References

  • Akbulat, E. F. (2017) ‘Syrian Circassians in the Context of the Syrian Refugees’ Issue: Nature of the Problem on the Basis of the International Community in Turkey and Russia and Suggested Solutions’, Central European Journal of Politics, 3, 1.
  • Akdeniz-Göker, E. (2019) ‘Exile Within Exile: Syrian Circassians Journey into Turkey’, in Kenar, N. & Amour, P. O. (eds) Reflections on International Relations & Politics & History & Law (London, IJOPEC).
  • Aliyeva, M. (2018) ‘Right of Return?—The Struggles of the Circassian Diaspora to Settle in Adygea’, OC Media, 1 August, available at: https://oc-media.org/features/right-of-return-the-struggles-of-the-circassian-diaspora-to-settle-in-adygea/, accessed 16 June 2022.
  • Berzhe, A. P. (1992) ‘Kratkii obzor gorskikh plemen na Kavkaze’, Kabardino-Balkarskoe otdelenie Vserossiiskogo fonda kul’tury (Nal’chik, Tiflis: Printing house of the office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus).
  • Besenyo, J. (2015) ‘Not the Invention of ISIS: Terrorists Among Immigrants’, Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 5, 1.
  • Bram, C. (1999) ‘Circassian Re-Emigration to the Caucasus’, in Weil, S. (ed.) Roots and Routes: Ethnicity and Migration in Global Perspective (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press).
  • Bram, C. (2019) ‘The Colonization of the Caucasus between Past and Present: Russia and the Struggle over the Circassian Genocide’, in Levin, Z. (ed.) Russian and the Muslim World: Challenges in the Middle East, Central Asia, South Caucasus and from Within (Jerusalem, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem).
  • Bram, C. & Gammer, M. (2004) ‘The Circassian World Congress: Dilemmas of Ethnic Identity and the Making of an Ethno-National Movement’, in Gammer, M. (ed.) The Caspian Region. Vol. 3: The Caucasus (London, Routledge).
  • Bram, C. & Gammer, M. (2013) ‘Radical Islamism, Traditional Islam and Ethno-Nationalism in the Northern Caucasus’, Middle Eastern Studies, 49, 2.
  • Bubenok, O. (2015) ‘The Adyghe Factor in the Ethnopolitical Development of the Northern Caucasus’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, 16, 2.
  • Fadeev, R. A. (2003) Kavkazskaya Voina (Moscow, Eksmo).
  • Grebennikov, M. (2013) ‘Is Leviathan Back? Circassian Ethnic Mobilization After the 2012 Presidential Elections in Russia’, CEU Political Science Journal, 2.
  • Hansen, L. F. (2012) ‘Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20 Years After the Fall of the Soviet Union’, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 11, 2.
  • Heaney, D. (2022) ‘North Caucasus Federal Okrug’, in The Territories of the Russian Federation 2022 (23rd edn) (Abingdon, Routledge).
  • Heisbourg, F. (2015) ‘The Strategic Implications of the Syrian Refugee Crisis’, Survival, 57, 6.
  • Henze, P. B. (1990) The North Caucasus: Russia’s Long Struggle to Subdue the Circassians (Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corporation), available at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7666.html, accessed 12 December 2021.
  • Issaev, L., Korotayev, A. & Mardasov, A. (2018) ‘Metamorphosy Vnutrisiriiskogo peregovornogo protsessa’, Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 62, 3.
  • Ivanov, E. A., Issaev, L. M., Korotaev, A. V. & Shishkina, A. R. (2019) ‘Migratsionnoye ekho siriiskogo konflikta v regionakh yuga Rossii (na primere Karachaevo-Cherkesskoi Respubliki)’, Politeia: Analiz. Khronika. Prognoz, 92, 1.
  • Karpat, K. H. (1985) Ottoman Population 1830–1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics (Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin Press).
  • Kasumov, A. K. (1992) Genotsid Adygov: Iz Istorii Bor’by Adygov za Nezavisimost’ v XIX veke (Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria, LOGOS).
  • Kaya, A. (2005) ‘Circassian Diaspora in Turkey: Stereotypes, Prejudices and Ethnic Relations', in Kuran-Burçoğlu, W. N. & Miller, S. G. (eds) Representations of the ‘Other/s’ in Mediterranean World and their Impact on the Region (Istanbul, The Isis Press).
  • Kaya, A. (2014) ‘The Circassian Diaspora in and Outside Turkey: Construction of Transnational Space in the Post-communist Era’, Problems of Post-Communism, 61, 4.
  • Khoon, Y. (2015) ‘Prince of Circassia: Sefer Bey Zanuko and the Circassian Struggle for Independence’, Kafkasya çalışmaları, 1, 1.
  • Khotko, S. K. (2015) Otkrytie Cherkesii. Kartograficheskie istochniki XIV–XIX vv’ (Majkop, Poligraf-JuG).
  • King, C. (2007) ‘Imagining Circassia: David Urquhart and the Making of North Caucasus Nationalism’, Russian Review, 66, 2.
  • Kramer, M. (2015) ‘The Return of Islamic State Fighters’, PONARS Eurasia, 381.
  • Kuznetsova, I. (2020) ‘To Help “Brotherly People”? Russian Policy Towards Ukrainian Refugees’, Europe-Asia Studies, 72, 3.
  • Kvitsiani, D. D. (2015) ‘Kavkazskaya voina kak svidetel’stvo raznochtenii adygskoi istorii’, Nauchnaya mysl’ Kavkaza, 81, 1.
  • Malakhova, G. N. (2001) Stanovlenie i Razvitie Rossiiskogo Gosudarstvennogo Upravleniia na Severnom Kavkaze, v Kontse XVIII–XIX vv (Rostov-on-Don, SKAGS).
  • McCarthy, J. (2010) Population History of the Middle East and the Balkans (Piscataway, NJ, Gorgias Press).
  • Moen-Larsen, N. (2020) ‘Brothers and Barbarians: Discursive Constructions of “Refugees” in Russian Media’, Acta sociologica, 63, 2.
  • Myhre, M. H. (2018) ‘Forced Migrant “Compatriots” from Ukraine: Accessing Legal Residency and Citizenship in the Russian Federation’, Nationalities Papers, 46, 6.
  • Nesser, P., Stenersen, A. & Oftedal, E. (2016) ‘Jihadi Terrorism in Europe: The IS-Effect’, Perspectives on Terrorism, 10, 6.
  • Osipov, A. (2012) ‘Implementation Unwanted? Symbolic vs. Instrumental Policies in the Russian Management of Ethnic Diversity’, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 13, 4.
  • Petersson, B. & Vamling, K. (2017) ‘Fifteen Minutes of Fame Long Gone: Circassian Activism Before and After the Sochi Olympics’, Sport in Society, 20, 4.
  • Pohl, J. O. (2000) ‘Stalin’s Genocide Against the “Repressed Peoples”’, Journal of Genocide Research, 2, 2.
  • Polovinkina, T. V. (2001) Cherkesiya—bol’ moya. Istoricheskii ocherk (drevneishee vremya—nachalo XX v (Maykop, Adygea, RIPO).
  • Richmond, W. (2013) The Circassian Genocide (New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press).
  • Richmond, W. (2019) ‘The Circassian Factor in Russian–Muslim Relations’, in Levin, Z. (ed.) Russian and the Muslim World: Challenges in the Middle East, Central Asia, South Caucasus and from Within (Jerusalem, Hebrew University of Jerusalem).
  • Savelyeva, M. (2015) ‘Kabardino-Balkariya prinyala okolo dvukh tysyach bezhentsev iz Sirii’, RIA Novosti, 10 September, available at: https://ria.ru/20150910/1242195334.html, accessed 13 November 2021.
  • Schneider, M. (2019) Twice a Minority: Kosovo Circassians in the Russian Federation, PhD Thesis (Leipzig, Leipzig University).
  • Shami, S. (1995) ‘Disjuncture in Ethnicity: Negotiating Circassian Identity in Jordan, Turkey and the Caucasus’, New Perspectives on Turkey, 12.
  • Shami, S. (1998) ‘Circassian Encounters: The Self as Other and the Production of the Homeland in the North Caucasus’, Development and Change, 29, 4.
  • Shenfield, S. D. (1999) ‘The Circassians: A Forgotten Genocide?’, The Massacre in History, 1.
  • Solopov, M. (2015) ‘Spetssluzhby Rossii vychislili sotni vernuvshikhsya iz Sirii i Iraka boevikov’, RBK, 25 December, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/25/12/2015/567bfdfd9a7947a3b3bc7387, accessed 10 June 2021.
  • Stent, A. (2016) ‘Putin’s Power Play in Syria: How to Respond to Russia’s Intervention’, Foreign Affairs, 95.
  • Sunata, U. (2019) ‘Transnational Solidarity of Circassians in-between Caucasus and Middle East’, in Musolf, G. R. (ed.) Conflict and Forced Migration (Bingley, Emerald).
  • Sykes, H. & Hamzeh, M. (2016) ‘Pot of Blood: Sochi Olympics and the Circassian genocide’, in Sykes, H. (eds) The Sexual and Gender Politics of Sport Mega-Events (London, Routledge).
  • Tamov, A. (2019) ‘Cherkesy, adygi i perepis’ 2020’, Kavkaz. Realii, 13 February, available at: https://www.kavkazr.com/a/29767434.html, accessed 3 May 2021.
  • Tlostanova, M. (2011) ‘The South of the Poor North: Caucasus Subjectivity and the Complex of Secondary “Australism”’, Global South, 5, 1.
  • Tlostanova, M. (2017) ‘On Decolonizing Design’, Design Philosophy Papers, 15, 1.
  • Traho, R. (1991) ‘Circassians’, Central Asian Survey, 10, 1–2.
  • Tsibenko, S. N. (2014) ‘Aktualizatsiya problemnykh voprosov cherkesov Rossii i diaspory v angloyazychnykh istochnikakh’, Nauchnaya mysl’ Kavkaza, 77, 1.
  • Vasiliev, Y. (2015) ‘Rossiya prirastaet siriitsami’, lenta.ru, 23 September, available at: https://lenta.ru/articles/2015/09/23/adygea/, accessed 17 April 2021.
  • Wiley, M. (2015) ‘Circassian Right of Return: Putin the Terrible or Putin the Enlightened’, American University International Law Review, 30, 1.
  • Zaytsev, V. (2012) ‘Cherkesskiy iskhod’, Kommersant’’, 20 February, available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1873317, accessed 16 August 2021.
  • Zhemukhov, S. (2008) ‘Circassian World: Responses to the New Challenges’, PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo, 54.
  • Zhemukhov, S. (2012) ‘The Birth of Modern Circassian Nationalism’, Nationalities Papers, 40, 4.
  • Zhigunova, L. & Tlostanova, M. (2021) ‘Circassian Trajectories between Post-Soviet Neocolonialism, Indigeneity, and Diasporic Dispersions: A Conversation’, in Koobak, R., Tlostanova, M. & Thapar-Björkert, S. (eds) Postcolonial and Postsocialist Dialogues (Abingdon, Routledge).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.