1,973
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The Art of the Impossible: Political Symbolism, and the Creation of National Identity and Collective Memory in Post-Soviet Turkmenistan

Pages 1167-1187 | Published online: 25 Aug 2009

References

  • Adams , L. 2004 . “ ‘Cultural Elites in Uzbekistan: Ideological Production and the State’ ” . In The Transformation of Central Asia: States and Societies from Soviet Rule to Independence , Edited by: Luong , P. J. Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Alimov , K. Z. 1994 . “ ‘The Rediscovery of Uzbek History and its Foreign Policy Implications’ ” . In The Legacy of History in Russia and the New States of Eurasia , Edited by: Starr , S. F. Armonk , NY : M. E. Sharpe .
  • Åman , A. 1992 . Architecture and Ideology in Eastern Europe during the Stalin Era: An Aspect of Cold War History , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
  • Amansariev , B. 2003 . ‘Revived Spirituality’ . Miras , 1
  • Amansariev , B. 2004 . ‘Unfading Symbol of Courage’ . Miras , 2
  • Anacker , S. 2003 . ‘Geographies of Power in Nazarbayev's Astana’ . Eurasian Geography and Economics , 45 ( 7 )
  • Azaryahu , M. 1997 . ‘German Reunification and the Politics of Street Names: The Case of East Berlin’ . Political Geography , 16 ( 3 )
  • Barthold , V. V. 1962 . Four Studies on the History of Central Asia , Leiden : Brill .
  • Bell , J. 1998 . ‘Redefining National Identity in Uzbekistan: Symbolic Tensions in Tashkent's Official Public Landscape’ . Ecumene , 9 ( 6 )
  • Benton , C. 2004a . “ ‘Introduction’ ” . Edited by: Benton , C.
  • Benton C. Figuration/Abstraction: Strategies for Public Sculpture in Europe, 1945–1968 Ashgate Aldershot 2004b
  • Corney , F. C. 2004 . Telling October: Memory and the Making of the Bolshevik Revolution , Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Crowley , D. and Reid , S. E. 2002 . “ ‘Socialist Spaces: Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc’ ” . In Socialist Spaces: Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc , Edited by: Crowley , D. and Reid , S. E. Oxford : Berg .
  • Edelman , M. 1995 . From Art to Politics: How Artistic Creations Shape Political Conceptions , Chicago , IL : Chicago University Press .
  • Edgar , A. L. 2004 . Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Forest , B. and Johnson , J. 2002 . ‘Unravelling the Threads of History: Soviet-Era Monuments and Post-Soviet National Identity in Moscow’ . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 92 ( 3 )
  • Foucault , M. 2002 . “ ‘Space, Knowledge and Power’ ” . In Power: The Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984 , Edited by: Faubion , J. D. Vol. III , London : Penguin .
  • Fowkes , R. 2004 . “ ‘Soviet War Memorials in Eastern Europe, 1945–1974’ ” . Edited by: Benton , C.
  • Geiss , P. G. 2003 . Pre-Tsarist and Tsarist Central Asia: Communal Commitment and Political Order in Change , London : RoutledgeCurzon .
  • Gillis , J. R. 1994b . “ ‘Memory and Identity: The History of a Relationship’ ” . Edited by: Gillis , J. R.
  • Gillis J. R. Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity Princeton University Press Princeton , NJ 1994b
  • Goonewardena , K. 2004 . “ ‘Aborted Identity: The Commission and Omission of a Monument to the Nation, Sri Lanka circa 1989’ ” . Edited by: Walkowitz , D. J. and Knauer , L. M.
  • Grant , J. 2001 . ‘The Dark Side of the Grid: Power and Urban Design’ . Planning Perspectives , 16
  • Gudkov , L. 2005 . ‘The Fetters of Victory: How the War Provides Russia with its Identity’ . Eurozine , 3 May
  • Gurbanov , M. B. 2001 . ‘Ten Years of the Cultural Revival of Independent Turkmenistan’ . Miras , 3
  • Harloe , M. 1996 . “ ‘Cities in the Transition’ ” . In Cities After Socialism: Urban and Regional Change and Conflict in Post-Socialist Societies , Edited by: Andrusz , G. , Harloe , M. and Szelenyi , I. Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Haugen , A. 2003 . The Establishment of National Republics in Soviet Central Asia , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Huggler , J. 2004 . ‘Is This the World's Craziest Dictator?’ . The Independent , 14 April
  • Hunt , L. 1986 . Politics, Culture and Class in the French Revolution , London : Methuen .
  • Istoriya . 1978a . Istoriya Industrializatsii Turkmenskoi SSR, Tom 1 , Ilim : Ashgabat .
  • Istoriya . 1978b . Istoriya Industrializatsii Turkmenskoi SSR, Tom 2 , Ilim : Ashgabat .
  • Jack , M. 2002 . ‘His Own Little USSR’ . Financial Times , 7 December
  • Kacnelson , J. I. , Azizov , A. K. and Visocky , E. M. 1987 . Architektura Sovietskoi Turkmenii , Moscow : Stroyisdat .
  • Karimov , I. A. 1998 . Uzbekistan on the Threshold of the Twenty-First Century: Challenges to Stability and Progress , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Kertzer , D. 1988 . Ritual, Power and Politics , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
  • Klevniuk , O. 1998 . ‘Les Mechanisms De La “Grand Terreur” des Annés 1937–1938 au Turkmenistan’ . Cahiers du monde russe , 39
  • Knauer , L. M. and Walkowitz , D. J. 2004 . “ ‘Introduction’ ” . Edited by: Walkowitz , D. J. and Knauer , L. M.
  • König , W. 1962 . Die Achal-Teke: Zur Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft einer Turkmenen-Gruppe Im 19. Jahrhundert , Leipzig : Veröffentlichungen des Museums für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig .
  • Koonz , C. 1994b . “ ‘Between Memory and Oblivion: Concentration Camps in German Memory’ ” . Edited by: Gillis , J. R.
  • Kulturnoe . 1958 . Kulturnoe Stroitelstva, SSSR, Central Statistical Board of the USSR, Council of Ministers , Moscow : Foreign Languages Publishing House .
  • Lane , C. 1981 . The Rites of Rulers: Ritual in an Industrial Society—The Soviet Case , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • March , A. 2003 . ‘From Leninism to Karimovism: Hegemony, Ideology and Authoritarian Legitimation’ . Post-Soviet Affairs , 19 ( 4 )
  • Megoran , N. 2005 . ‘The Critical Geopolitics of Danger in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan’ . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 23 ( 4 )
  • Mitchell , K. 2003 . ‘Monuments, Memorials and the Politics of Memory’ . Urban Geography , 24 ( 5 )
  • Mumford , L. 1938 . The Culture of Cities , New York : Harcourt .
  • Nepesova , R. G. and Tugiev , C. R. 2001 . ‘The Holy Ruhnama and the Students’ . Miras , 4
  • Nissman , D. 1983 . ‘Iran and Soviet Islam: The Azerbaijan and Turkmen SSR’ . Central Asian Survey , 2 ( 4 )
  • Northrop , D. 2004 . Veiled Empire: Gender and Power in Stalinist Central Asia , Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Nurbadov , K. 2002 . ‘The Holy Rukhnama and the Alphabet of Turkmenbashi’ . Miras , 2
  • Odekov , R. V. 2001 . ‘The Holy Rukhnama is Unbottomed Fount of Wisdom and Eternal Verities’ . Miras , 4
  • O'Donovan , E. 1882 . “ ‘Merv and its Surroundings’ ” . In The Country of the Turkomans: An Anthology of Exploration from the Royal Geographical Society , Edited by: Anon . London : Oguz Press .
  • Osborn , A. 2007 . ‘Putin's “Successor” Picks Fight with Estonia’ . The Independent , 6 April
  • Pauleson , G. 1948 . ‘In Search of a New Monumentality’ . Architectural Review , September
  • Roubal , P. 2003 . ‘The Politics of Gymnastics: Mass Gymnastic Displays under Communism in Central and Eastern Europe’ . Body and Society , 9 ( 2 )
  • Sabol , S. 2003 . Russian Colonization of Central Asia and the Genesis of Kazak National Consciousness , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Saray , M. 1989 . The Turkmens in the Age of Imperialism , Ankara : Turkish Historical Society .
  • Schatz , E. 2004 . ‘What Capital Cities say about State and Nation-Building’ . Nationalism and Ethnic Politics , 9 ( 4 )
  • Stites , R. 1989 . Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Tumarkin , N. 1983 . Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Turkmen , F. 2003 . ‘Ruhnama in Soul and Spirit of Turkmen’ . Miras , 3
  • Turkmenbashi , S. 2001 . Ruhnama: Reflections on the Spiritual Values of the Turkmen , Vol. One , Ashgabat : Turkmen dowlet nesirat gullugy .
  • Turkmenbashi , S. 2004 . Strategic Partnership in the Ideals of Peace and Humanism , Ashgabat : Turkmen dowlet nesirat gullugy .
  • Vambery , A. 1865 . Travels in Central Asia: Being the Account of a Journey from Teheran across the Turkoman Desert on the Eastern Shore of the Caspian to Khiva, Bokhara and Samarkand Performed in the Year 1863 , New York : Harper .
  • Verschaffel , B. 1999 . ‘The Monumental: On the Meaning of a Form’ . Journal of Architecture , 4 ( 4 )
  • Walkowitz D. J. Knauer L. M. Memory and the Impact of Political Transformation in Public Space Duke University Press Durham , NC 2004
  • Walzer , M. 1967 . ‘On the Role of Symbolism in Political Thought’ . Political Science Quarterly , 82
  • Yaziyev , A. 2003 . ‘Cultural Doctrine of Saparmurat Turkmenbashi the Great’ . Miras , 4
  • Yiftachel , O. 1998 . ‘Planning and Social Control: Exploring the Dark Side’ . Journal of Planning Literature , 12 ( 4 )
  • Yurchak , A. 2006 . Everything was Forever, Until it was no More: The Last Soviet Generation , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.