References
- Abdel-Shehid, Gamal. 2002. “Muhammad Ali: America's B-Side.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 26 (3): 317–325.
- Abdel-Shehid, Gamal. 2005. Who Da Man? Black Masculinities and Sporting Cultures. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press.
- Adams, Mary Louise. 2005. “The Game of Whose Lives? Gender, Race, and Entitlement in Canada's ‘National’ Game.” In Artificial Ice: Hockey, Commerce and Cultural Identity, edited by David Whitson, 71–85. Peterborough: Broadview Press.
- Alexander, Jacqui M. 1994. “Not Just (Any) Body Can Be a Citizen: The Politics of Law, Sexuality and Postcoloniality in Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas.” Feminist Review 48: 5–23.
- Allain, Kristi A. 2011. “Kid Crosby or Golden Boy: Sidney Crosby, Canadian National Identity, and the Policing of Hockey Masculinity.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 46 (1): 3–22.
- Arat-Koc, Sedef. 2005. “The Disciplinary Boundaries of Canadian Identity after September 11: Civilizational Identity, Multiculturalism, and the Challenge of Anti-Imperialist Feminism.” Social Justice 32 (4): 32–49.
- Backhouse, Constance. 1999. Colour Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900–1950. Toronto: The Osgoode Society.
- Bailey, Marlon M., and Rashad Shabazz. 2013. “Gender and Sexual Geographies of Blackness: Anti-Black Heterotopias (Part 1).” Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, doi:10.1080/0966369X.2013.786303.
- Bannerji, Himani. 1996. “Dark Side of the Nation: Politics of Multiculturalism and the State of ‘Canada’.” Journal of Canadian Studies 31 (3): 103–128.
- Borcea, Dana., and Vallance-Jones, Fred. 2006. “Pte. Mark Anthony Graham, a Member of 1st Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment.” Hamilton Spectator, September 7. Retrieved from http://www.redfridays.ca/memorial/graham_home.html.
- Brand, Dionne. 1994. “‘We Weren't Allowed to Go into Factory Work Until Hitler Started the War’: The 1920s to the 1940s.” In ‘We're Rooted Here and They Can't Pull Us Up’: Essays in African Canadian Women's History, edited by Peggy Bristow, 171–191. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Carrington, Ben. 2002. “Fear of a Black Athlete: Masculinity, Politics and the Body.” New Formations 45: 91–110.
- Carrington, Ben. 2010. Race, Sport and Politics: The Sporting Black Diaspora. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- “CBC Local News.” 2006. CBUT, Morning Edition, Vancouver, BC, September 6.
- Clarke, George Elliot. 1997a. “African-Canadian Geography: Mapping Black Presence in Atlantic Canada.” Border/Lines 45: 35–38.
- Clarke, George Elliot. 1997b. “White Like Canada.” Transition 73: 98–109.
- Cooper, Afua. 2000. “Constructing Black Women's Historical Knowledge.” Atlantis 25 (1): 39–50.
- Cooper, Afua. 2006. The Hanging of Angelique: The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal. Toronto: HarperCollins.
- Elcombe, Tim. 2010. “The Moral Equivalent of ‘Don Cherry’.” Journal of Canadian Studies 44 (2): 194–218.
- Fanon, Frantz. 1967. Black Skin, White Mask. Translated by Charles L. Markmann. New York: Grove Press.
- Farley, Anthony Paul. 1997. “The Black Body as Fetish Object.” Oregon Law Review 76 (3): 457–535.
- “Fight Chaos.” 2007. The National, CBC News Network, Toronto, ON, September 18.
- Former Olympian. 2006. Former Olympian killed in Afghanistan. Toronto: Canadian Press. Retrieved from http://www.tsn.ca/story/print/?id = 176498.
- Gordon, Avery. 1997. Ghostly Matters: Haunting and the Sociological Imagination. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Hughes, Langston. 1990. The Ways of White Folks. New York: Vintage Classics.
- Jackson, Peter. 1991. “The Cultural Politics of Masculinity: Towards a Social Geography.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 16 (2): 199–213.
- Jenkins, Tricia. 2013. “The Militarization of American Professional Sports: How the Sports-War Intertext Influences Athletic Ritual and Sports Media.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 37 (3): 245–260.
- King, Charles R. 2007. “Staging the Winter White Olympics: Or, Why Sport Matters to White Power.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 31 (1): 89–94.
- King, Samantha. 2008. “Offensive Lines: Sport-State Synergy in an Era of Perpetual War.” Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 8 (4): 527–539.
- Kusz, Kyle W. 2007. “From NASCAR Nation to Pat Tillman: Notes on Sport and the Politics of White Cultural Nationalism in Post-9/11 America.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 31 (1): 77–88.
- May, Jeff. 2014. “Racial Vibrations, Masculine Performances: Experiences of Homelessness among Young Men of Colour in the Greater Toronto Area.” Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, doi:10.1080/0966369X.2013.817970.
- McKittrick, Katherine. 2002. “‘Their Blood Is There, and They Can't Throw it Out’: Honouring Black Canadian Geographies.” Topia 7: 27–36.
- McKittrick, Katherine. 2006. Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Miller, Toby. 2001. Sport Sex. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
- Morrison, Toni. 1990. “The Site of Memory.” In Out There: Marginalization and Contemporary Culture, edited by Russell Ferguson, 299–305. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
- O'Leary, Jim. 1996. “Bailey Truly a Tale of Two Countries.” SLAM! Sports, July 28. http://www.canoe.ca/OlympicsColumnists/jul29_oleary.html.
- Pabst, Naomi. 2009. “An Unexpected Blackness.” Transition 100: 112–132.
- Philip, Nourbese M. 1992. Frontiers: Essays and Writings on Racism and Culture. Stratford: The Mercury Press.
- Razack, Sherene H. 2000. “From the ‘Clean Snows of Petawawa’: The Violence of Canadian Peacekeepers in Somalia.” Cultural Anthropology 15 (1): 127–163.
- Razack, Sherene H. 2005. “How Is White Supremacy Embodied? Sexualized Racial Violence at Abu Ghraib.” Canadian Journal of Women & the Law 17 (2): 341–363.
- Scherer, Jay, and Jordan Koch. 2010. “Living with War: Sport, Citizenship, and the Cultural Politics of Post-9/11 Canadian Identity.” Sociology of Sport Journal 27 (1): 1–29.
- Statistics Canada. 2007. 2006 Census: Immigration, Citizenship, Language, Mobility and Migration, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/071204/dq071204a-eng.htm.
- Statistics Canada. 2008. Aboriginal Peoples in Canada in 2006: Inuit, Métis and First Nations, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/censUS06/analysis/aboriginal/surpass.cfm.
- Thornhill, Esmerelda M. A. 2008. “So Seldom for Us, So Often against Us: Blacks and Law in Canada.” Journal of Black Studies 38 (3): 321–337.
- Walcott, Rinaldo. 1999. “Rhetorics of Blackness, Rhetorics of Belonging: The Politics of Representation in Black Canadian Expressive Culture.” Canadian Review of American Studies 29 (2): 1–24.
- Williams, Patricia J. 1997. Seeing a Color-Blind Future: The Paradox of Race. New York: The Noonday Press.
- Winks, Robin W. 1997. The Blacks in Canada: A History. Montreal, PQ: McGill-Queen's University Press.
- Yancy, George. 2012. Look a White!. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. http://muse.jhu.edu/.