3,761
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Show them the flag: status ambitions and recognition in small state coalition warfare

&
Pages 16-32 | Received 12 Jun 2019, Accepted 06 Oct 2019, Published online: 14 Oct 2019

References

  • American Force Press Service. 2013. Hagel expresses thanks for Belgium’s support of security efforts. U.S. Department of Defence, Available from: https://archive.defense.gov/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=121055 [Accessed 5 June 2019].
  • Bailes, A.J.K., Bradley, A.T., and Thorhallsson, B., 2016. Alliance theory and alliance ‘Shelter’: the complexities of small state alliance behaviour. Third world thematics, 1 (1), 9–26. doi: 10.1080/23802014.2016.1189806
  • Beach, D., and Pedersen, R.B., 2016. Causal case study methods: foundations and guidelines for comparing, matching, and tracing. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press.
  • Beach, D., and Pedersen, R.B., 2019. Process-tracing methods: foundations and guidelines. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press.
  • Chivvis, C.S., 2014. Toppling Qaddafi Libya and the limits of liberal intervention. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coolsaet, R., 2014. België en zijn buitenlandse politiek 1830-2015. Leuven: Van Halewyck.
  • Crandall, M., and Varov, I., 2016. Developing status as a small state: Estonia’s foreign aid strategy. East European politics, 32 (4), 405–425. doi: 10.1080/21599165.2016.1221817
  • Dafoe, A., Renshon, J., and Huth, P., 2014. Reputation and status as motives for war. Annual review of political science, 17, 371–393. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-071112-213421
  • De Morgen. 2017. ‘Vandeput wil F-16’s langer boven Syrië en Irak’, 23 May.
  • De Tijd. 2016. ‘De relatie tussen Europa en de VS reikt verder dan 140 tekens’, 21 January.
  • De Standaard. 2014. ‘Barack Obama: “Brave Little Belgium”’, 26 March.
  • Di Rupo, E. 2012. S.E. Monsieur Elio Di Rupo, Premier Ministre du Royaume de Belgique lors de la 67ième Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies, New York, 26 September. https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/67/BE_fr.pdf.
  • Di Rupo, E. 2014. Speech by Elio Di Rupo, Prime Minister of Belgium during the visit of USA President Obama, Waregem, 26 March.
  • Fonck, D., and Reykers, Y., 2018. Parliamentarisation as a two-way process: explaining prior parliamentary consultation for military interventions. Parliamentary Affairs, 71 (3), 674–696. doi: 10.1093/pa/gsx081
  • Grieco, J., 1990. Cooperation among nations: Europe, America, and non-tariff barriers to Trade. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Græger, N., 2015. From ‘forces for good’ to ‘forces for status’? Small state military status seeking. In: B. de Carvalho, and I.B Neumann, eds. The quest for international standing. Small state status seeking. London: Routledge, 86–107.
  • Haesebrouck, T., 2017a. NATO burden sharing in Libya: a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of conflict resolution, 61 (10), 2235–2261. doi: 10.1177/0022002715626248
  • Haesebrouck, T., 2017b. EU member state participation in military operations: a configurational comparative analysis. Cambridge review of international affairs, 30 (2–3), 137–159. doi: 10.1080/09557571.2017.1313197
  • Jakobsen, P.V., Ringsmose, J., and Saxi, H.L., 2018. Prestige-seeking small states: Danish and Norwegian Military Contributions to U.S.-led operations. European journal of international security, 3 (2), 256–277. doi: 10.1017/eis.2017.20
  • Jakobsen, P.V., and Rynning, S., 2019. Denmark: happy to fight, will travel. International affairs, 95 (4), 877–895. doi: 10.1093/ia/iiz052
  • Koops, J., and Drieskens, E. 2012. Peacekeeping contributor profile: Belgium. Providing for peacekeeping. Online (date accessed 27.09.2019): http://www.providingforpeacekeeping.org/2014/04/03/contributor-profile-belgium/.
  • Kristensen, K.S., and Larsen, K.K., 2017. Denmark’s fight against irrelevance, or the alliance politics of ‘punching above your weight. In: M Wesley, ed. Global allies: comparing US alliances in the 21st century. Acton: ANU Press, 59–76.
  • Lepgold, J., 1998. NATO’s post-cold war collective action problem. International security, 23 (1), 78–106. doi: 10.1162/isec.23.1.78
  • Liégeois, M., and Glume, G., 2008. A small power under the blue helmet: the evolution of Belgian peacekeeping policy. Studia diplomatica, LXI (3), 111–138.
  • Massie, J., 2019. Why Canada goes to war: explaining combat participation in US-led coalitions. Canadian journal of political science. Online First. doi:10.1017/S0008423919000040.
  • Matlary, J.H., 2014. “Burden sharing after Afghanistan”. In: A.A. Michta, and P.S. Hilde, eds. The future of NATO: regional defense and global security. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 76–89.
  • McInnis, K.J. 2016. Coalition contributions to countering the Islamic state, August 24, Online. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R44135.pdf [Accessed 27 September 2019].
  • Mello, P.A., 2014. Democratic participation in armed conflict: military involvement in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Michel, C. 2016. Intervention de S.E. Monsieur Charles MICHEL Premier Ministre du Royaume de Belgique lors de la Débat général lors de la 71e Session de l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies. New York, 23 September.
  • Neumann, I.B., and de Cavalho, B., 2015. Introduction: small states and status. In: I.B. Neumann, and B. de Cavalho, eds. Small state status seeking: Norway’s quest for international standing. London: Routledge, 1–21.
  • Olson, M., and Zeckhauser, R., 1996. An economic theory of alliances. Review of economics and statistics, 48 (3), 266–279. doi: 10.2307/1927082
  • Oma, I., 2012. Explaining states’ burden-sharing behaviour within NATO. Cooperation and Conflict, 47 (4), 562–573. doi: 10.1177/0010836712462856
  • Oma, I.M., and Petersson, M., 2019. Exploring the role of dependence in influencing small states’ alliance contributions: a reputation mechanism argument and assessment. European security, 28 (1), 105–126. doi: 10.1080/09662839.2019.1589455
  • Oneal, J.R., 1990. Testing the theory of collective action: NATO defense burdens 1950–1984. Journal of conflict resolution, 34 (3), 426–448. doi: 10.1177/0022002790034003003
  • Pedersen, R.B., 2018. Bandwagon for status: changing patterns in the nordic states status-seeking strategies? International peacekeeping, 25 (2), 217–241. doi: 10.1080/13533312.2017.1394792
  • Pedersen, R.B., 2019. Jumping on the Bandwagon: status seeking as a driver for Sweden's involvement in NATO-led operations? International politics. doi:10.1057/s41311-019-00175-x.
  • Renard, T., 2016. Introduction: a fragmented external policy. Studia diplomatica, LXVIII (2), 3–8.
  • Reykers, Y., and Fonck, D., 2016. Who is controlling whom? An analysis of the Belgian federal parliament’s executive oversight capacities towards the military interventions in Libya (2011) and Iraq (2014-2015). Studia diplomatica, LXVIII (2), 91–110.
  • Reynders, D. 2015. Belgium-US relations, tracking the outlook. Speech at American Chamber of Commerce in Belgium. Brussels, 15 December.
  • Ringsmose, J., 2009. Paying for protection. Denmark’s Military expenditures during the Cold War. Cooperation and conflict, 44 (1), 73–97. doi: 10.1177/0010836708099722
  • Ringsmose, J., 2010. NATO burden sharing redux: continuity and change after the Cold War. Contemporary security policy, 31 (2), 319–338. doi: 10.1080/13523260.2010.491391
  • Rose, G., 1998. Neoclassical realism and theories of foreign policy. World politics, 51, 144–172. doi: 10.1017/S0043887100007814
  • Saideman, S., 2016. The ambivalent coalition: doing the least one can do against the Islamic state. Contemporary Security Policy, 37 (2), 289–305. doi: 10.1080/13523260.2016.1183414
  • Sandler, T., 1993. The economic theory of alliances: a survey. Journal of conflict resolution, 37 (3), 446–483. doi: 10.1177/0022002793037003003
  • Sauer, T., 2015. Deep cooperation by Belgian defence: absorbing the impact of declining defence budgets on national capabilities. Defence studies, 15 (1), 46–62. doi: 10.1080/14702436.2015.1005900
  • Schmitt, O., 2018. Allies that count: junior partners in coalition warfare. Washington: Georgetown University Press.
  • Snyder, G.H., 1984. The security dilemma in alliance politics. World politics, 36 (4), 461–495. doi: 10.2307/2010183
  • Snyder, G.H., 1997. Alliance politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Thorhallsson, B., and Wivel, A., 2006. Small states in the European union: what do we know and what would we like to know? Cambridge review of international affairs, 19 (4), 651–668. doi: 10.1080/09557570601003502
  • Walt, S.M., 2005. Taming American power: the global response to U.S. primacy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Wivel, A., and Crandall, M., 2019. Punching above their weight, but why? Explaining Denmark and Estonia in the transatlantic relationship. Journal of transatlantic studies, 17 (3), 392–419. doi: 10.1057/s42738-019-00020-2
  • Wohlforth, W.C., 2009. Unipolarity, status competition, and great power war. World politics, 61 (1), 28–57. doi: 10.1017/S0043887109000021
  • Wood, S., 2013. Prestige in world politics: history, theory, expression. International politics, 50 (3), 387–411. doi: 10.1057/ip.2013.13
  • Official documents
  • Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Verenigde Commissies voor de Buitenlandse Betrekkingen en de Landsverdediging (2014) Gedachtewisseling betreffende de toestand in Irak en de eventuele deelneming van België aan de internationale coalitie, 24/09/2014, DOC 54 0305/001.
  • Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Commissie voor Buitenlandse Betrekkingen (2014) Gedachtewisseling betreffende de toestand in Irak, 25/09/2014, DOC 54 0307/001.
  • Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Verenigde Commissies voor de Buitenlandse Betrekkingen en de Landsverdediging (2014) Gedachtewisseling betreffende de verlenging van de Belgische deelname aan de internationale coalitie tegen Islamitische Staat (IS), 13/11/2014, DOC 54 0613/001.
  • Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Plenaire Vergadering (2014) Integraal Verslag met Beknopt Verslag van de toespraken, 26/09/2014, CRIV 54 PLEN 005.
  • Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Verenigde Commissies voor de Buitenlandse Betrekkingen en de Landsverdediging (2016) Integraal verslag met vertaald beknopt verslag van toespraken, 18/05/2016, CRIV 54 COM 425.
  • Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Verenigde Commissies voor de Buitenlandse Betrekkingen en de Landsverdediging (2017) Integraal verslag met vertaald beknopt verslag van toespraken, 23/05/2017, CRIV 54 COM 670.
  • Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Verenigde Commissies voor de Buitenlandse Betrekkingen en de Landsverdediging (2017) Integraal verslag met vertaald beknopt verslag van toespraken, 05/07/2017, CRIV 54 COM 709.

List of interviews

  • Interview with Member of Parliament, Brussels, 14 July 2015.
  • Interview with Defense cabinet member, Brussels, 23 March 2016.
  • Interview with Defense cabinet member, Brussels, 13 July 2017.