Russian Regions in Expanding Europe: The Pskov Connection

References

• Stavrakis , Peter J. , DeBardeleben , Joan and Black , Larry , eds. 1997 . Beyond the Monolith: The Emergence of Regionalism in Post-Soviet Russia , Washington DC : The Woodrow Wilson Center Press . Major academic centres, most notably the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, the Moscow Carnegie Center, and CREES, University of Birmingham, now systematically study the political, economic and social dimensions of relations between Moscow and the outlying regions
   Google Scholar
• Veslo , Anatolii . 1996 . `Opasayas' NATO, Pskovskii gubernator trebuet podkreplenii' . Segodnya , 20 October
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . Rabochaya Tribuna (Moscow) , 1 October : 1 in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) Report, FBIS-TAC-96-010
   Google Scholar
• Marinin . “ `Rossiisko-estonskie ekonomicheskie otnosheniya' ” . 108
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . `Connections Needed' . The Economist , 15 March : 69 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Mikhailov . 1996 . `Nash real'nyi shans' . Russkii zapad (Pskov, formerly Pravda Zhirinovskogo-Pskovskii vypusk) , 28 October
   Google Scholar
• Vagin , Vladimir . 1997 . `Pskovskii variant gubematorskikh vyborov' . Politika , 1 : 75 Tumanov's campaign theme (`Let the young people work'), cooked up by his team of consultants from Moscow, failed to address local concerns the same way as Mikhailov's did. Moreover, Tumanov's slogan played right into the hands of Mikhailov who was 33 at the time of the campaign.
   Google Scholar
• Manakov , A. G. 1996 . `Razgadki "pskovskogo fenomena"' . Vash vybor , 2 : 17 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . Finansovye izvestiya , 14 October
   Google Scholar
• Skatershchikova , Ye. Ye. and Smirnyagin , L. V. 1994 . `Zhiznennye migratsii rossiyan kak faktor territorial'noi splochennosti Rossii' . Rossiya regionov , 1 : 10 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Helmer , John . 1997 . `Russia: Regional Favoritism Adds to Budget Woes' . RFE/RL , 23 April Official Pskov data, reported by Vladimir Vagin. On Pskov rankings among other Russian regions see
   Google Scholar
• 1995 . `Unemployment Exceeds 2 Million in May' . RFE/RL , 29 June OMRI Regional Profiles, Pskov Region (1996)
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilyuk , Al. 1995 . `Crossing Border Fast. Kunichina Gora Motor Vehicle Customs Point Open' . Rossiiskaya gazeta , 19 January : 2 in FBIS, Daily Report, FBIS-SOV-95-017-S
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . Transboundary and Environmental News (TEN) , 2 (8) January : 16 – 31 . Vagin, personal information. Also, Vladimir Vagin, Informatsionno-analiticheskoe obozrenie. Pskovskaya oblast', section on `Vneshnie svyazi' (Pskov, The Russian Public Policy Centre Foundation, February 1997), para 1.5. This source, further referred to as Obozrenie, is a monthly survey of local press on specific issues of Pskov regional politics and economics. Reports on foreign relations are primarily drawn from articles published in Pskovskaya pravda, Novosti Pskova and Vechernii Pskov, the region's three most widely circulated newspapers. On reduction in the volume of trans-border contraband in the region over 1995 see. This is a bulletin of the Transboundary and Environmental Information Agency, a non-profit information service covering the border area of the Baltic states, Finland and north-west Russia
   Google Scholar
• www.teia.org. (www.teia.org.)
   Google Scholar
• Obozrenie, July 1997, para. 4.2; January 1998, para. 4.6.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenblum , Daniel . 1997 . `They Pretend to Pay Us … The Wage Arrears Crises in the Post-Soviet States' . Demokratizatsiya , 5 Spring : 300
   Google Scholar
• Marinin , I. 1996 . `Rossiisko-estonskie ekonomicheskie otnosheniya' . Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya , 8 : 110
   Google Scholar
• 1995 . `Crossing Border Fast. Kunichina Gora Motor Vehicle Customs Point Open' . Rossiiskaya gazeta , 19 January : 2
   Google Scholar
• Girnius , Saulius . 1995 . `New Russian Checkpoints with Latvia and Estonia' . RFE/RL Newsline , 16 January
   Google Scholar
• Railo , Genrikh . 1996 . `Border Policy: Old Problems of New Boundaries, or Why a Law on Border Territories is Needed' . Granitsa Rossii (Moscow) , 21 August : 5 in FBIS, Daily Report, FBIS-SOV-96-209-S. At the time of writing, May 1998, Russia was not listed as a Council of Europe Convention (ETS No. 106) participant, according to the official Council worldwide web site
   Google Scholar
• Bronshtein , M. 1995 . `Estoniya: ekonomika i geopolitika' . Voprosy ekonomiki , 2 : 114 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Bronshtein . “ `Estoniya: ekonomika i geopolitika' ” . 118
   Google Scholar
• Ibid., p. 120; Vagin; TEN, 3, 3, 1-15 February 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Ibid., p. 121.
   Google Scholar
• Ibid.
   Google Scholar
• Obozrenie, April 1997, para. 4.2.
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . Reference Book on the Russian Investment Legislation (Federation and Regions) , Moscow : Gosincor . Obozrenie, December 1997. Of the 21 subjects of the federation surveyed by the Foreign Investment Promotion Centre of the Russian economics ministry in 1997, Pskov was among the six that offered foreign investors both tax breaks in the first years of operation and legal guarantees of their property rights. See
   Google Scholar
• Obozrenie, December 1996, para. 3.2.
   Google Scholar
• Obozrenie, March 1997, para. 4.4. Poberii also said that regional and district governments must do more to facilitate registration of joint ventures and ensure enforcement of business regulations.
   Google Scholar
• Marinin . January 1997 . “ `Rossiisko-estonskie ekonomicheskie otnosheniya' ” . Vol. 3 , January , 111 16 – 31 . 2
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . `News Digest' . Lake Peipsi Quarterly , 2 Spring
   Google Scholar
• http:www.eenet.ee/~plp/lpq3/digest.html (http:www.eenet.ee/~plp/lpq3/digest.html)
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . ETA , 26 April Although the ministry of transport of Estonia objected to upgrading the Tallinn-Tartu highway, it supported the development of railway links with Russia
   Google Scholar
• Vasil'ev , Egor . 1998 . `The Baltic Oil Connection and Russian Interests' . Delvoi Vtornik , : 16
   Google Scholar
• 1998 . RIA Novosti . Daily Review , 15 May
   Google Scholar
• Kalashnikova , Marina . 1996 . `Baltiiskii uzelok v "besshovnoi" Evrope' . Itogi , 17 December
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . TEN , 3 ( 2 ) January : 16 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . TEN , 2 ( 8 ) April : 16 – 30 . In an official communication to the Council of Europe in 1994, the commission concluded that `the Baltic Sea region is of increasing importance for the [European] Union'. While noting that the region was `an important market and centre of economic activity' and `a crossroads between the industrialised Union--up to 370 million people after the enlargement--and the developing East with rich natural resources and 250 million people', the commission saw the EU's key long-term task as bridging socioeconomic disparities between 11 million citizens of the EU member states, another 18 million (in the Baltic and Scandinavian states) to enter as a result of enlargement, and the remaining 21 million (mostly in north-west Russia). Toward this end, the EU mobilised its financial instruments to assist the economic development of the region, giving 1.5 billion ECU of Phare assistance to Poland and the three Baltic states, as well as 78 million ECU of Tacis directly to north-western regions in Russia in 1990-93 (and pledging that more would follow). See
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 1994 . `Orientations for a Union Approach Toward the Baltic Sea Region' . Executive Summary, Brussels , 25 October
   Google Scholar
• Obozrenie, August 1997, para. 4.3.
   Google Scholar
• Obozrenie, October 1997, para. 4.3.
   Google Scholar
• 1995 . Novosti Pskova , 16 December
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . `News Digest from the Region' . Lake Peipsi Quarterly , 2 Winter
   Google Scholar
• Babaeva , Svetlana . 1998 . `Vo chto oboidetsya embargo?' . Izvestiya , 11 March : 1 Itogi;
   Google Scholar