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Original Articles

The Scale and Nature of Stalinist Repression and its Demographic Significance: On Comments by Keep and Conquest

Pages 1143-1159 | Published online: 02 Jul 2010

References

  • Wheatcroft , S. G. 1999 . `Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of Archival Data--Not the Last Word' . Europe-Asia Studies , 51 ( 2 ) : 315 – 345 .
  • Keep , John . 1999 . `Wheatcroft and Stalin's Victims: Comments' . Europe-Asia Studies , 51 ( 6 ) : 1089 – 1092 .
  • Conquest , Robert . 1999 . `Comment on Wheatcroft' . Europe-Asia Studies , 51 ( 8 ) : 1479 – 1483 .
  • Conquest , Robert . 1997 . `Victims of Stalinism: A Comment' . Europe-Asia Studies , 49 ( 7 ) : 1317 – 1319 .
  • 1998 . Memorial handbook: Sistema Ispravitel'no-Trudovykh Lagerei v SSSR. 193-1960: Spravochnik 526 – 527 . Moscow UITLK: Upravlenie Ispravitel'no-Trudovogo Lagerva i kohnii; OITK: Otdel Ispravitel' no-Trudovykh Kolonii. For a description of the territorial administrative structure of these agencies see
  • Wheatcroft , S.G. 1996 . `The Scale and Nature of German and Soviet Repression and Mass Killings, 1930-1945' . Europe-Asia Studies , 48 ( 8 ) : 1310 – 1353 .
  • Beck , F. and Godin , W. 1951 . Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession , 70 London : Hurst & Blackett . Incidentally this is also the view of some of the earliest of the camp literature. See
  • `Those who were aware of the atrocities in Nazi prisons and camps or had themselves experienced them … were bound to admit that there were no instances in Russian prisons of the arbitrary cruelty and systematic sadism so characteristic of Nazi methods' (p. 70). I would not go so far as these two eye-witnesses in saying that there were no instances, but there were certainly fewer.
  • In the pursuit of my studies I found it appropriate to acquire a specialist understanding of pre-revolutionary penal statistics. My first serious work in this area based on a detailed analysis of the statistics in the annual report of the Tsarist Central Prison Administration appears as a paper, `The Tsarist Prison System in the perspective of the Stalinist and Other Prison Systems', presented to the International Conference on `Colonial Places, Convict Spaces: Penal Transportation in Global Context, c. 1600-1940', University of Leicester, 9-10 December 1999.
  • Conquest . `Comment …' . 1480
  • 1995 . Rasatrel'nye Spiski, Vyp. 2, Vagan'kovskoe kladbishche, 1926-1936 , 281 – 282 . Moscow : Memorial .
  • 1995 . Leningradskii Martirolog, 1937-1938, vol. 1, August-September 1937 vol. 1 , 33 – 38 . St Petersburg
  • Petrov , N. V. and Roginsky , A. B. 1997 . “ `"Pol'skaya operatsiya" NKVD 1937-1938gg.' ” . In Repressii protiv polyakov i pol' skikh grazhdan 22 – 43 . Moscow For a description of the largest of these, `the Polish Operations' NKVD order 00485, see
  • These data were compiled by A. N. Dugin in his unpublished draft A. N. Dugin Neizvestnyi Gulag (Dokumenty i fakty), Moscow, 1992, documents 36, 41, 43, 47, 52 and 55. A slightly different version of Document 52 covering data for 1950 had earlier been published in A. Dugin & A. Malygin, `Gulag …', Soyuz, 1990, 26, p. 13. I am grateful to Edwin Bacon for making these materials available to me.

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