554
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Authoritarian Electoral Engineering and its Limits: A Curious Case of the Imperiali Highest Averages Method in Russia

References

  • Ackaert, A. J. (1990) ‘Imperiali, D'Hondt en Niemeyer als verdelingstechnieken bij de gemeenteraadsverkiezingen: een simulatie aan de hand van de gemeenteraadsverkiezingen van 9 oktober 1988’, Res Publica, 32, 4.
  • Beaufays, J. & Breny, H. (1971) ‘La representation proportionelle dans les systèmes électoraux belges’, Annales de la Faculté de Droit de Liège, 16.
  • Benoit, K. (2000) ‘Which Electoral Formula is the Most Proportional? A New Look with New Evidence’, Political Analysis, 8, 4.
  • Benoit, K. (2004) ‘Models of Electoral System Change’, Electoral Studies, 23, 3.
  • Birch, S., Millard, F., Popescu, M. & Williams, K. (2002) Embodying Democracy: Electoral System Design in Post-Communist Europe (New York, NY, Palgrave Macmillan)
  • Blaydes, L. (2011) Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak's Egypt (New York, NY, Cambridge University Press)
  • Boix, C. (1999) ‘Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies’, American Political Science Review, 93, 3.
  • Boix, C. (2010) ‘Electoral Markets, Party Strategies, and Proportional Representation’, American Political Science Review, 104, 2.
  • Brumberg, D. (2002) ‘The Trap of Liberalized Autocracy’, Journal of Democracy, 13, 4.
  • Bunce, V. J. & Wolchik, S. L. (2010) ‘Defeating Dictators: Electoral Change and Stability in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes’, World Politics, 62, 1.
  • Chaisty, P. (2006) Legislative Politics and Economic Power in Russia (Basingstoke, Palgrave)
  • Colomer, J. (2004a) ‘The Strategy and History of Electoral System Choice’, in Colomer, J. (ed.) (2004b).
  • Colomer, J. (ed.) (2004b) Handbook of Electoral System Choice (Basingstoke & New York, NY, Palgrave Macmillan)
  • Colton, T. J. & McFaul, M. (2003) Popular Choice and Managed Democracy: The Russian Elections of 1999 and 2000 (Washington, DC, Brookings Institute Press)
  • Council of Europe (2000) Participation of Citizens in Local Public Life (Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing)
  • Diaz-Cayeros, A. & Magaloni, B. (2004) ‘Mexico: Designing Electoral Rules by a Dominant Party’, in Colomer, J. (ed.) (2004b).
  • Eisenstadt, T. A. (2004) Courting Democracy in Mexico: Party Strategies and Electoral Institutions (New York, NY, Cambridge University Press)
  • Gallagher, M. (1992) ‘Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities’, British Journal of Political Science, 22, 4.
  • Gandhi, J. & Lust-Okar, E. (2009) ‘Elections under Authoritarianism’, Annual Review of Political Science, 12.
  • Gandhi, J. & Przeworski, A. (2006) ‘Cooperation, Cooptation and Rebellion under Dictatorship’, Economics and Politics, 18, 1.
  • Gel'man, V. (2008) ‘Party Politics in Russia: From Competition to Hierarchy’, Europe-Asia Studies, 60, 6.
  • Golosov, G. V. (1997) ‘Russian Political Parties and the Bosses: Evidence from the 1994 Provincial Elections in Western Siberia’, Party Politics, 3, 1.
  • Golosov, G. V. (2003) ‘Electoral Systems and Party Formation in Russia: A Cross-Regional Analysis’, Comparative Political Studies, 36, 8.
  • Golosov, G. V. (2004) Political Parties in the Regions of Russia: Democracy Unclaimed (Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner)
  • Golosov, G. V. (2006) ‘The Structure of Party Alternatives and Voter Choice in Russia: Evidence from the 2003–2004 Regional Legislative Elections’, Party Politics, 12, 6.
  • Golosov, G. V. (2011) ‘The Regional Roots of Electoral Authoritarianism in Russia’, Europe-Asia Studies, 63, 4.
  • Golosov, G. V. (2012) ‘The 2012 Political Reform in Russia: The Interplay of Liberalizing Concessions and Authoritarian Corrections’, Problems of Post-Communism, 59, 6.
  • Golosov, G. V. (2013a) ‘Proportional Representation and Authoritarianism: Evidence from Russia's Regional Election Law Reform’, Representation, 49, 1.
  • Golosov, G. V. (2013b) ‘Authoritarian Party Systems: Patterns of Emergence, Sustainability and Survival’, Comparative Sociology, 12, 5.
  • Goode, J. P. (2010) ‘The Fall and Rise of Regionalism?’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 26, 2.
  • Greene, K. F. (2002) ‘Opposition Party Strategy and Spatial Competition in Dominant Party Regimes: A Theory and the Case of Mexico’, Comparative Political Studies, 35, 7.
  • Hale, H. E. (2004) ‘The Origins of United Russia and the Putin Presidency: The Role of Contingency in Party-system Development’, Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 12, 2.
  • Hale, H. E. (2006) Why not Parties in Russia? Democracy, Federalism and the State (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
  • Hassner, P. (2008) ‘Russia's Transition to Autocracy’, Journal of Democracy, 19, 2.
  • Herron, E. S. (2002) ‘Mixed Electoral Rules and Party Strategies: Responses to Incentives by Ukraine's Rukh and Russia's Yabloko’, Party Politics, 8, 6.
  • Ivanchenko, A., Kynev, A. & Lyubarev, A. (2005) Proportsional'naya izbiratel'naya sistema v Rossii: Istoriya, sovremennoe sostoyanie, perspektivy (Moscow, Aspekt Press)
  • Khamraev, V. (2011) ‘Lyubaya mnogopartiinaya sistema stremitsya k dvukhpartiinoi’, Kommersant Online, 10 May, available at: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-rss/1637330, accessed 20 October 2012.
  • Konitzer, A. & Wegren, S. K. (2006) ‘Federalism and Political Recentralization in the Russian Federation: United Russia as the Party of Power’, Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 36, 4.
  • Lebeda, T. (2004) ‘Volební reforma v ČR. Zmařený pokus z let 1998–2002’, in Novák, M. & Lebeda, T. (eds) Volební a stranické systémy. ČR v mezinárodním srovnání (Dobrá Voda, Aleš Čeněk)
  • Levitsky, S. & Way, L. (2002) ‘The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism’, Journal of Democracy, 13, 2.
  • Lijphart, A. (1994) Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945–1990 (Oxford, Oxford University Press)
  • Lijphart, A. & Grofman, B. (1984) ‘Choosing an Electoral System’, in Lijphart, A. & Grofman, B. (eds) Choosing an Electoral System (New York, NY, Praeger)
  • Lust-Okar, E. (2005) Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions (New York, NY, Cambridge University Press)
  • Lust-Okar, E. & Jamal, A. A. (2002) ‘Rulers and Rules: Reassessing the Influence of Regime Type on Electoral Law Formation’, Comparative Political Studies, 35, 3.
  • Lyubarev, A. (2011) ‘Electoral Legislation in Russian Regions’, Europe-Asia Studies, 63, 3.
  • Lyubarev, A. & Golosov, G. (2007) ‘Chisto rossiiskoe izobretenie’, Nezavisimaya gazeta, 28 June, available at: http://www.ng.ru/ideas/2007-06-28/9_invention.html, accessed 27 August 2014.
  • Magaloni, B. (2006) Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
  • Magaloni, B. & Kricheli, R. (2010) ‘Political Order and One-party Rule’, Annual Review of Political Science, 13.
  • March, L. (2006) ‘The Contemporary Russian Left after Communism: Into the Dustbin of History?’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 22, 4.
  • March, L. (2009) ‘Managing Opposition in a Hybrid Regime: Just Russia and Parastatal Opposition’, Slavic Review, 68, 3.
  • McFaul, M. & Stoner-Weiss, K. (2008) ‘The Myth of the Authoritarian Model: How Putin's Crackdown Holds Russia Back’, Foreign Affairs, 87, 1.
  • Melvin, N. J. (1998) ‘The Consolidation of a New Regional Elite: The Case of Omsk 1987–1995’, Europe-Asia Studies, 50, 4.
  • Moraski, B. (2006) Elections by Design: Parties and Patronage in Russia's Regions (DeKalb, IL, Northern Illinois University Press)
  • Myagkov, M., Ordeshook, P. C. & Shakin, D. (2009) The Forensics of Election Fraud: Russia and Ukraine (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
  • Norris, P. (2004) Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behaviour (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
  • Panov, P. & Ross, C. (2013) ‘Sub-National Elections in Russia: Variations in United Russia's Domination of Regional Assemblies’, Europe-Asia Studies, 65, 4.
  • Pepinsky, T. (2007) ‘Autocracy, Elections, and Fiscal Policy: Evidence from Malaysia’, Studies in Comparative International Development, 42, 1–2.
  • Pepinsky, T. (2014) ‘The Institutional Turn in Comparative Authoritarianism’, British Journal of Political Science, 44, 3.
  • Pripstein Posusney, M. (2002) ‘Multi-party Elections in the Arab World: Institutional Engineering and Oppositional Strategies’, Studies in Comparative International Development, 36, 4.
  • Pushkarskaya, A. (2011) ‘Konstitutsionnyi sud naputstvoval regiony na vybory’, Kommersant, 11 July, available at: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1676623, accessed 27 August 2014.
  • Rahat, G. & Hazan, R. Y. (2011) ‘The Barriers to Electoral System Reform: A Synthesis of Alternative Approaches’, West European Politics, 34, 3.
  • Renwick, A. (2010) The Politics of Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of Democracy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
  • Reuter, O. J. & Remington, T. F. (2009) ‘Dominant Party Regimes and the Commitment Problem: The Case of United Russia’, Comparative Political Studies, 42, 4.
  • Riggs, J. W. & Schraeder, P. J. (2005) ‘Russia's Political Party System as a (Continued) Impediment to Democratization: The 2003 Duma and 2004 Presidential Elections in Perspective’, Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 13, 1.
  • Ross, C. (2005) ‘Federalism and Electoral Authoritarianism under Putin’, Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 13, 3.
  • Sartori, G. (1968) ‘Political Development and Political Engineering’, in Montgomery, J. & Hirschman, A. (eds) Public Policy (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press)
  • Schedler, A. (ed.) (2006) Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition (Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner)
  • Shalaev, N. (2009) ‘Opyt ispol'zovaniya sistemy delitelei Imperiali v regionakh Rossii’, Rossiiskoe elektoral'noe obozrenie, 3, 1.
  • Sharafutdinova, G. (2010) ‘How Putin Changed the Contract with his Agents and the Problems it Created for Medvedev’, Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 40, 4.
  • Shevchenko, I. & Golosov, G. V. (2001) ‘Legislative Activism of Russian Duma Deputies, 1996–1999’, Europe-Asia Studies, 53, 2.
  • Siavelis, P. & Valenzuela, A. (1996) ‘Electoral Engineering and Democratic Stability: The Legacy of Authoritarian Rule in Chile’, in Waisman, C. & Lijphart, A. (eds) Institutional Design in New Democracies (Boulder, CO, Westview Press)
  • Smyth, R. (2006) Candidate Strategies and Electoral Competition in the Russian Federation: Democracy without Foundation (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
  • Taagepera, R. (2003) ‘Arend Lijphart's Dimensions of Democracy: Logical Connections and Institutional Design’, Political Studies, 51, 1.
  • Taagepera, R. & Shugart, M. S. (1989) Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press)
  • Thames, F. C.Jr (2001) ‘Legislative Voting Behaviour in the Russian Duma: Understanding the Effect of Mandate’, Europe-Asia Studies, 53, 6.
  • Van den Bergh, G. (1955) Unity in Diversity: A Systematic Critical Analysis of All Electoral Systems (London, Batsford)
  • White, S. & Kryshtanovskaya, O. (2011) ‘Changing the Russian Electoral System: Inside the Black Box’, Europe-Asia Studies, 63, 4.
  • Wright, J. (2008) ‘Do Authoritarian Institutions Constrain? How Legislatures Affect Economic Growth and Investment’, American Journal of Political Science, 52, 2.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.