Digital sovereignty, geopolitical imaginaries, and the reproduction of European identity

References

• Alam, S., et al., 2020. Globality and complexity of the semiconductor ecosystem. GSA Report. Available from: https://www.gsaglobal.org/globality-and-complexity-of-the-semiconductor-ecosystem-accenture-and-gsa-study/
   Google Scholar
• Autolitano, S. and Pawlowska, A., 2021. Europe’s quest for digital sovereignty: Gaia-X as a case study. Rome: Istituto Affari Internazionali, IAI Papers 21/14, March.
   Google Scholar
• Banchoff, T., 2002. Institutions, inertia and European Union research policy. Journal of common market studies, 40 (1), 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrinha, A. and Christou, G., 2022. Speaking sovereignty: The EU in the cyber domain. European Security, 31 (3), 356–376. doi:10.1080/09662839.2022.2102895.
   Google Scholar
• Barry, A. and Walters, W., 2003. From EURATOM to “complex systems”: technology and European government. Alternatives, 28 (3), 305–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaumier, G., et al., 2020. Global regulations for a digital economy: between new and old challenges. Global policy, 11 (4), 515–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellanova, R., Carrapico, H., and Duez, D., 2022. Digital/sovereignty and European security integration: An introduction. European Security, 31 (3), 337–355. doi:10.1080/09662839.2022.2101887.
   Google Scholar
• Bendiek, A. and Stürzer, I., 2022. Advancing European internal and external digital sovereignty: the Brussels effect and the EU-US Trade and Technology Council. Berlin: German Institute for International and Security Affairs, SWP Comment, 20, March.
   Google Scholar
• Bialasiewicz, L., ed., 2011. Europe in the world: EU geopolitics and the making of European space. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• BMWi, 2019. Das Projekt Gaia-X: Eine vernetzte Dateninfrastruktur als Wiege eines vitalen, europäischen Ökosystems. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie und Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Available from: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Digitale-Welt/das-projekt-gaia-x.html
   Google Scholar
• BMWi, 2020. Gaia-X: a pitch towards Europe. BMWi: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, Status Report on User Ecosystems and Requirements, May. Available from: https://www.data-infrastructure.eu/GAIAX/Redaktion/EN/Publications/gaia-x-a-pitch-towards-europe.html
   Google Scholar
• Bolognini, L. and Pelino, E., 2020. The “temptations” of the European and national cloud: amid political simplification and legal criticism. Istituto Italiano per la Privacy e la Valorizzazione dei Dati, 25 September.
   Google Scholar
• Braud, A., et al., 2021. The road to European digital sovereignty with Gaia-X and IDSA. IEEE network, 35 (2), 4–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bueger, C. and Gadinger, F., 2015. The play of international practice. International studies quarterly, 59 (3), 449–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burwell, F.G. and Propp. K., 2020. The European Union and the search for digital sovereignty: building “fortress Europe” or preparing for a new world? Issue Brief: Atlantic Council.
   Google Scholar
• Carrapico, H. and Barrinha, A., 2017. The EU as a coherent (cyber)security actor? Journal of common market studies, 55 (6), 1254–1272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartwright, M., 2020. Internationalising state power through the internet: Google, Huawei and geopolitical struggle. Internet policy review, 9 (3). doi:10.14763/2020.3.1494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christakis, T., 2020. “European digital sovereignty”: successfully navigating between the “Brussels effect” and Europe’s quest for strategic autonomy. Grenoble: Multidisciplinary Institute on Artificial Intelligence/Grenoble Alpes Data Institute, Studies on Digital Governance, 7 December.
   Google Scholar
• Christou, G., et al., 2010. European Union security governance: putting the ‘security’ back in. European security, 19 (3), 341–359.
   Google Scholar
• Crespi, F., et al., 2021. European technological sovereignty: an emerging framework for policy strategy. Intereconomics, 56 (6), 348–354.
   Google Scholar
• Culpepper, P.D. and Thelen, K., 2020. Are we all Amazon primed? Consumers and the politics of platform power. Comparative political studies, 53 (2), 288–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diez, T., 2004. Europe’s others and the return of geopolitics. Cambridge review of international affairs, 17 (2), 319–335.
   Google Scholar
• Eberle, J. and Daniel, J., 2022. Anxiety geopolitics: hybrid warfare, civilisational geopolitics, and the Janus-faced politics of anxiety. Political geography, 92, 102502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ENISA, 2019. ENISA threat landscape for 5G networks. Available from: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-for-5g-networks
   Google Scholar
• European Commission, 2019. Commission recommendation (EU) 2019/534 of 26 March 2019 cybersecurity of 5G networks. Document no. C/2019/2335.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission, 2021a. Declaration of the industrial alliance for processors and semiconductor technologies. Available from: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/alliance-processors-and-semiconductor-technologies
   Google Scholar
• European Commission, 2021b. 2030 digital compass: the European way for the digital decade. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions, COM (2021) 118 final. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/communication-digital-compass-2030_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• European Commission, 2021c. Digital sovereignty: commission kick-starts alliances for semiconductors and industrial cloud technologies. Press release Brussels, 19 July. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_3733
   Google Scholar
• European Union, 2020. Joint declaration: building the next generation cloud for businesses and the public sector in the EU, 15 October. Available from: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/towards-next-generation-cloud-europe
   Google Scholar
• Ezell, S., 2020. An allied approach to semiconductor leadership. Information Technology & Innovation Foundation. Available from: https://itif.org/publications/2020/09/17/allied-approach-semiconductor-leadership
   Google Scholar
• Farrand, B., and Carrapico, H., 2022. Digital sovereignty and taking back control: from regulatory capitalism to regulatory mercantilism in EU cybersecurity. European Security, 31 (3), 435–453. doi:10.1080/09662839.2022.2102896.
   Google Scholar
• Floridi, L., 2020. The fight for digital sovereignty: what it is, and why it matters, especially for the EU. Philosophy & technology, 33 (3), 369–378.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flyverbom, M., Deibert, R., and Matten, D., 2017. The governance of digital technology, big data, and the internet: new roles and responsibilities for business. Business & society, 58 (1), 3–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomart, T., Julien, N., and Tonon, C., 2018. Europe: subject or object in the geopolitics of data? Paris: Institut français des relations internationales, Études de l’ifri, July.
   Google Scholar
• Goodkind, N., 2021. Biden administration sounds the alarm on the semiconductor crisis. Financial Times, 17 January. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/e264fd41-7ee9-4fba-be3c-21446298efd9
   Google Scholar
• Government of the Czech Republic, 2019. Prague 5G security conference announced series of recommendations: the Prague proposals. Available from: https://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/aktualne/prague-5g-security-conference-announced-series-of-recommendations-the-prague-proposals-173422/
   Google Scholar
• Grüll, P. and Stolton, S., 2020. Altmaier charts Gaia-X as the beginning of a “European data ecosystem”. Euractiv, 5 June. Available from: https://www.euractiv.com/section/data-protection/news/altmaier-charts-gaia-x-as-the-beginning-of-a-european-data-ecosystem/
   Google Scholar
• Guzzini, S., ed., 2012. The return of geopolitics in Europe: social mechanisms and foreign policy identity crises. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hathaway, T., 2020. Neoliberalism as corporate power. Competition & change, 24 (3–4), 315–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helleiner, E., 2021. The return of national self-sufficiency? Excavating autarkic thought in a de-globalizing era. International studies review, 23 (3), 933–957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr, T., 2020. Four myths about the cloud: the geopolitics of cloud computing. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security.
   Google Scholar
• Hongpei, Z., 2021. Tencent makes foray into semiconductor chip business. Global Times, 15 July. Available from: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202107/1228798.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, P.T., 2011. The conduct of inquiry in international relations: philosophy of science and its implications for the study of world politics. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jasanoff, S., 2015. Future imperfect: science, technology, and the imaginations of modernity. In: S. Jasanoff and S. Kim, eds. Dreamscapes of modernity: sociotechnical imaginaries and the fabrication of power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1–33.
   Google Scholar
• Jinghua, L., 2020. The race of Chinese companies in the 5G competition. In: S. Dominioni and F. Rugge, eds. The geopolitics of 5G. Available from: https://www.ispionline.it/sites/default/files/pubblicazioni/dossier_cyber_5g_september_2020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jorge-Ricart, R., 2020. Gaia-X: an opportunity for the European digital sovereignty? Real Instituto Elcano Blog, 16 June. Available from: https://blog.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/gaia-x-an-opportunity-for-the-european-digital-sovereignty/
   Google Scholar
• Kagermann, H. and Wilhelm, U., eds., 2020. European public sphere: towards digital sovereignty for Europe. Munich: acatech IMPULSE.
   Google Scholar
• Kaina, V. and Karolewski, I.P., 2013. EU governance and European identity. Living reviews in European governance, 8 (1). Available from: http://www.europeangovernance-livingreviews.org/Articles/lreg-2013-1/
   Google Scholar
• Kar, R.M., and Thapa, B.E.P., 2020. Digitale Souveränität als strategische Autonomie. Umgang mit Abhängigkeiten im digitalen Staat. Berlin: Kompetenzzentrum Öffentliche IT - Fraunhofer-Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme FOKUS.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinhans, J., 2021. The lack of semiconductor manufacturing in Europe. Why the 2 nm fab is a bad investment. Berlin: Stiftung Neue Verantwortung Policy Brief.
   Google Scholar
• Komaitis, K., 2021. Europe’s ambition for digital sovereignty must not undermine the internet’s values. Computer fraud & security, 2021 (1), 11–13.
   Google Scholar
• Kuus, M., 2007. Geopolitics reframed: security and identity in Europe’s Eastern enlargement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Lambach, D. and Oppermann, K., 2022. Narratives of digital sovereignty in German political discourse. Governance, Early View. doi:10.1111/gove.12690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madiega, T., 2020. Digital sovereignty for Europe. Brussels: European Parliamentary Research Service, EPRS Ideas Paper, PE 651.992, July.
   Google Scholar
• Manor, I. and Segev, E., 2015. America’s selfie: how the US portrays itself on its social media accounts. In: C. Bjola and M. Holmes, eds. Digital diplomacy: theory and practice. London: Routledge, 89–108.
   Google Scholar
• Mattern, J.B., 2005. Ordering international politics: identity, crisis, and representational force. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J., Keohane, D., and Inagaki, K., 2021. Car manufacturing hit by global semiconductor shortage. Financial Times, 8 January. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/e264fd41-7ee9-4fba-be3c-21446298efd9
   Google Scholar
• Misa, T.J. and Schot, J., 2005. Introduction. Inventing Europe: technology and the hidden integration of Europe. History and technology, 21 (1), 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• NIS Cooperation Group, 2019. EU coordinated risk assessment of the cybersecurity of 5G networks. Report, October. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=62132
   Google Scholar
• NIS Cooperation Group, 2020. Cybersecurity of 5G networks EU Toolbox of risk mitigating measures. Report, January. Available from: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/cybersecurity-5g-networks-eu-toolbox-risk-mitigating-measures
   Google Scholar
• Nyman, J. and Burke, A., eds., 2016. Ethical security studies: a new research agenda. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Oertel, J., 2020. China: trust, 5G, and the coronavirus factor. In: C. Hobbs, ed. Europe’s digital sovereignty: from rulemaker to superpower in the age of US-China rivalry. London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 24–32.
   Google Scholar
• Pannier, A., 2021. The changing landscape of European cloud computing: Gaia-X, the French national strategy, and EU plans. Paris: Briefings de l’IFRI, 22 July.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, J. and Sharp, M., 1998. Technology policy in the European Union. Houndmills: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Pohle, J. and Thiel, T., 2019. Digitale vernetzung und Souveränität: Genealogie eines Spannungsverhältnisses. In: I. Borucki and W.J. Schünemann, eds. Internet und Staat: Perspektiven auf eine komplizierte Beziehung. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 57–80.
   Google Scholar
• Poitiers, N. and Weil, P., 2021. A new direction for the European Union’s half-hearted semiconductor strategy. Policy Contribution 17/2021, Bruegel.
   Google Scholar
• Sahin, K. and Barker, T., 2021. Europe’s capacity to act in the global tech race: charting a path for Europe in times of major technological disruption. Berlin: German Council on Foreign Relations, DGAP Report, No. 6/2021.
   Google Scholar
• Servan-Schreiber, J., 1967. Le Défi Américain. Paris: Denoël.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, J., 2020. Introduction: Europe’s digital sovereignty. In: C. Hobbs, ed. Europe’s digital sovereignty: from rulemaker to superpower in the age of US-China rivalry. London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 6–13.
   Google Scholar
• Skierka, I., 2020. Die 5G-Debatte: Ein Test für die „digitale Souveränität“ Europas. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Analyse & Argumente, July, No. 397.
   Google Scholar
• Stajano, A., 2009. Research, quality, competitiveness: European Union technology policy for the knowledge-based society. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, S., Schünemann, W.J., and Dimmroth, K., 2017. Outrage without consequences? Post-Snowden discourses and governmental practice in Germany. Media and communication, 5 (1), 7–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner, F. and Grzymek, V. 2020. Digitale Souveränität in der EU. Vision Europe July 2020. Bertelsmann Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Strategic Forum, 2019. Strengthening strategic value chains for a future-ready EU industry. Report of the Strategic Forum for Important Projects of Common European Interest. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/37824
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland, E., 2020. 5G security – the politics of Huawei equipment in the United Kingdom. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3654596
   Google Scholar