References
- Adler, E., 2005. Communitarian International Relations: the epistemic foundations of International Relations. New York: Routledge.
- Adler, E., 2008. The spread of security communities: communities of practices, self-restraint, and NATO’s post-Cold War evolution. European journal of international relations, 14 (2), 195–230. doi: 10.1177/1354066108089241
- Anderson, S., 1995. EU, NATO, and CSCE responses to the Yugoslav crisis: testing Europe’s new security architecture. European security, 4 (2), 328–353. doi: 10.1080/09662839508407222
- Bailes, A.J.K., 1996. European defence and security: the role of NATO, WEU and EU. Security dialogue, 27 (1), 55–64. doi: 10.1177/0967010696027001007
- Biermann, R., 2008. Towards a theory of inter-organizational networking: the Euro-Atlantic security institutions interacting. Review of international organizations, 3 (2), 151–177. doi: 10.1007/s11558-007-9027-9
- Biermann, R., 2009. Inter-organizationalism in theory and practice. In: J.A. Koops, ed. Military crisis management: the challenge of inter-organizationalism, special issue of Studia Diplomatica. Brussels: Royal Institute for International Relations, Vol. LXII, No. 3, 7–12.
- Biermann, R., 2014. NATO’s troubled relations with partner organizations. A resource dependence explanation. In: S. Mayer, ed. NATO’s post-cold bureaucracy and the changing provision of security. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 215–234.
- Biermann, R., 2017. Legitimizing inter-organizational relations. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 337–364.
- Biermann, R. and Harsch, M.F., 2017. Resource dependence theory. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 135–155.
- Biermann, R. and Koops, J.A., 2017. Studying relations among international organizations in world politics: core concepts and challenges. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1–46.
- Biscop, S. and Andersson, J., eds., 2008. The EU and the European security strategy: a global agenda for positive power. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Bodenheimer, S.J., 1967. The “political union” debate in Europe: a case study in intergovernmental diplomacy. International organization, 21 (1), 24–54. doi: 10.1017/S0020818300013126
- Brosig, M., 2010. Governance between international institutions: analysing interaction modes between the EU, the council of Europe and the OSCE. In: D. Galbreath and C. Gebhard, eds. Cooperation or conflict? Problematizing organizational overlap in Europe. London: Ashgate, 29–58.
- Brosig, M., 2017. Regime complexity and resource dependence theory in international peacekeeping. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 447–470.
- Brugger, P., Hasenclever, A., and Kasten, L., 2017. Trust among international organizations. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 407–426.
- Calleo, D.P., 2003. Transatlantic folly: NATO vs. the EU. World policy journal, 20 (3), 17–24. doi: 10.1215/07402775-2003-4001
- Clarke, M. and Cornish, P., 2002. The European defence project and the Prague summit. International affairs, 78 (4), 777–788. doi: 10.1111/1468-2346.00279
- Clermont, K.M. and Eisenberg, T., 1995. Exorcising the evil of forum-shopping. Cornell law review, 8, 1507–1535.
- Costa, O., 2017. Assessing influence between international organizations. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 389–405.
- Costa, O., and Jørgensen, K.E., eds., 2012. The influence of international institutions on the EU: when multilateralism hits Brussels. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Council of the European Union, 2003. European security strategy: a more secure Europe in a better world. Available from: http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/solanae.pdf [Accessed 4 June 2017].
- Council of the European Union, 2016. Joint declaration by the president of the European Council, the president of the European Commission and the secretary-general of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Available from: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2459_en.htm [Accessed 4 June 2017].
- Cropper, S., et al., eds., 2008. The Oxford handbook of inter-organizational relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Deutsch, K.W., et al., 1957. Political community and the north Atlantic area: international organization in the light of historical experience. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Dijkstra, H., 2013. Organizational ecology, institutional choice and the future of EU crisis management. Paper presented at the workshop ‘CSDP Strategy: A Reality or Wishful Thinking’, University of Surrey, 1 February.
- DiMaggio, P.J. and Powell, W.W., 1983. The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American sociological review, 48 (2), 147–160. doi: 10.2307/2095101
- Drent, M., Hendriks, R., and Zandee, D., 2015. New threats, new NATO and EU responses. The Hague: Clingendael.
- Drieskens, E. and Reykers, Y., 2017. The principal-agent model and inter-organizational relations. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 271–288.
- Drozdiak, W., 2015. Why can’t and the EU just get along? Brookings Institution. Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2015/09/28/why-cant-nato-and-the-eu-just-get-along/ [Accessed 4 June 2017].
- Duke, S., 2008. The future of EU-NATO relations: a case of mutual irrelevance through competition? Journal of European integration, 30 (1), 27–43. doi: 10.1080/07036330801959457
- Duke, S. and Gebhard, C., 2017. The EU and NATO’s dilemmas with Russia and prospects for deconfliction. European security, 26 (3), 379–397.
- Dursun-Ozkanca, O., 2016. Turkish soft balancing against the EU? An analysis of the prospects for improved transatlantic security relations. Foreign policy analysis [online]. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/29765044/Turkish_Soft_Balancing_Against_the_EU_An_Analysis_of_the_Prospects_for_Improved_Transatlantic_Security_Relations
- Dursun-Ozkanca, O. and Mazzucelli, C., 2011. Veto players inside and out: the future of EU-NATO security relations as explained in a comparative foreign policy analysis of French and Turkish grand strategies. Paper prepared for delivery at the 5th Annual Research Conference of the EU Centre of Excellence, 10–12 April, Dalhouise University.
- Egger, C., 2013. Being the best at winning the peace. NATO and EU rival development of a comprehensive approach to crisis management. Available from: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00804164/document [Accessed 4 June 2017].
- Emerson, R.M., 1962. Power-dependence relations. American sociological review, 27 (1), 31–41. doi: 10.2307/2089716
- Enderlein, H., Wallti, S., and Zurn, M., 2010. Handbook on multi-level governance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
- Etzioni, A., 1963. The epigenesis of political communities at the international level. American journal of sociology, 68 (4), 407–421. doi: 10.1086/223398
- Galbreath, D. and Gebhard, C., eds. 2010. Cooperation or conflict? Problematizing organizational overlap in Europe. London: Ashgate.
- Gebhard, C. and Smith, S.J., 2015. The two faces of EU–NATO cooperation: counter-piracy operations off the Somali coast. Cooperation and conflict, 50 (1), 107–127. doi: 10.1177/0010836714532917
- Græger, N., 2014. Security. EU-NATO relations: informal cooperation as a common lifestyle. In: A. Orsini, ed. The long-term political action of the EU with(in) international organizations. London: Ashgate, 157–180.
- Græger, N., 2016. European security as practice: EU–NATO communities of practice in the making? European security, 25 (4), 478–501. doi: 10.1080/09662839.2016.1236021
- Græger, N., 2017. Grasping the everyday and extraordinary in EU-NATO relations: the added value of practice approaches. European Security, 26 (3), 340–358.
- Græger, N. and Haugevik, K., 2011. The EU’s performance with and within NATO: assessing objectives, outcomes and organisational practices. Journal of European integration, 33 (6), 743–757. doi: 10.1080/07036337.2011.606698
- Hancock, M.D., 1972. Sweden, Scandinavia and the EEC. International affairs, 48 (3), 424–437. doi: 10.2307/2612718
- Hannan, M.T. and Freeman, J., 1977. The population ecology of organizations. American journal of sociology, 82 (5), 929–964. doi: 10.1086/226424
- Harsch, M.F., 2015. The power of dependence: NATO-UN cooperation in crisis management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hatch, M.J., 1997. Organization theory: modern, symbolic, and postmodern perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hawkins, D.G., et al., eds., 2006. Delegation and agency in international organizations. Cambridge: Cambride University Press.
- Hofmann, S.C., 2009. Overlapping institutions in the realm of international security: the case of NATO and ESDP. Perspectives on politics, 7 (1), 45–52. doi: 10.1017/S1537592709090070
- Hofmann, S.C., 2011. Why institutional overlap matters: CSDP in the European security architecture. Journal of common market studies, 49 (1), 101–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02131.x
- Hofmann, S. and Reynolds, C., 2007. Die EU-NATO Beziehungen: Zeit für Tauwetter. SWP Aktuell, 37, July. Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik.
- Hoffmann, S., Rosenthal, S., and Dann, J., 1991. Coping with the uncertainties of European security: an interview with Stanley Hoffmann. Harvard international review, 14 (1), 3–6.
- Hopia, H., 2013, Breaking down the walls: improving EU-NATO relations. Brussels: Center for European Studies.
- Howorth, J., 2003. ESDP and NATO: wedlock or deadlock? Cooperation and conflict, 38 (3), 235–254. doi: 10.1177/00108367030383003
- Howorth, J., 2005. The Euro-Atlantic security dilemma: France, Britain and the ESDP. Journal of transatlantic studies, 3 (1), 39–54. doi: 10.1080/14794010508656816
- Howorth, J., 2007. Security and defence policy in the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Howorth, J., 2013. The EU and NATO after Libya and Afghanistan: the future of Euro-U.S. Security cooperation. Yale journal of international affairs, 8 (1), 30–39.
- Howorth, J., 2017. Strategic autonomy and EU-NATO cooperation: squaring the circle. Security Policy Brief No. 85, May. Brussels: Egmont Institute.
- Howorth, J. and Keeler, J. eds., 2003. Defending Europe: the EU, NATO and the quest for European autonomy. London: Palgrave.
- Ilves, L., et al., 2016. European Union and NATO global cybersecurity challenges: a way forward. PRISM Volume 6, No. 2, July.
- Jönsson, C., 1986. Interorganization theory and international organization. International studies quarterly, 30 (1), 39–57. doi: 10.2307/2600436
- Jönsson, C., 1987. International aviation and the politics of regime change. London: Frances Pinter.
- Jönsson, C., 1993. International organization and co-operation: an interorganizational perspective. International social science journal, 138, 463–477.
- Jönsson, C., 2017. IR paradigms and inter-organizational theory: situating the research program within the discipline. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 49–66.
- Jørgensen, K.E. ed., 2009. The European Union and International Organisations. London: Routledge.
- Juncos, A., 2007. The institutionalisation of EU crisis management policies: the case of EUFOR Althea. Paper presented at the EU Crisis Management Conference, Brussels, June.
- Kaiser, K., 1968. The interaction of regional subsystems: some preliminary notes on recurrent patterns and the role of superpowers. World politics, 21 (1), 84–107. doi: 10.2307/2009747
- Karns, M.P. and Mingst, K.A., 2010. International organizations: the politics and processes of global governance. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
- Kissack, R., 2010. Pursuing effective multilateralism, international organisations and the politics of decisionmaking. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Koops, J., 2008. Towards effective and integrative inter-organizationalism. In: K. Brockmann, H.B. Hauck and S. Reigeluth, eds. From conflict to regional stability: linking security and development. Berlin: DGAP Forschungsbericht, 23–31. Available from: https://dgap.org/en/article/getFullPDF/17968 [Accessed 4 June 2017].
- Koops, J.A., ed., 2009. Military crisis management: the challenge of interorganizationalism, studia diplomatica. Brussels: Egmont Institute.
- Koops J.A., 2011. The European Union an integrative power: assessing the EU’s effective multilateralism towards NATO and the United Nations. Brussels: VUBPress.
- Koops, J.A., 2012. NATO’s influence on the evolution of the European Union as a security actor. In: O. Costa and K.E. Jørgensen, eds. The influence of international institutions on the EU: when multilateralism hits Brussels. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 155–185.
- Koops, J.A., 2013. Inter-organizational approaches. In: K.E. Jørgensen and K.V. Laatikainen, eds. The Routledge handbook of Europe and multilateral institutions. London: Routledge, 71–85.
- Koops, J.A., 2017. Inter-organizationalism in International Relations: a multilevel framework of analysis. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 189–216.
- Laatikainen, K.V. and Smith, K.E., eds., 2006. The European Union at the United Nations: intersecting multilateralisms. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Lachmann, N., 2010. NATO-CSDP-EU relations: sketching the map of a community of practice. Working Paper 34, McGill University: Center for International Peace and Security Studies.
- Levine, S. and White, P.E., 1961. Exchange as a conceptual framework for the study of interorganizational relationships. Administrative science quarterly, 5 (4), 583–601. doi: 10.2307/2390622
- Lodgaard, S., 1992. Competing schemes for Europe: the CSCE, NATO and the European Union. Security dialogue, 23 (3), 57–68.
- Macaj, G. and Koops, J.A., 2012. Inconvenient multilateralism: the challenges of the EU as a player in the United Nations Human Rights Council. In: J. Wetzel, ed. The EU as a global player in human rights. London: Routledge, 71–86.
- Marks, G., 1996. An actor-centred approach to multi-level governance. Regional and federal studies, 6 (2), 20–38. doi: 10.1080/13597569608420966
- Marks, G. and Hooghe, L., 2004. Contrasting visions of multi-level governance. In: I. Bache and M. Flinders, eds. Multi-level governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 15–30.
- Merchant, L.T., 1963. Evolving United States relations with the Atlantic community. International organization, 17 (3), 610–627. doi: 10.1017/S0020818300034573
- Missiroli, A., 2002. EU-NATO cooperation in crisis management: no Turkish delight for ESDP. Security dialogue, 33 (9), 9–26. doi: 10.1177/0967010602033001002
- NATO, 1996. Final Communiqué of the Ministerial Meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Berlin, 3 June. Available from: http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1996/p96-063e.htm [Accessed 4 June 2017].
- Ojanen, H., 2004. Inter-organisational relations as a factor shaping the EU’s external identity. UPI Working Papers, 49. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of International Affairs.
- Ojanen, H., 2006. The EU and NATO: two competing models for a common defence policy. Journal of common market studies, 44 (1), 57–76. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00614.x
- Ojanen, H. 2007. Inter-organisational relations: the new facet of European security policy. In: T. Forsberg, T. Kivimäki, and L. Laakso, eds. Europe in context. Insights to the foreign policy of the EU. Helsinki: Finnish International Studies Association, Publications N. 1, 105–119.
- Ojanen, H., 2011. The EU as a security actor: in and with the UN and NATO. In: D. Bourantonis and S. Blavoukos, eds. The EU presence in international organisations. Abingdon: Routledge, 61–77.
- Ojanen, H., 2017. Power in inter-organizational relations. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 365–388.
- Pawlak, P., 2017, Countering hybrid threats: EU-NATO cooperation. European Parliamentary Research Service Briefing, March. Brussels: European Parliament.
- Pernik, P., 2014. Improving cyber security: NATO and the EU. Tallinn: International Center for Defence Studies.
- Peters, I., 2004. The OSCE, NATO and the EU within the “network of interlocking European security institutions”: hierarchization, flexibilization, marginalization. In: IFSH, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg, ed., OSCE yearbook 2003. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 381–402.
- Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G.R., 1978. The external control of organizations. A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper and Row.
- Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G.R., 2003. The external control of organizations. A resource dependence perspective. 2nd ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Reichard, M., 2006. The EU-NATO relationship: a legal and political perspective. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Reinalda, B. and Kille, K., 2017. The evolvement of international secretariats, executive heads and leadership in inter-organizational relations. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 217–242.
- Reynolds, C., 2007. Governing security in the European Union: institutions as dynamics and obstacles. In: D. de Bievre and C. Neuhold, eds. Dynamics and obstacles of European governance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 51–76.
- Ries, F., 2017. Population ecology: how the environment influences the evolution of organizations. In: R. Biermann and J.A. Koops, eds. The Palgrave handbook of inter-organizational relations in world politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 157–168.
- Ross, S.A., 1973. The economic theory of agency: the principal’s problem. The American economic review, 63 (2), 134–139.
- Schleich, C., 2014. NATO and EU in conflict regulation: interlocking institutions and division of labour. Journal of transatlantic studies, 12 (2), 182–205. doi: 10.1080/14794012.2014.900970
- Schleich, C., 2015. Inter-institutionelle Kooperation von EU und NATO: Ein Vergleich der Konfliktmanagementsituationen im Kosovo und in Afghanistan. Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag.
- Scott, W.R., ed., 1998. Organizations. Rational, natural, and open systems. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
- Shanks, C., Jacobson, H.K., and Kaplan, J.H., 1996. Inertia and change in the constellation of international governmental organizations, 1981–1992. International organization, 50 (4), 593–627. doi: 10.1017/S002081830003352X
- Simón, L., 2010. The EU-NATO conundrum in context: bringing the state back in. In: D. Galbreath and C. Gebhard, eds. Cooperation or conflict? Problematizing organizational overlap in Europe. London: Ashgate, 99–120.
- Simón, L., 2013. Geopolitical change, grand strategy and European security: the EU-NATO conundrum in perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Singer, J.D., 1961. The level-of-analysis problem in International Relations, world politics. The international system: theoretical essays, 14 (1), 77–92.
- Sloan, S.R., 1990. NATO’s future in a New Europe: an American perspective. International affairs, 66 (3), 495–511. doi: 10.2307/2623070
- Sloan, S.R., 2002. NATO, the European Union and the Atlantic community: the transatlantic bargain reconsidered. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Smith, S.J., 2011. EU-NATO cooperation: a case of institutional fatigue? European security, 20 (2), 243–264. doi: 10.1080/09662839.2011.557771
- Smith, S.J., 2014. The European Union and NATO beyond berlin plus: the institutionalisation of informal cooperation. PhD thesis, Loughborough University. Available from: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/14341 [Accessed 4 June 2017].
- Smithers, P., 1979. Towards greater coherence among inter-governmental organizations through governmental control. In: B. Andemicael, ed. Regionalism and the United Nations. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana, 13–70.
- Snyder, J., 1990. Averting anarchy in the new Europe. International security, 14 (4), 5–41. doi: 10.2307/2538749
- Thompson, J.D., 1967. Organizations in action. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Thomson, D., 1965. General de Gaulle and the Anglo-Saxons. International affairs, 41 (1), 11–21. doi: 10.2307/2611945
- Van Eekelen, W. 1991. The role of the WEU in European security. Harvard international review, 14, 7–8.
- Valasek, T., 2007. The roadmap to better EU-NATO relations. Briefing Note. London: Centre of European Reform.
- Varwick, J. and Koops, J., 2009. The European Union and NATO: ‘shrewd interorganizationalism’ in the making? In: K.E. Jørgensen, ed. The European Union and international organizations. London: Routledge, 101–130.
- Waltz, K., 1959. Man, the state, and war. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Wenger, E., 1998. Communities of practice. Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Whitman, R., 2004. NATO, the EU and ESDP: an emerging division of labour? Contemporary security policy, 25 (3), 430–451. doi: 10.1080/1352326042000330592
- Wolfers, A., 1963. Integration in the West: the conflict of perspectives. International organization, 17 (3), 753–770. doi: 10.1017/S0020818300034640
- Zielonka, J., 1991. Europe’s security: a great confusion. International affairs, 67 (1), 127–137. doi: 10.2307/2621223