Economic Growth and the Feminisation of Political Science in Kazakhstan: A Leaky Pipeline?

References

• Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L., Yudkevich, M., Androushchak, G. & Pacheco, I. F. (2012) ‘Academic Remuneration and Contracts: Global Trends and Realities’, in Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L. & Pacheco, I. F. (eds) Paying the Professoriate (London, Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Ashimbaev, D. A. (2012) Who’s Who in Kazakhstan: Biographical Encyclopaedia (Almaty, Nisa).
   Google Scholar
• Bank, B. J. (2011) Gender and Higher Education (Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Becker, G. S., Hubbard, W. H. & Murphy, K. M. (2010) ‘Explaining the Worldwide Boom in Higher Education of Women’, Journal of Human Capital, 4, 3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, G. S. & Lewis, H. G. (1973) ‘On the Interaction Between the Quantity and Quality of Children’, Journal of Political Economy, 81, 2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissenova, A. & Medeuova, K. (2016) ‘Davlenie metropolii i tikhii natsionalizm akademicheskikh praktik’, Ab Imperio, 4.
   Google Scholar
• Cann, D. M. (2008) ‘Modeling Committee Chair Selection in the US House of Representatives’, Political Analysis, 16, 3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles, M. (2011) ‘A World of Difference: International Trends in Women’s Economic Status’, Annual Review of Sociology, 37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles, M. & Bradley, K. (2002) ‘Equal but Separate? A Cross-National Study of Sex Segregation in Higher Education’, American Sociological Review, 67, 4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles, M. & Bradley, K. (2009) ‘Indulging Our Gendered Selves? Sex Segregation by Field of Study in 44 Countries’, American Journal of Sociology, 114, 4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, S. (2005) Kazakhstan: Power and Elite (London, IB Tauris).
   Google Scholar
• Deaton, A. (2013) The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Deyoung, A. J. & Constantine, E. A. (2009) ‘Re-gendered Education and Society in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of Central Asia’, in Baker, D. P. & Wiseman, A. W. (eds) Gender, Equality and Education from International and Comparative Perspectives (Bingley, Emerald JAI Press).
   Google Scholar
• Diprete, T. A. & Buchmann, C. (2006) ‘Gender-Specific Trends in the Value of Education and the Emerging Gender Gap in College Completion’, Demography, 43, 1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doepke, M. & Tertilt, M. (2009) ‘Women’s Liberation: What’s in it for Men?’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124, 4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• England, P. & Li, S. (2006) ‘Desegregation Stalled: The Changing Gender Composition of College Majors, 1971–2002’, Gender & Society, 20, 5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H., Kemelgor, C. & Uzzi, B. (2000) Athena Unbound: The Advancement of Women in Science and Technology (New York, NY, Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Gainous, J. & Wagner, K. (2007) ‘The Electronic Ballot Box: A Rational Voting Model for Class, Age, and Racial Bias’, American Review of Politics, 28, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Gainous, J. & Wagner, K. M. (2011) Rebooting American Politics: The Internet Revolution (Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield).
   Google Scholar
• Galor, O. (2012) ‘The Demographic Transition: Causes and Consequences’, Cliometrica, 6, 1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galor, O. & Weil, D. N. (1993) The Gender Gap, Fertility, and Growth, NBER Working Paper 4550 (Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research), available at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w4550, accessed 28 May 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, T. P. & Cheung, S. Y. (2008) ‘Horizontal Stratification in Postsecondary Education: Forms, Explanations, and Implications’, Annual Review of Sociology, 34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber, T. P. & Schaefer, D. R. (2004) ‘Horizontal Stratification of Higher Education in Russia: Trends, Gender Differences, and Labor Market Outcomes’, Sociology of Education, 77, 1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill, J. (2014) Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach (London, CRC Press).
   Google Scholar
• Goldin, C. (2006) ‘The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women’s Employment, Education, and Family’, American Economic Review, 96, 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin, C., Katz, L. F. & Kuziemko, I. (2006) ‘The Homecoming of American College Women: The Reversal of the College Gender Gap’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20, 4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, J., Seshadri, A. & Yorukoglu, M. (2005) ‘Engines of Liberation’, The Review of Economic Studies, 72, 1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyneman, S. P. (2010) ‘A Comment on the Changes in Higher Education in the Former Soviet Union’, European Education, 42, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Ibraev, A. Z., Kul’evskaya, Y. G., Ulez’ko, G. & Galants, E. (2015) ‘Reforming the System of Research-Staff Training: Doctoral (PhD) Education in Kazakhstan’, Scientific and Technical Information Processing, 42, 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, L. E., Schoonbroodt, A. & Tertilt, M. (2008) Fertility Theories: Can They Explain the Negative Fertility–Income Relationship?, NBER Working Paper 14266 (Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research), available at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w14266, accessed 28 May 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Junisbai, A. K. (2014) ‘The Determinants of Economic System Legitimacy in Kazakhstan’, Europe-Asia Studies, 66, 8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabeer, N. (2005) ‘Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: A Critical Analysis of the Third Millennium Development Goal 1’, Gender & Development, 13, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Kalanova, S. (2012) ‘Academic Salaries in Kazakhstan’, in Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L. & Pacheco, I. F. (eds) Paying the Professoriate (London, Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Kassen, M. (2019) ‘What does it mean to be a Political Scientist in a Transitional Society? Reflections from Kazakhstan’, Political Studies Review, 17, 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelleher, F., Severin, F. O., Samson, M., De, A., Afamasaga-Wright, T. & Sedere, U. M. (2011) Women and the Teaching Profession: Exploring the Feminisation Debate (London, Commonwealth Secretariat and Unesco), available at: https://www.globalpartnership.org/sites/default/files/UNESCO-2011-Women-and-the-teaching-profession.pdf, accessed 28 May 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Kulis, S., Sicotte, D. & Collins, S. (2002) ‘More than a Pipeline Problem: Labor Supply Constraints and Gender Stratification Across Academic Science Disciplines’, Research in Higher Education, 43, 6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushkumbayev, S. (2014) ‘Origins of the Teaching of Political Science’, in Nasimova, G., Askeeva, G. & Saitova, N. (eds).
   Google Scholar
• Kuzhabekova, A. & Almukhambetova, A. (2017) ‘Female Academic Leadership in the Post-Soviet Context’, European Educational Research Journal, 16, 2–3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, P. (2004) Bayesian Statistics: An Introduction (New York, NY, Hodder Education Publishers).
   Google Scholar
• Leslie, S.-J., Cimpian, A., Meyer, M. & Freeland, E. (2015) ‘Expectations of Brilliance Underlie Gender Distributions Across Academic Disciplines’, Science, 347, 6219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutter, M. & Schröder, M. (2016) ‘Who Becomes a Tenured Professor, and Why? Panel Data Evidence from German Sociology, 1980–2013’, Research Policy, 45, 5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monkman, K. (2011) Framing Gender, Education and Empowerment (London, Sage).
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, S. L., Gelbgiser, D. & Weeden, K. A. (2013) ‘Feeding the Pipeline: Gender, Occupational Plans, and College Major Selection’, Social Science Research, 42, 4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley, L. (2014) ‘Lost Leaders: Women in the Global Academy’, Higher Education Research & Development, 33, 1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley, L. & Crossouard, B. (2016) ‘Women’s Leadership in the Asian Century: Does Expansion Mean Inclusion?’, Studies in Higher Education, 41, 5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasimova, G., Askeeva, G. & Saitova, N. (eds) (2014) Tilemis Mustafin (Almaty, Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies).
   Google Scholar
• Ngai, L. R. & Petrongolo, B. (2017) ‘Gender Gaps and the Rise of the Service Economy’, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 9, 4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochsenfeld, F. (2016) ‘Preferences, Constraints, and the Process of Sex Segregation in College Majors: A Choice Analysis’, Social Science Research, 56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penner, A. M. (2015) ‘Gender Inequality in Science’, Science, 347, 6219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard, W. E. (1986) Bayesian Statistics for Evaluation Research: An Introduction (Beverly Hills, CA, Sage).
   Google Scholar
• Robert, C. (2007) The Bayesian Choice: From Decision-Theoretic Foundations to Computational Implementation (New York, NY, Springer Science & Business Media).
   Google Scholar
• Satpayev, D. (2002) Political Science in Kazakhstan: The State of Discipline (Almaty, Kazakhstan Association of Political Science).
   Google Scholar
• Schäfer, J. & Strimmer, K. (2005) ‘An Empirical Bayes Approach to Inferring Large-Scale Gene Association Networks’, Bioinformatics, 21, 6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soubbotina, T. P. & Sheram, K. (2000) Beyond Economic Growth: Meeting the Challenges of Global Development (Washington, DC, World Bank Publications).
   Google Scholar
• Stetar, J. & Kurakbayev, K. (2010) ‘The Goals for Higher Education in Kazakhstan’, International Higher Education, 59, Spring.
   Google Scholar
• Tallmon, D. A., Luikart, G. & Beaumont, M. A. (2004) ‘Comparative Evaluation of a New Effective Population Size Estimator Based on Approximate Bayesian Computation’, Genetics, 167, 2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, K. & Gill, J. (2005) ‘Bayesian Inference in Public Administration Research: Substantive Differences from Somewhat Different Assumptions’, International Journal of Public Administration, 28, 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Western, B. & Jackman, S. (1994) ‘Bayesian Inference for Comparative Research’, American Political Science Review, 88, 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winslow, S. & Davis, S. N. (2016) ‘Gender Inequality Across the Academic Life Course’, Sociology Compass, 10, 5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfinger, N. H., Mason, M. A. & Goulden, M. (2009) ‘Stay in the Game: Gender, Family Formation and Alternative Trajectories in the Academic Life Course’, Social Forces, 87, 3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar