence Committee, 2013. Supplementary written evidence from the ministry of defence. London: House of Commons.
  • House of Lords Select Committee on the Constitution, 2006. Waging war: parliament's role and responsibility. Vol. 1.London: TSO, HL Paper 236I.
  • Irondelle, B. and Schmitt, O., 2013. France. In: H. Biehl, B. Giegerich, and A. Jonas, eds. Security cultures in Europe. Security and defence policies across the continent. Munich: VS Verlag, 125–138.
  • Junk, J., and Daase, C., 2013. Germany. In: H. Biehl, B. Giegerich, and A. Jonas, eds. Security cultures in Europe. Security and defence policies across the continent. Munich: VS Verlag, 139–152.
  • King, A., 2011. The transformation of Europe's armed forces. From the Rhine to Afghanistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Knight, M., Loayza, N., and Villanueva, D., 1996. The peace dividend: military spending cuts and economic growth. IMF Staff Papers, 43 (1), 1–37. doi:10.2307/3867351
  • Lelong, G., 2012. Relancer l'Europe de la Défense: la Voie du Fédéralisme [Relaunching European defence: the path of federalism]. Revue Défense Nationale, 750, 56–61.
  • Longhurst, K., 2004. Germany and the use of force. The evolution of German security policy 1990–2003. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Longhurst, K. and Miskimmon, A., 2007. Same challenges, diverging responses: Germany, the UK and European security. German politics, 16 (1), 79–94. doi:10.1080/09644000601157442
  • Major, C. and Mölling, C., 2007. Show us the way forward. Astérix: Europe needs the French involvement in ESDP, Notes du CERI. Paris: Sciences Po.
  • Matlary, J.H., 2009. European Union security dynamics in the new national interest. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Maull, H.W., 1990. Germany and Japan: the new civilian powers. Foreign affairs, 69 (5), 91–106. doi:10.2307/20044603
  • Milliken, J., 1999. The study of discourse in international relations. A critique of research and methods. European journal of international relations, 5 (2), 257–286. doi:10.1177/1354066199005002003
  • Notin, J.-C., 2012. La Vérité sur Notre Guerre en Libye [The truth about our war in Libya]. Paris: Fayard.
  • Parkes, R., 2012. Les relations germano-britanniques à l'heure de vérité [British-German relations at the crossroads]. Notes du Cerfa 99.
  • Peters, J.E., et al., 2001. European contributions to operation allied force. Implications for transatlantic cooperation. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
  • Pflimlin, E., 2012. Europe de la Défense, vers une Triple Entente [European defence: towards a triple-entente?]? Le Monde, 20 Sep, p. 2.
  • Prater, F., 1991. La France et la crise du Golfe. Politique Etrangère, 56 (2), 441–453. doi:10.3406/polit.1991.4037
  • Rid, T., and Zapfe, M., 2013. Mission command without a mission: German military adaptation in Afghanistan. In: T. Farrell, F. Osinga, and J.A. Russell, eds. Military adaptation in Afghanistan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 192–218.
  • Rynning, S., 2010. From bottom-up to top-down transformation: military change in France. In: T. Terriff, F. Osinga, and T. Farrell, eds. A transformation gap? American innovations and European military change. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 59–82.
  • Schmitt, O., 2012. Strategic users of culture: German decisions for military action. Contemporary security policy, 33 (2), 59–81. doi:10.1080/13523260.2012.659586
  • Sénat, 2006. La dissuasion nucléaire: quel rôle dans la défense française aujourd'hui? [Nuclear deterrence: what role for the French defence policy today?] Paris: Sénat, Rapport 36.
  • Shurkin, M., 2013. Setting priorities in the age of austerity: British, French and German experiences. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
  • Soutou, G.-H., 1996. L'alliance incertaine: les rapports politico-stratégiques Franco-allemands, 1954–1996 [The unsure alliance: the Franco-German political-strategic relations, 1954–1996]. Paris: Fayard.
  • Terriff, T., Osinga, F., and Farrell, T., eds., 2010. A transformation gap? American innovations and European military change. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Wagner, W., 2005. From vanguard to laggard: Germany in European security and defence policy. German politics, 14 (4), 455–469. doi:10.1080/09644000500340636
  • Yost, D.S., 1993. France and the Gulf War of 1990–1991: political-military lessons learned. Journal of strategic studies, 16 (3), 339–374. doi:10.1080/01402399308437522

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.